scholarly journals COVID-19 And SARS-COV-2 Infection And Virulence: Hypothesis I

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Lim Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Different Parts

SARS-COV-2 is the etiologic agent of COVID-19. There is currently no effective means of preventing infections by SARS-COV-2, except through restriction of population movement and contact. An understanding of the origin, evolution and biochemistry (molecular biology) of SARS-COV-2 is a prerequite to its control. There is no definitive answer as to the origin of SARS-COV-2. The evolution of SARS-COV-2 can be gleaned from a comparative study of its infectivity and virulence in different populations and environments. From an analysis of the infectivity and virulence of SARS-COV-2 in different parts of the world, it is submitted that there is no correlation between infectivity and virulence of SARS-COV-2. It is therefore hypothesized that SARS-COV-2 may be a rapidly mutating virus and identification of SARS-COV-2 strain(s) that has/have increased virulence is essential in the formulation of any effective vaccine or prophylactic that targets SARS-COV-2.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and SARS-COV-2 Infection and Virulence, Hypothesis II: Elevated Temperature, Humidity and Far Infrared Irradiation will significantly lower the Viability, Infectivity and Virulence of SARS-COV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Lim Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Infrared Irradiation ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Sun Light ◽  
Far Infrared Radiation

SARS-COV-2 is the etiologic agent of COVID-19. There is currently no effective means of preventing infections by SARS-COV-2, except through restriction of population movement and contact. An understanding of the origin, evolution and biochemistry (molecular biology) of SARS-COV-2 is a prerequisite to its control. There is no definitive answer as to the origin of SARS-COV-2. The evolution of SARS-COV-2 can be gleaned from a comparative study of its infectivity and virulence in different populations and environments. There are few reports on the biochemistry (molecular biology) of SARS-COV-2. Analysis of the biochemistry (moleuclar biology) of SARS-COV-2 and past discoveries of viruses that infect humans revealed that SARS-COV-2 most probably emerged from its latent forms through induction by Low Temperature, Low Sunlight and Low Humidity caused by Seasonal Change and Drought. Far Infrared Radiation (FIR), an important component of Sun Light can eradicate RNA viruses. Thus, it is hypothesized that an environment of high humidity, temperature approaching 39 0 C (or higher) and Far Infrared Irradiation will significantly lower the viability and infectivity of SARS-COV-2 and enhance the recovery of individuals infected with SARS-COV-2. Increasing the temperature and humidity with constant Far Infrared Irradiation in the room in which individuals infected with SARS-COV-2 are being treated is relatively easy to implement. Protocol for irradiation with FIR which is not harmful to humans but will destroy SARS-COV-2 already exists and can be implemented relatively easy. It is also hypothesized that the process of steaming up to 70 0 C - 80 0 C in a FIR Sauna may not only reduce the viability and infectivity of SARS-COV-2 but also enhance the recovery of individuals infected with SARS-COV-2. It is further hypothesized that Individuals infected with SARS-COV-2 who have mild symptoms and Asymptomatic Carriers of SARS-COV-2 will also benefit from steaming in a FIR Sauna. These hypotheses are realtively easy to test and will take no more than two weeks to accomplish.

scholarly journals Epigenetic polymorphism in wild populations of Mus musculus

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Different Parts

It has been suggested (Berry & Searle, 1963) that the discontinuous (‘quasi-continuous’) variants studied by Grüneberg et al. in the skeleton of rodents can be regarded as constituting epigenetic polymorphism in different populations. Comparisons have been made between the incidences of skeletal variants in house mouse populations collected from: corn ricks on a single farm in Hampshire; eleven separated localities in different parts of the British Isles; and nine other places throughout the world. These showed that the method could profitably be used for genetically characterizing and hence comparing populations. There was evidence suggestive of genetical drift between local populations and stabilizing selection over a larger area.

Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave e a COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2): uma revisão narrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2.ESP) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soraya Pereira Franco Adriano ◽  
Betânia Maria Pereira Santos ◽  
Carmem Gabriela Gomes de Figueiredo Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Carolina Bernardes Dulgheroff ◽  
Ronaldo Rodrigues Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca da atual pandemia do novo coronavírus, destacando aspectos referentes às características do vírus, bem como a epidemiologia, o diagnóstico e tratamento da COVID-19 no intuito de fornecer informações aos profissionais de saúde e à comunidade científica. Método: Revisão narrativa, com busca nas bases de dados Scielo, Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed, referente ao período de fevereiro a maio de 2020, utilizando os descritores: “infecções por coronavírus” or “coronavirus infections”, “COVID-19”, “betacoronavirus”, “Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave”, “SARS-Cov-2”, “diagnóstico”, “diagnosis”. Resultados: Foram evidenciadas três categorias temáticas: aspectos referentes ao vírus; a epidemiologia e a clínica da doença; e aspectos do diagnóstico e tratamento. Conclusão: O Coronavírus sofreu mutações desde o início da pandemia, mas não se sabe se estas mutações afetaram seu poder de infecciosidade. Em diferentes partes do mundo a epidemiologia da COVID-19 foi diferente. Com relação ao tratamento, a droga que tem se mostrado mais promissora até o momento é o remdesivir. Sem uma vacina eficaz, a maior arma que dispomos é o isolamento social.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; COVID-19; Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave. SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME AND COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2): A NARRATIVE REVIEWObjective: To analyze a scientific production on the current pandemic of new coronaviruses, highlighting aspects related to virus resources, as well as the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in order to provide information to health professionals and the scientific community. Method: Narrative review, searching the Scielo, Medline, Lilacs and Pubmed databases, for the period from February to May 2020, using the keywords: "coronavirus infections" or "coronavirus infections", "COVID-19", "Betacoronavirus", "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", "SARS-Cov-2", "diagnosis", "diagnosis". Results: Three thematic categories were highlighted: aspects related to the virus; an epidemiology and disease clinic; and aspects of diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: The Coronavirus has mutated since the beginning of the pandemic, but it is not known whether these mutations have affected its infectiousness. In different parts of the world the epidemiology of COVID-19 was different. Regarding treatment, a drug that has been shown to be more promising until recovery is needed. Without an effective vaccine, the biggest weapon that affects social isolation.Descriptors: Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SÍNDROME RESPIRATORIO AGUDO GRAVE Y COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2): UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVAObjetivo: analizar una producción científica sobre la pandemia actual de nuevos coronavirus, destacando aspectos relacionados con los recursos del virus, así como la epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de COVID-19 para proporcionar información a los profesionales de la salud y la comunidad científica. Método: Revisión narrativa, buscando en las bases de datos Scielo, Medline, Lilacs y Pubmed, para el período de febrero a mayo de 2020, utilizando los descriptores: "infecciones por coronavirus" o "infecciones por coronavirus", "COVID-19", "Betacoronavirus", "Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo", "SARS-Cov-2", "diagnóstico", "diagnóstico". Resultados: se destacaron tres categorías temáticas: aspectos relacionados con el virus; una clínica de epidemiología y enfermedad; y aspectos de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusión: el coronavirus ha mutado desde el comienzo de la pandemia, pero no se sabe si estas mutaciones han afectado su infecciosidad. En diferentes partes del mundo, la epidemiología de COVID-19 fue diferente. Con respecto al tratamiento, un medicamento que ha demostrado ser más prometedor hasta que se necesita recuperación. Sin una vacuna efectiva, el arma más grande que afecta el aislamiento social.Descriptores: Infecciones por Coronavirus; COVID-19; Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo.

Comparative study on freezing resistance of conifers with special reference to cold adaptation and its evolutive aspects

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2323-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Different Parts

From extensive winter hardiness studies of conifers growing in different parts of the world, large differences in winter hardiness are evident among families and genera. Very hardy conifers have evolved from four northern genera of Pinaceae: Pinus, Picea, Larix, and Abies. Winter hardiness of conifers varies with the minimum winter temperature of their natural range. The freezing resistance of most conifers is characterized by the relative susceptibility of the shoot and flower primordia of buds to freezing. The shoot and flower primordia of conifers, except the genus Pinus, survive freezing by extraorgan freezing. The results are discussed with reference to evolution of cold hardiness of conifers.

scholarly journals International commercial courts as new actors in adjudication business: Collaborators or competitors?

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Balša Stevanović
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
International Adjudication ◽  
Commercial Courts ◽  
Different Parts

International commercial courts are a relatively new phenomenon that changes the configuration of the international adjudication business. As novel players on the dispute resolution scene, these courts challenge the notion of competition between the existing actors in the business. From the perspective of arbitration, international commercial courts tend to be perceived as both collaborators and competitors. Furthermore, various driving forces influenced the creation of these courts, which gave them a hybrid structure and a quite unique institutional appearance. This article examines three prominent courts in three different parts of the world: the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts (DIFCC), the Singapore International Commercial Court (SICC) and the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC). The aim is to identify the main features of these adjudication actors that operate within three highly commercially relevant geographic regions in order to outline their character and role on the adjudication business stage. Eventually, through these examples this article addresses the puzzling question of competition versus cooperation in contrast to arbitration. Nevertheless, it is still hard to give a definitive answer - it seems too early for a firm prediction regarding the future of these projects. Jurisprudence must be developed in order to comprehensively test the success of international commercial courts

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Profitability of Agricultural Cooperatives in Poland and Around the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (4) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Matyja
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The World ◽  
World Report ◽  
Different Parts

The differences in perception and functioning of agricultural cooperatives in different parts of the world are visible to the naked eye. Moreover, the literature brings different findings in respect to comparisons between cooperatives and non-cooperatives in terms of profitability. The purpose of this article was to identify the differences in profitability between agricultural cooperatives in selected parts of the world as well as between cooperatives and other enterprises in Polish agriculture. The description of results of the world report on cooperatives and analysis of variance on 300 agricultural enterprises in Poland were used in order to accomplish the above purpose. The main findings prove that American agricultural cooperatives achieved the best profitability results and that cooperatives have lower profitability than other enterprises in agriculture.

A Comparative study of Gandhi and Nehru and in their Autobiographies

IJOHMN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Comparative Treatment ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Different Parts

Autobiography is usually defined as a retrospective narrative written about one’s life, in the first person and in prose. Such writing has appeared with increasing frequency in Western Literature since the beginning of nineteenth century but after World War II, it gained considerable significance. Now autobiographies all over the world and especially in India are extensively read and enjoyed, but paradoxically enough, they have received very scant critical attention, let alone comparative treatment. The comparative approach to literature enables us to widen our critical horizon and develop the concept of prevalent literary tendencies in the world as well as the different regions of a nation. The comparative study of authors belonging to the different nations should be preceded by that of authors belonging to the same country, preferably coming from two different parts of the country belonging to two different fields and professions. It is needless to say, that the comparative study aims at establishing the universality and oneness of human experience through the depiction of diverse peculiarities of it

BIOASSAY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXTRACTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Mellinger ◽  
Jalileh A. Mansour ◽  
Richmond W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.

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