Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Hepatocellular Adenoma, Oral Contraceptive Pills: A Clinical Conundrum

AbstractPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by irregular menses, elevated androgens, and insulin resistance. Little information is published about the treatment of adolescent PCOS.The aim of this study was to evaluate metformin versus oral contraceptive pills (OCP) in treating adolescent PCOS. Twenty-two girls were randomized to either treatment for 6 months. The outcomes variables included body mass index (BMI) and free testosterone (FT).BMI decreased in all patients (metformin p=0.004, OCP p=0.045). FT decreased significantly only with OCP. Insulin resistance measures decreased in all patients but did not reach significance. The only significant difference in any of the variables between the two groups was number of menses. BMI and FT remained less than baseline for 3 months off treatment.Metformin and OCP have a positive effect on BMI, which persists after treatment is discontinued. FT decreased with both treatments, but only reached significance with OCP.

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COMPARISON OF METFORMIN AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS IN THE TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i4.5401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1387-90

Author(s):

Rabia Mushtaq ◽

Sadaf Iqbal ◽

Afroza Abbas ◽

Bushra Iftikhar ◽

Waqas Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Body Mass ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Objective: To compare metformin and oral contraceptive pills in terms of mean change of serum testosterone levels and body mass index in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha Pakistan, from Apr to Dec 2019. Methodology: A total of 64 patients presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome between 15-35 years were included. All patients were divided into two groups i.e. group 1 received oral contraceptive pills, and group 2 received metformin. Patients were clinically evaluated at baseline and 6 months after initial presentation to address the primary aim of evaluating the change in mean serum testosterone levels and body mass index after treatment. Results: The mean age of patients was 20.30 ± 4.92 years. The mean body mass index of patients at presentation was 30.32 ± 2.66 kg/m2. The mean reduction in the level of testosterone in group 1 was 5.14 ± 0.35ng/ml while in group 2 it was 2.58 ± 0.41 ng/ml (p˂ 0.001) which was statistically significant. Mean decrease in body mass index in group 1 was 1.51 ± 0.71 kg/m2 while in group 2 was 1.29 ± 0.46 kg/m2 (p=0.148) which was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Oral contraceptive pills were better than metformin in terms of mean decrease in serum testosterone levels in women presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome while the mean reduction in body mass index in both the groups was similar.

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Study the Relationship Between Estrogen Hormone and Calcium in Normal Females Before and After Menopause in Baghdad / Iraq

Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences ◽

10.32441/kjps.v2i1.152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sameerah Mustafa ◽

Asal Tawfeeq ◽

Hadeel Hasan

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Age Range

This study involved the collection of (90) samples of women serum which included (30) serum samples collected from women before menopause (reproductive women) in the age range of (22-43) years and were considered as (group A- control). While, (group B) included (30) serum samples collected from women using oral contraceptive pills between the ages of (22-43) years old. Whereas, another (30) serum samples were collected from women after menopause between the ages of (43-54) years and were considered as (group C). All of the collected serum samples were subjected to a number of serological and chemical tests for the measurement of (E2, HDL, LDL and Ca). Then, the obtained data were statistical analyzed and results showed a significant decrease (p˂ 0.05) in (E2 ,Ca and HDL) levels in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls. While, there were non-significant decrease (p> 0.05) in (E2, Ca and HDL) levels in women taking oral contraceptive when compared to the normal healthy controls. On the other hand, a significant increase (p˂ 0.05) was recorded in LDL level in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls whereas, no-significant increase (p˃ 0.05) in the LDL level in women taking oral contraceptives when compared to the control women.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Comparative study of the therapeutic effects of oral contraceptive pills containing desogestrel, cyproterone acetate, and drospirenone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717978515.793471100 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Anderson ◽

Raymond Li

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Cyproterone Acetate ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills

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Effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intraocular pressure

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v35i3.871 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tayyaba Gul Malik ◽

Hina Nadeem ◽

Eiman Ayesha ◽

Rabail Alam

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Short Term ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Time Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Short Time

Objective: To study the effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intra-ocular pressures of women of childbearing age. Methods: It was a comparative observational study, conducted at Arif memorial teaching hospital and Allied hospital Faisalabad for a period of six months. Hundred female subjects were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A, included females, who had been taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP) for more than 6 months and less than 36 months. Group B, included 50 age-matched controls, who had never used OCP. Ophthalmic and systemic history was taken. Careful Slit lamp examination was performed and intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured using Goldman Applanation tonometer. Fundus examination was done to rule out any posterior segment disease. After collection of data, we analyzed and compared the intra ocular pressures between the two groups by using ANOVA in SPSS version 21. Results: Average duration of using OCP was 14.9 months. There was no significant difference of Cup to Disc ratios between the two groups (p= 0.109). However, significant difference was noted between the IOP of OCP group and controls. (p=0.000). Conclusion: OCP significantly increase IOP even when used for short time period.

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Missed oral contraceptive pills: Correction to Handbook of Contraceptive Practice, 1990 edition.

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.29.7.28 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 28-28

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Health Trends ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Practice

We note an important correction to which the CMO, Health Trends and Prescribers Journal have already drawn attention. The first sentence of section 2.3.14 (p 37) should read “If any pill is omitted from the 21 days of active pills, additional contraception (barriers and spermicides) should be used for the 7 days after the pill(s) has been missed”.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive use among female students of Dilla secondary and preparatory school, Dilla town, South Ethiopia, 2014

Healthcare in Low-resource Settings ◽

10.4081/hls.2016.5680 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Kusheta Katama ◽

Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Female Students ◽

Preparatory School ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

South Ethiopia ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽

Injectable Form

Family planning is known not only as a fundamental intervention for improving the health of women but also as a human right. The aim of this study was to assess the current knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive use among female students in Dilla secondary and preparatory school, Dilla, South Ethiopia, 2014. A cross sectional study was conducted among 288 female students in Dilla secondary and preparatory school, south Ethiopia, June 19- 29/2014. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Chi-square test was used to identify associated factors. A total of 263 female students were involved in this study, of which 249 (94.7%) had good knowledge about contraception. The three most frequently identified methods were injectable form (83.9%), oral contraceptive pills (72.7%) and condom (48.6%). A total of 15.7% respondents ever used contraceptive. Among the users, 56.4% used oral contraceptive pills, and 23.1 and 10.2% used injectable form and condom, respectively. In spite of the fact that most respondents had good knowledge of contraception, their attitude and practice was low. Emphasis needs to be given on disseminating health information concerning the attitude and practice of contraceptive method.

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