Study of Cholesterol Levels in Ascitic Fluid to Differentiate Malignant from Non-Malignant Effusion

Abstract Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes may be useful in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion (PE) and ascitic fluid (AF) etiologies in cats since tissue damage induces their release, thereby changing the pattern of their activity. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of measuring LDH levels and its isoenzyme activities in PE or AF in cats with malignancy. We measured LDH levels and its isoenzyme activities in serum, PE, and AF in 29 cats and compared the results between malignant, infectious diseases, and non-malignant, non-infectious diseases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the tests in diagnosing feline malignancy. In PE or AF, significant differences were found in LDH levels and LDH isoenzymes activities among the three groups. The combination of LDH level and LDH-1 activity in PE or AF had the highest area under the ROC (AUC) value of 0.874 for discriminating malignant effusion from non-malignant effusion. The sensitivity and specificity of using the combination of LDH level (cutoff: <2,269 U/L) and LDH-1 activity (cutoff: <4.8%) in PE or AF for predicting malignancy with the highest AUC value were 94.4% and 72.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that the combination of LDH level and LDH-1 activity in PE or AF can potentially diagnose for malignancy. Considering that LDH isoenzymes can be measured inexpensively and easily, LDH tests can be readily accommodated in veterinary clinical practice.

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Diagnostic Value of Ascitic Fluid Cholesterol Levels in the Prediction of Malignancy

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.3109/00365528809090173 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 1085-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. Brøndum Mortensen ◽

S. Dalby Kristensen ◽

A. Bloch ◽

B. Ascanius Jacobsen ◽

S. Nørby Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Ascitic Fluid ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Cholesterol Levels

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Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20200356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (12) ◽

pp. 1403-1432 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manal Muin Fardoun ◽

Dina Maaliki ◽

Nabil Halabi ◽

Rabah Iratni ◽

Alessandra Bitto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Tissue Inflammation ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

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