scholarly journals Association between passive smoking and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with household TB contact

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Novaily Zuliartha ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Melda Deliana ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passive Smoke ◽  
Smoking Group

Background Tuberculosis (TB) and cigarette consumption are relatively high in Indonesia. Passive smoking may increase the risk of infection and disease in adults and children exposed to TB. An association between passive smoking and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children has not been well documented. Objective To assess for an association between passive smoking and M. tuberculosis infection in children who had household contact with a TB patient. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in February and March 2011. Children aged 5 to 18 years who had household contact with a TB patient underwent tuberculin testing for M. tuberculosis infection. Subjects were divided into two groups: those exposed to passive smoke and those not exposed to passive smoke. Chi-square test was used to assess for an association between passive smoking and M. tuberculosis infection. Results There were 140 children enrolled in this study, with 70 exposed to passive smoke and 70 not exposed to passive smoke. Prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection was significantly higher in the passive smoking group than in those not exposed to passive smoke [81.4% and 52.9%, respectively, (P= 0.0001)]. In the passive smoking group there were significant associations between nutritional state, paternal and maternal education, and M. tuberculosis infection. But no associations were found between M. tuberculosis infection and familial income or BCG vaccination. Conclusion Among children who had household contact with a TB patient, they who exposed to passive smoke are more likely to have M. tuberculosis infection compared to they who not exposed to passive smoke.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among adolescents in rural South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themba Mzembe ◽  
Richard Lessells ◽  
Aaron S Karat ◽  
Safiyya Randera-Rees ◽  
Anita Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background We aimed to estimate the prevalence of and explore risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among adolescents in a high tuberculosis (TB) and HIV prevalence setting. Methods A cross-sectional study of adolescents (10–19 years) randomly selected from a demographic surveillance area (DSA) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We determined M. tuberculosis infection status using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold-plus assay. We used HIV data from the DSA to estimate community-level adult HIV prevalence and random effects logistic regression to identify risk factors for TB infection. Results We enrolled 1,094 adolescents (548 [50.1%] female); M. tuberculosis infection prevalence (weighted for non-response by age, sex, and urban/rural residence) was 23.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.6–25.6%). M. tuberculosis infection was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.10–1.71, for increasing age-group [12–14, 15–17, 18–19 vs. 10–11 years]), ever (vs. never) having a household TB contact (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.25–3.64) and increasing community-level HIV prevalence (aOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07–1.92, for increasing HIV prevalence category [25–34.9%, 35–44.9%, ≥45% vs. <25%]). Conclusion Our data support prioritising TB prevention and care activities in TB-affected households and high HIV prevalence communities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Suspected Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Northeastern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jamal Falahi ◽  
Kiarash Gazvini ◽  
Marzieh Mirzaei ◽  
Araz Majnoni ◽  
Hadi Lotfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Bronchial Tube ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an infectious agent responsible for major health problems and a large number of mortalities. The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection varies across countries. Knowing the infection prevalence can aid in improving public health and reduce the associated costs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in suspected cases in Mashhad, Iran.Methods: All the clinical specimens suspected of TB infection were sent to a laboratory for diagnosis during -March 2017 to March 2018. The samples were analyzed microscopically using Ziehl–Neelsen staining, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the Mycobacterium tuberculosis species using IS6110 primers, and the samples were also grown on Lowenstein–Jensen medium.Results: Of 2,755 clinical samples analyzed, 153 (5.55%) were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive, of which 54.9% originated from females and 45.1% from males. The highest rate of infection was observed in spring, especially in May (15%). Most TB cases were found in patients in VIP (43.1%), thorax (17%), and internal (15%) wards. TB infection was mostly detected in bronchial tube (70%) and sputum (23.5%) samples. The most common positive smear was 1+ (36%). Of the 153 cases, (147) 96.1% were culture –positive and 2% were PCR-negative also 84.3% were smear –positive.Conclusion: The highest rate of infection occurred in spring, when the number of religious tourists entering the city was at its peak. Considering the sensitive location of this city, awareness regarding TB status can lead to improved health in the community and development of basic strategies to control and eliminate the transmission of this infection from Mashhad to other areas.

scholarly journals Accuracy of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Test for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Buonsenso ◽  
Giovanni Delogu ◽  
Clelia Perricone ◽  
Roberta Grossi ◽  
Angela Careddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Active Disease

ABSTRACT Compared to its predecessor QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube (QFT-IT), QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) contains an additional antigen tube (TB2), stimulating both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The ability to discriminate CD4+ and CD8+ responses is suggested to be useful in differentiating stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. While QFT-Plus has already been evaluated in adults, there are not enough data in children evaluated for suspected active tuberculosis (TB) or latent TB infection (LTBI). A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 0 to 17 years who were evaluated for suspected active TB or screened for LTBI. All children underwent QFT-Plus and further clinical, radiological, and/or microbiological analyses according to clinical scenario. Of the 198 children enrolled, 43 (21.7%) were tested because of suspicion of active TB. A total of 12/43 (27.9%) were diagnosed with active TB, and among these, 10/12 (83.3%) had a positive QFT-Plus assay. Of the 155 children screened for LTBI, 18 (11.6%) had a positive QFT-Plus, and 5 (2.5%) had an indeterminate result. TB1 and TB2 quantitative responses were not able to discriminate active disease from latent infection. The percent agreement between TB1 and TB2 was 100%. QFT-Plus assay showed good sensitivity for active TB and was particularly useful for the evaluation of children with suspected LTBI, giving a low rate of indeterminate results in this group. More studies are needed to properly evaluate QFT-Plus ability in discriminating active disease from latent infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as measured by the QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay and ESAT-6 free IGRA among adolescents in Mwanza, Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252808
Author(s):  
Kidola Jeremiah ◽  
Eric Lyimo ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
George PrayGod ◽  
Kathryn Tucker Rutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence

Background The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is vastly higher than that of tuberculosis (TB) disease and this enormous reservoir of individuals with LTBI impacts the global TB control strategy. Adolescents are at greatest risk of TB infection and are thus an ideal target population for a potential effective TB vaccine to be added to the current BCG programme as it could reduce the number of latent infections and consequently the number of adults with TB disease. However, LTBI rates are often unknown for this population. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of LTBI and to determine if Tanzanian adolescents would be a good population for a prevention of TB infection trial. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 193 adolescents aged 12 and 16 years from government schools and directly from the community in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected for all enrolled participants. Blood was drawn and tested using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), and Early Secretory Antigenic Target-6–Free Interferon-gamma Release Assay (ESAT-6 free IGRA). Concordance between QFT-GIT and ESAT-6 free IGRA was evaluated using the McNemar’s test. Results Overall estimates of LTBI prevalence were 19.2% [95%CI, 14.1; 25.2] and 18.6% [95%CI, 13.6; 24.6] as measured by QFT-GIT IGRA and ESAT-6 free IGRA, respectively. The 16-year-old cohort had a higher LTBI prevalence (23.7% [95%CI, 16.1; 32.9]) as compared to 12-year-old cohort (14.6% [95%CI, 8.6; 22.7]) as measured by QFT-GIT IGRA. When measured by ESAT-6 Free IGRA, LTBI prevalence was 24.7% (95%CI, 16.9; 34.0) for the 16-year-old cohort and 12.5% (95%CI, 7.0; 20.3) among the 12-year-old cohort. According to both tests the prevalence of TB infection and the corresponding annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) and force of infection were high and increased with age. Of all enrolled participants, 97.4% had concordant results for QFT-GIT IGRA and ESAT-6 free IGRA (p = 0.65). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI and the associated ARTI and force of infection among adolescents is high and increases with age in Mwanza Region. There was a high concordance between the QFT-GIT and the novel ESAT-6 free IGRA assays. These findings suggest Mwanza is a promising area to conduct novel TB vaccine research prevention of infection (POI) studies targeting adolescents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and rifampicin resistance among presumptive tuberculosis cases visiting tuberculosis clinic of Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110455
Author(s):  
Degineh Belachew Andarge ◽  
Tariku Lambiyo Anticho ◽  
Getamesay Mulatu Jara ◽  
Musa Mohammed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Objective: Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a public health threat in resource-limited countries where it is easily disseminated and difficult to control. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis, rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis cases attending the tuberculosis clinic of Adare General Hospital located in Hawassa city. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 tuberculosis suspected patients from April to July 2018. Socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Sputum specimens were analyzed using GeneXpert. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut point. Results: In this study, the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 98 (30.5%) with 95% confidence interval (25.5–35.8), and the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the 98 Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed cases was 4 (4.1%). The prevalence of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the tuberculosis suspected patients was 1.24%. Participants who had a history of treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs were more likely to develop rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: This study identified relatively high rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis suspected patients in the study area. Early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be given enough attention to strengthen the management of tuberculosis cases and improve direct observation therapy short-course and eventually minimize the spread of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strain in the community.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Adults: A Cross-sectional Analysis of a UK-Based Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea L Katelaris ◽  
Charlotte Jackson ◽  
Jo Southern ◽  
Rishi K Gupta ◽  
Francis Drobniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background BCG appears to reduce acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children, measured using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). We explored whether BCG vaccination continues to be associated with decreased prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection in adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from adult contacts of tuberculosis cases participating in a UK cohort study. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BCG, ascertained based on presence of a scar or vaccination history, against latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), measured via IGRA, was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The effects of age at BCG and time since vaccination were also explored. Results Of 3453 recent tuberculosis contacts, 27.5% had LTBI. There was strong evidence of an association between BCG and LTBI (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, .56–.87; P = .0017) yielding a VE of 30%. VE declined with time since vaccination but there was evidence that LTBI prevalence was lower amongst vaccinated individuals even >20 years after vaccination, compared with nonvaccinated participants. Conclusions BCG is associated with lower prevalence of LTBI in adult contacts of tuberculosis. These results contribute to growing evidence that suggests BCG may protect against M. tuberculosis infection as well as disease. This has implications for immunization programs, vaccine development, and tuberculosis control efforts worldwide. Clinical trials registration NCT01162265.

scholarly journals Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Daibert de Navarro ◽  
Isabela Neves de Almeida ◽  
Afrânio Lineu Kritski ◽  
Maria das Graças Ceccato ◽  
Mônica Maria Delgado Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Inhaled Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Study Results

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Results: A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Conclusions: Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system.

scholarly journals Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in renal transplant recipients

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Mônica Maria Moreira Delgado Maciel ◽  
Maria das Graças Ceccato ◽  
Wânia da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Daibert de Navarro ◽  
Kátia de Paula Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Belo Horizonte

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in renal transplant recipients and to assess sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical associations with positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Hospital das Clínicas, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We included renal transplant recipients who underwent the TST between January 2011 and July 2013. If the result of the first TST was negative, a second TST was administered. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with positive TST results. Results: The sample included 216 patients. The prevalence of LTBI was 18.5%. In the multivariate analysis, history of contact with a tuberculosis case and preserved graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were associated with positive TST results. TST induration increased by 5.8% from the first to the second test, which was considered significant (p = 0.012). Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI was low in this sample of renal transplant recipients. The TST should be administered if renal graft function is preserved. A second TST should be administered if the first TST is negative.

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