scholarly journals High-Resolution SD-OCT and EDI-OCT in the Evaluation and Management of Multifocal Serpiginoed Choroditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eman Abo Taleb ◽  
Manish P. Nagpal ◽  
Navneet S. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Depth Image ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vitreoretinal Interface ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose To describe spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth image OCT (EDI-OCT) findings of multifocal serpiginoid choroditis (MSC) , including affected layer of retinal involvement, changes at the vitreoretinal interface, and response to therapy. Methods A retrospective review of 20 eyes (14 patients) with MSC. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, fundus photography, fundus autoflorecence (FAF) and OCT imaging of the affected retina at the initial visit and on each follow-up. Results In acute stage, SD-OCT showed hyperreflective areas involving the outer retinal layers which include retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor outer segment tips (POST), inner segment–outer segment (IS/OS) junction, external limiting membrane (ELM), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) with choroidal and intraretinal layer cells infiltrate. EDI-OCT showed increase choroidal thickness. As the lesions began to heal, irregular, knobby elevations of outer retinal layers appeared (RPE, POST, IS/OS junction, and ELM could not be distinguished) with significant decrease in choroidal and intraretinal cells. On complete healing, loss of RPE, POST, IS/OS junction, and ELM in SD-OCT scan and absent of the choroidal and intraretinal cells and continous hyperreflactivity of the choroid (increased penetrance). Conclusion SD-OCT and EDI-OCT provides high-resolution detail regarding ultrastructural changes in vitreoretinal interface, outer retina and choroid during the course of the lesion. Serial SD-OCT and EDI-OCT also provides further insight into response to therapy by observing choroidal and intraretinal cells.

Changes of outer retinal thickness with increasing age in normal eyes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Zi-Jing Li ◽  
◽  
Jian-Hui Xiao ◽  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
External Limiting Membrane ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sd Oct

AIM: To comprehensively investigate the relationship between outer retinal layer thickness and age in normal eyes. METHODS: One hundred normal eyes of 100 subjects who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were included in this retrospective study. The distances between the external limiting membrane (ELM) line and the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) line (ELM-IS/OS), the IS/OS line and the cone outer segment tips (COST) line (IS/OS-COST), the COST line and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex (COST-RPE) and the full retinal thickness (RT) were measured at the fovea and on four quarters. The relationship between thickness and age or sex was then analysed. CONCLUSION: In normal eyes, the RT thickness on the nasal quarter and the ELM-IS/OS thickness were significantly and negatively correlated with age. The IS/OS-COST and COST-RPE thicknesses were not significantly correlated with age or sex.

Six-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration and correlation to OCT-derived drusen volume measurements in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319290
Author(s):  
Anna CS Tan ◽  
Miao Li Chee ◽  
Beau J Fenner ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Yih Chung Tham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Systemic Risk Factors ◽  
Sd Oct

AimsTo report the 6-year incidence of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived age-related changes in drusen volume and related systemic and ocular associations.MethodsChinese adults aged 40 years and older were assessed at baseline and 6 years with colour fundus photography (CFP) and spectral domain (SD) OCT. CFPs were graded for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) features and drusen volume was generated using commercially available automated software.ResultsA total of 4172 eyes of 2580 participants (mean age 58.12±9.03 years; 51.12% women) had baseline and 6-year follow-up CFP for grading, of these, 2130 eyes of 1305 participants had gradable SD-OCT images, available for analysis. Based on CFP grading, 136 (3.39%) participants developed incident early AMD and 10 (0.25%) late AMD. Concurrently, retinal pigment epithelial-Bruch’s membrane (RPE-BrC) volumes decreased, remained stable and increased in 6.8%, 78.5% and 14.7%, respectively, over 6 years. In eyes where RPE-BrC volumes were >0 mm3 at baseline, this was associated with two-fold higher prevalence rate of any AMD at baseline (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that when compared with eyes where RPE-BrC volume was unchanged, volume decrease was significantly associated with older age (OR=1.30; p<0.001), smoking (OR=2.21; p=0.001) and chronic kidney disease (OR=3.4, p=0.008), while increase was associated with older age (OR=1.36; p<0.001) and hypertension (OR=1.43; p=0.016).ConclusionAMD incidence detected at 6 years on CFP and correlated OCT-derived drusen volume measurement change is low. Older age and some systemic risk factors are associated with drusen volume change, and our data provide new insights into relationship between systemic risk factors and outer retinal morphology in Asian eyes.

