Developmental delay in 3-month-old low birth weight infants with hyperbilirubinemia

Backgrourui Developmental delay may be due to a variety offactors occurring during the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatalperiods, one of which is hyperbilirubinemia.Objective To evaluate the impact ofhyperbilirubinemia on infantdevelopmental delay.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from March toJuly 2011. Subjects were low birth weight infants with and withouthyperbilirubinemia. Developmental delay was measured using theMullen Scales of Early Learning. Data was analyzed by Chi squaretest and relative risks were calculated. Logistic regression analysiswas performed to assess factors associated with developmentaldelay. Differences were considered statistically significant for Pvalues < 0.05.Results Forty-six low birth weight infants were enrolledin this study, 23 with hyperbilirubinemia and 23 withouthyperbilirubinemia. The relative risk (RR) for developmentaldelay in the hyperbilirubinemia group was 2.08 (95%CI 0.51 to8 .40). Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperbilirubinemia didnot significantly influence developmental delay (RR 1.45; 95%CI0.29 to 7.31). However, small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influenced developmental delay(RR 12.13; 95%CI 2.43 to 60.56).Conclusion Hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight infants isn ot a risk factor for developmental delay at the age of 3 months.However, being small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influences the likelihood ofdevelopmental delay.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Small-for-gestational-age on Neonatal Outcome Among Very-low-birth-weight Infants

Pediatrics & Neonatology ◽

10.1016/j.pedneo.2014.07.007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 101-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Li-Yi Tsai ◽

Yi-Ling Chen ◽

Kuo-Inn Tsou ◽

Shu-Chi Mu

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Outcome ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.1.130 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 130-130

Author(s):

Evelyn Lipper ◽

Kwang-sun Lee ◽

Lawrence M. Gartner ◽

Bruce Grellong

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Letters To The Editor

All of the infants entered into the study were low-birth-weight infants (<2,500 gm). The majority of infants had a gestational age less than 37 completed weeks, and, of these, some were also small for gestational age. Sixteen infants had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks but were included in the study because their birth weight was below the tenth percentile for their gestational age. We agree with Drs Knobloch and Malone's comment about the interrelationship of all three figures: as gastation advances, birth weight and head circumference increase.

Download Full-text

INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.2.236 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Avroy A. Fanaroff ◽

Michael Wald ◽

Howard S. Gruber ◽

Marshall H. Klaus

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Water Loss ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Heat Shield ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Water Losses ◽

Large Water

Insensible water loss (IWL) was determined from measurements of insensible weight loss during the first 7 weeks of life on 30 immature and nine small-for-gestational age, low birth weight infants. Under standard conditions (single-walled incubator, infant nude, gavage feeding), 10 infants with birth weights less than 1,250 gm, gestational age < 230 days (32 weeks) and postnatal age <10 days lost >2.5 gm/kg/hr (equivalent to 60-120 ml/kg/day), considerably higher than previously reported. Studies following the insertion of a plastic heat shield revealed a 25% reduction in IWL. The heat shield facilitates achievement of neutral thermal environment and reduced water losses in low birth weight infants. IWL measurements in infants with birth weights >1,500 gm and those small-for-gestational age were similar to previously reported studies. Because of the known limited ability of small immature infants to increase metabolic rate, these extremely high losses are believed to represent disproportionately larger water losses from skin. Skin factors predisposing to large water loss in immature infants include thinner epidermis, increased water content, and increased permeability.

Download Full-text

Serum Thymic Hormone Activity and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Healthy Neonates, Preterm Infants, and Small-for-Gestational Age Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.67.3.407 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 407-411

Author(s):

R. K. Chandra

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Lymphocyte Stimulation ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Thymic Hormone ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

Groups of healthy, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were studied at birth, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months of age. Serum thymic hormone (TH) activity was assayed, the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was counted, and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. TH activity was decreased in 1-month-old SGA infants. T cells were reduced in all low birth weight infants; the number reverted to normal by 3 months of age in preterm AGA infants, whereas it remained low for at least 12 months in the SGA group. Lymphocyte stimulation response was decreased in low birth weight infants; the extent of depression paralleled reduction in T lymphocyte number. These observations indicate that cell-mediated immunity is impaired in low birth weight newborns and reduced TH activity may be one of the pathogenetic factors involved. Persistent depression of immunocompetence may underlie the increased susceptibility of SGA infants to infection-related morbidity and mortality.

Download Full-text