scholarly journals Is strenuous exercise harmful in the era of COVID-19 vaccination and may increase the risk of the rare adverse effects of myocarditis and thrombosis in recently vaccinated young people? The secret is IL-6. A retrospective and prospective observational study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elkazzaz ◽  
Amr Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a type of interleukin that functions as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is encoded by the IL6 gene in humans. Both COVID-19 infection and S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19 were found to induce the production of proinflammatory IL-6, and also, strenuous exercise was found to induce IL-6 secretion by the skeletal muscles via lactate. Exercise causes skeletal muscle cells to release IL-6, and it raises the plasma concentration of IL-6 100 times higher than at rest . Exercise-induced IL-6 release is highly correlated with exercise intensity and duration; thus, IL-6 is regarded as an energy sensor released by contracting muscles. Although, COVID-19 infection and S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19 have similar pathological effects, such as myocardial infarction, thrombotic and coagulation abnormalities (deep thrombosis), but these adverse effects are rarely associated with S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19. Recently, it was showed that most patients who experienced myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccine were young male youth aged 16 to 29 years had the highest incidence of myocarditis. Interestingly, It was observed that IL-6 was linked to adverse effects such as thrombosis and myocarditis, both of which are similar to that was caused by COVID-19 infection, and that S-Protein based vaccines for COVID-19. Here, we propose a testable hypothesis that strenuous exercise could be a risk and cofactor helping in the existing of these adverse effects in young people such as myocarditis and thrombosis via induction the secretion of proinflammatory IL-6. In our retrospective and prospective observational study we will assess the possible correlation among the strenuous exercise , IL-6, myocarditis and thrombosis. The study will be multi-center and will involve young patient who will be vaccinated with first ,second and third dose of S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19 (Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine). Pfizer and BioNTech have successfully developed the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, which consists of the full-length S glycoprotein with the K986P and V987P mutation sites. Also, Moderna's mRNA-1273 vaccine contains the coding sequence for a S glycoprotein stabilized by a pair of proline substitutions (K986P/V987P), a transmembrane anchor, and an intact S1-S2 cleavage site .

scholarly journals Use of oral glutamine in radiation‑induced adverse effects in patients with thoracic and upper aerodigestive malignancies: Results of a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Papanikolopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Syrigos ◽  
Louisa Vini ◽  
Maria Papasavva ◽  
Georgios Lazopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibodies in vaccinated individuals

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3124
Author(s):  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
S. A. Burns ◽  
A. Yu. Gorshkov ◽  
V. N. Shishkova ◽  
L. N. Ryzhakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
S Protein

In the context of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is extremely important to study immunogenicity and immune response duration in different vaccines.Aim. As part of a prospective observational study, to study the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibodies in individuals vaccinated with the Gam-COVID-Vac and CoviVac vaccines.Material and methods. The data of 93 people who completed the first 3 visits were analyzed, 23 of whom were vaccinated with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine and 70 people — with the CoviVac vaccine. We collected blood before the injection of vaccine doses I and II, as well as 42 days after the injection of dose I in order to quantitatively determine IgG levels. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibodies was determined using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA-BEST reagent kit on the InfiniteF50 TECAN system.Results. A significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibodies was observed in those vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac. In the group of CoviVac vaccine, an increase in the level anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibodies in absolute values was recorded, however, this increase did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion. The data obtained show that the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein antibodies 42 days after Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination is significantly higher than after CoviVac vaccination. However, an increase in the level of IgG in both groups indicates the ability of both vaccines to stimulate the production of anti-SARS-CoV antibodies.

scholarly journals Glycemic responses to strenuous training in male professional cyclists with type 1 diabetes: a prospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia McCarthy ◽  
Max L Eckstein ◽  
Sam N Scott ◽  
Federico Y Fontana ◽  
Mark P Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionThis prospective observational study sought to establish the glycemic, physiological and dietary demands of strenuous exercise training as part of a 9-day performance camp in a professional cycling team with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Research design and methodsSixteen male professional cyclists with T1D on multiple daily injections (age: 27±4 years; duration of T1D: 11±5 years; body mass index: 22±2 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin: 7%±1% (50±6 mmol/mol); maximum rate of oxygen consumption: 73±4 mL/kg/min) performed road cycle sessions (50%–90% of the anaerobic threshold, duration 1–6 hours) over 9 consecutive days. Glycemic (Dexcom G6), nutrition and physiological data were collected throughout. Glycemic data were stratified into predefined glycemic ranges and mapped alongside exercise physiology and nutritional parameters, as well as split into daytime and night-time phases for comparative analysis. Data were assessed by means of analysis of variance and paired t-tests. A p value of ≤0.05 (two-tailed) was statistically significant.ResultsHigher levels of antecedent hypoglycemia in the nocturnal hours were associated with greater time spent in next-day hypoglycemia overall (p=0.003) and during exercise (p=0.019). Occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with over three times the risk of next-day hypoglycemia (p<0.001) and a twofold risk of low glucose during cycling (p<0.001). Moreover, there was trend for a greater amount of time spent in mild hypoglycemia during the night compared with daytime hours (p=0.080).ConclusionThe higher prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of next-day hypoglycemia, which extended to cycle training sessions. These data highlight the potential need for additional prebed carbohydrates and/or insulin dose reduction strategies around exercise training in professional cyclists with T1D.Trial registration numberDRKS00019923.

Adverse reactions to two intravenous antibiotics (Augmentin and Zinacef) used for surgical prophylaxis in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark James Gosling ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Taboada
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Surgical Prophylaxis ◽  
System A ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics

Antibiotic prophylaxis in dogs undergoing surgical procedures frequently involves the administration of a product without a veterinary licence. Two drugs commonly used for this purpose are the clavulanate amoxicillin Augmentin and the cefuroxime Zinacef. This prospective observational study aims to compare the incidence of adverse events associated with these two antibiotics in a clinical setting. The authors hypothesised that a higher incidence of adverse effects would be observed with Augmentin. Sixty-five dogs were included in the study and adverse events were recorded using a modified scoring system. A significantly higher incidence of adverse events to Augmentin (8/22; 36 per cent) was observed compared with Zinacef (1/43; 2 per cent) (P=0.0003). The majority of these adverse events involved cutaneous signs and/or hypotension. These findings might be taken into consideration when selecting one of these intravenous antibiotics for prophylaxis in anaesthetised dogs undergoing surgery.

scholarly journals P287 Adverse effects of medication in IBD: A single center prospective observational study

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S124
Author(s):  
J. Machado ◽  
P. Ministro ◽  
R. Araújo ◽  
R. Ramalho ◽  
E. Cancela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Single Center

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PROPOFOL WITH NALBUPHINE AND ETOMIDATE WITH NALBUPHINE IN MAJOR SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Aju Joy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
To Receive

INTRODUCTION: Propofol provides rapid and smooth anesthesia with quick recovery and less incidence of vomiting. Etomidate is inducing agent of choice in cardiac patients.We are comparing the effects of these drugs when given along with nalbuphine.This study aims to compare the hemodynamic parameters, onset and efficacy of these combinations and adverse effects. MATERIALS AND METHOD:60 patients belonging to ASA I -II of either sex undergoing major surgeries under general anesthesia were included in our study. The study was prospective observational study, 60 patients were randomized equal into two groups to receive either propofol with nalbuphine or etomidate with nalbuphine. RESULT:Etomidate group showed more hemodynamic stability compared to Propofol group

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