scholarly journals Outer Retinal Layers’ Thickness Changes in relation to Age and Choroidal Thickness in Normal Eyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Kamal Abdellatif ◽  
Yasser Abdelmaguid Mohamed Elzankalony ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid Ebeid ◽  
Weam Mohamed Ebeid
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To identify and correlate age-related changes in outer retinal layers’ thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in the normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate factors affecting these changes. Study Design. Observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods. We studied 125 healthy Egyptians between 20 and 79 years old. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (20–40 years), group 2 (40–60 years), and group 3 (>60 years). All patients had full ophthalmic examination. SD-OCT was done to measure the 9 ETDRS macular grid sectors of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor outer segment (RPE-OS), outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor inner segment (ONL-IS), and choroidal thickness (CT) (by enhanced depth imaging). Results. RPE-OS was significantly thinner in group 3 than in the other 2 groups (central: P<0.001). Moreover, the 3 groups were significantly different from each other regarding the CT (central: P<0.001); significant thinning was noticed in the choroid with age. The 3 groups did not show significant difference concerning the ONL-IS thickness. RPE-OS and CT showed statistically significant negative correlation with age (central RPE-OS: r = −0 C.345, P<0.001, and central CT: r = −0.725, P<0.001) while ONL-IS showed statistically nonsignificant correlation with age (central ONL-IS: r = −0.08, P=0.376). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of central 1 mm RPE-OS thickness in this study was age (β = −0.087, P=0.010) rather than choroidal thinning (β = 0.001, P=0.879). Conclusion. RPE-OS layer thickness shows significant thinning with increasing age, and with decrease in CT, however, age is the most determinant factor of this thinning.

scholarly journals Glaucomatous Maculopathy: Thickness Differences on Inner and Outer Macular Layers between Ocular Hypertension and Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using 8 × 8 Posterior Pole Algorithm of SD-OCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Garcia-Medina ◽  
Monica del-Rio-Vellosillo ◽  
Ana Palazon-Cabanes ◽  
Maria Dolores Pinazo-Duran ◽  
Vicente Zanon-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Sd Oct

The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of all inner and outer macular layers between ocular hypertension (OHT) and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) 8 × 8 posterior pole algorithm (8 × 8 PPA). Fifty-seven eyes of 57 OHT individuals and fifty-seven eyes of 57 early POAG patients were included. The thickness of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform and nuclear layer, photoreceptor layer (PRL) and retinal pigment epithelium were obtained in 64 cells for each macular layer and mean thickness of superior and inferior hemispheres was also calculated. Thinning of superior and inferior hemisphere mean thickness in mRNFL, GCL and IPL and thickening of superior and inferior hemisphere mean thickness in PRL and inferior hemisphere in INL were found in early GPAA group. Otherwise, heatmaps representing cell-to-cell comparisons showed thinning patterns in inner retinal layers (except for INL) and thickening patterns in outer retinal layers in GPAA group. We found that 8 × 8 PPA not only allows the detection of significant thinning patterns in inner retinal layers, but also thickening patterns in outer retinal layers when comparing early POAG eyes to OHT eyes.

scholarly journals Retinal Layers Changes in Human Preclinical and Early Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Support Early Retinal Neuronal and Müller Cells Alterations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Vujosevic ◽  
Edoardo Midena
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Sd Oct ◽  
Peripapillary Area

Purpose. To evaluate the changes in thickness of individual inner and outer macular and peripapillary retinal layers in diabetes.Methods. 124 subjects (124 eyes) were enrolled: 74 diabetics and 50 controls. Macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), any intraocular treatment and refractive error>6diopters were the main exclusion criteria. Full ophthalmic examination, stereoscopic fundus photography, and spectral domain-OCT were performed. After automatic retinal segmentation (layering) in 5 layers, the thickness of each layer was calculated, and values compared among groups.Results. Thirty patients had no DR, 44 patients had non proliferative DR. A significant increase of inner plexiform and nuclear layers was found in DR eyes versus controls (P<0.001). A significant decrease (P<0.01) of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and at specific sites of retinal ganglion cell layer (P=0.02) was documented in the macula. In the peripapillary area there were no differences between diabetics and controls.Conclusions. Decreased RNFL thickness and increased INL/OPL thickness in diabetics without DR or with initial DR suggest early alterations in the inner retina. On the contrary, the outer retina seems not to be affected at early stages of DM. Automatic intraretinal layering by SD-OCT may be a useful tool to diagnose and monitor early intraretinal changes in DR.

Optical Coherence Tomography in Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Battaglia Parodi ◽  
Pierluigi Iacono ◽  
Francesco Romano ◽  
Gianluigi Bolognesi ◽  
Francesco Fasce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Macular Dystrophy ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Hyperreflective Foci ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose To analyze spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-specific findings in the different stages of vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD). Methods Thirty-seven patients were prospectively recruited. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, and SD-OCT. The examined findings were vitelliform material, neurosensory detachment, intraretinal hyperreflective foci, and the status of external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, and retinal pigment epithelium. The primary outcome was the stratification of SD-OCT findings in each VMD stage. Secondary outcomes included the description of different characteristics related to intraretinal hyperreflective foci. Results Outer retinal layers were preserved almost exclusively in stage 1 (range 70%-100%), whereas their disruption and absence were typical of stages 2 to 4 (83%-100%) and stage 5 (67%-83%), respectively. Vitelliform material was found always in stages 2 and 3, 89% of stage 4, and rarely in stage 5 (33%). Neurosensory detachment was to some extent representative of stages 3 and 4 (80% and 72%, respectively) when compared with the other stages (p<0.001). Hyperreflective foci (16% of all eyes) demonstrated a progressive increase across stages 2 to 4, with slightly reduced figure in stage 5. These foci were located in the outer nuclear and plexiform layers, showed different sizes, and were not associated with a visual acuity reduction (p = 0.64). Conclusions A progressive deterioration of the outer retinal layers was noticeable in more advanced stages of VMD. The reduction of vitelliform material from stage 3 to 4 was paralleled by an increased evidence of neurosensory detachment. Although showing different size and location, hyperreflective foci did not correlate with worse BCVA.

Membrane turnover in rod photoreceptors: ensheathment and phagocytosis of outer segment distal tips by pseudopodia of the retinal pigment epithelium

1987 ◽  
Vol 230 (1260) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Membrane Turnover ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Rpe Cells

We have documented the ultrastructural changes that occur within the photoreceptor outer segment and the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) during photosensitive membrane turnover. We employed an in vitro eyecup preparation from Xenopus laevis in which a large shedding event was induced by adding the excitatory amino acid l-aspartate (Green-berger & Besharse I985; J . comp . Neurol . 239. 361-372). We found that during L-aspartate-induced shedding the rpe cells formed. on their apical domains, previously undescribed processes that were directly involved in disc phagocytosis. These processes are structurally similar to processes formed by macrophages during phagocytosis and are accordingly referred to as pseudopodia. Pseudopodia were distinguishable from the apical villous process normally extended from the rpe in that they were closely applied to the surface of the outer segment, had a cytoplasmic matrix of low electron density that was devoid of most cellular organelles and were enriched in thin (7 nm diameter) filaments. Filament size, specific pseudopodial staining with the actin-specific probe rhodamine phalloidin and inhibition of pseudopod formation by cytochalasin D suggested that the thin filaments were composed of actin. Pseudopodial formation also occurs during a normal light-initiated shedding event. However, the low frequency of shedding, the asynchrony of the individual shedding events and the transient appearance of the pseudopodia prevented a full appreciation of their role during normal disc shedding. Associated with massive shedding and pseudopodial formation, there was an increased adherence between retina and rpe. During l-aspartate treatment, the apical portions of the rpe cells partitioned with the distal outer segment during retinal isolation. This effect was directly related to the development of pseudopodia and may reflect alteration of surface features of the rod outer segment (ros)-rpe interface related to phagocytosis. Our observations show that transiently forming pseudo­podia are the organelles of phagocytosis and that they may play a role in disc detachment as well.

POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY IN CAUCASIANS: MORPHOLOGICAL FINDINGS FROM MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Simão ◽  
Cláudia V. Farinha ◽  
João P. Marques ◽  
Sandrina Nunes ◽  
Isabel M. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Soft Drusen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: To characterize the morphological features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a large Caucasian population. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study of treatment-naïve patients with PCV. Baseline fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (FA,ICGA) were assessed by trained medical graders. Typical PCV features were explored, and retinal and choroidal thickness (RT,CT) measurements were performed. Results: Seventy-nine eyes of 73 patients (mean age,72.6±11.9 years) were included. ICGA identified macular polyps in 89.9% of cases. SD-OCT revealed mostly subretinal fluid (93.6%) and a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment in 91.4%, with sharp protrusion in 67.0%. Polyp-like structures were seen in 74.3%, mostly adherent to an elevated RPE (69.6%). Type 1 neovascularization (NV) was identified in 74.7%, while 16.5% had a mixed NV. The mean macular CT was 220.9±83.2 µm (range,67.9-403.6). Diffuse and focal pachychoroid were observed in 26.6% and 30.4%. Soft drusen were reported in 62.0%, but retinal hemorrhage occurred in only 19.0%. Conclusion: The morphological features of PCV in Caucasians are similar to those reported in Asians. Pachychoroid signs were found in nearly half of our cohort. However, the mean age at presentation, high prevalence of soft drusen, and low prevalence of large subretinal hemorrhages make PCV closer to age-related macular degeneration in this ethnic group.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Imaging: A Case Series Illustrating Potential and Limitations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Puzyeyeva ◽  
Wai Ching Lam ◽  
John G. Flanagan ◽  
Michael H. Brent ◽  
Robert G. Devenyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To present a series of retinal disease cases that were imaged by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in order to illustrate the potential and limitations of this new imaging modality.Methods. The series comprised four selected cases (one case each) of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Patients were imaged using the Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) in SD-OCT mode. Patients also underwent digital fundus photography and clinical assessment.Results. SD-OCT imaging of a case of age-related macular degeneration revealed a subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane with detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina. Using SD-OCT, the cases of DR and BRVO both exhibited macular edema with cystoid spaces visible in the outer retina.Conclusions. The ability of SD-OCT to clearly and objectively elucidate subtle morphological changes within the retinal layers provides information that can be used to formulate diagnoses with greater confidence.

scholarly journals Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Age-related Macular Degeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre de Amorim Garcia Filho ◽  
Philip J Rosenfeld ◽  
Zohar Yehoshua ◽  
Giovanni Gregori ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Sd Oct

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) high-speed, high-resolution imaging of the macula has become an essential tool for evaluating dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This high-speed, high-resolution imaging strategy, combined with new innovative algorithms, permits reproducible measurements of the anatomical changes associated with AMD, which include drusen, geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). To visualise drusen and larger retinal pigment epithelial detachments, an algorithm was developed for Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) to detect elevations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To visualise GA, an algorithm was developed to provide en face visualisation of the macula, which easily identifies and measures areas where the RPE has been lost. To visualise CNV and the associated macular fluid, an algorithm was developed to measure the retinal thickness between the internal limiting membrane and the RPE. No other imaging modality is capable of qualitatively and quantitatively following patients at all stages of AMD, which makes SD-OCT the ideal instrument for following disease progression and the effect of therapies.

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