837 Short Chain Fatty Acid Profiles Are Altered by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. S484-S485
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Allegretti ◽  
Benjamin Mullish ◽  
Jonathan Hurtado ◽  
Madeline Carrellas ◽  
Jenna Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Screening and Selection to Choose the Optimal Donor

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bibbò ◽  
Carlo Romano Settanni ◽  
Serena Porcari ◽  
Enrico Bocchino ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

In the past decade, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has rapidly spread worldwide in clinical practice as a highly effective treatment option against recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Moreover, new evidence also supports a role for FMT in other conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, or metabolic disorders. Recently, some studies have identified specific microbial characteristics associated with clinical improvement after FMT, in different disorders, paving the way for a microbiota-based precision medicine approach. Moreover, donor screening has become increasingly more complex over years, along with standardization of FMT and the increasing number of stool banks. In this narrative review, we discuss most recent evidence on the screening and selection of the stool donor, with reference to recent studies that have identified specific microbiological features for clinical conditions such as Clostridioides difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders.

Comparison of Bacterial Composition, Concentration, and Metabolism of Short Chain Fatty Acid in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 5978-5984
Author(s):  
David Nugraha ◽  
Natasya Ariesta Selyardi Putri ◽  
Visuddho Visuddho ◽  
Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which consists of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestine. The etiology is heterogeneous and multifactorial, including genetic susceptibility, immune-mediated tissue damage, and changes of lumen microenvironment, especially short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. Several studies reported a decrease in SCFA concentration in both CD and UC. In fact, SCFAs has important roles in accelerating disease remission. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the changes in SCFA concentration, the composition of SCFA-producing bacteria, and SCFA metabolism in IBD. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL by selecting studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality and risk of bias assessment were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Overall, 160 UC and 127 CD patients from 5 studies were reviewed. The SCFA concentration was significantly reduced (p <0.05) in both PC and UC. Moreover, there was a decrease in major SCFA-producing bacteria. Clostridium coccoides were significantly decreased in the feces of active UC (p = 0.015) and CD (p = 0.04). Clostridium leptum was decreased on intestinal mucosal biopsy of active CD and UC (p <0.0001). Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were decreased in active CD faeces (p <0.0001) and UC (p = 0.0001). Butyrate oxidation rate was also reported to decrease in UC compared to control (p<0.0001). In conclusion, the ability of major SCFA-producing bacterial production in IBD was diminished, which implies a decreased protective and anti-inflammatory effect of SCFA that altered its metabolism.

Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent C. Difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raseen Tariq ◽  
Molly B Disbrow ◽  
John K Dibaise ◽  
Robert Orenstein ◽  
Srishti Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Indeterminate Colitis ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with poor outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Data are scarce on efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for recurrent CDI in IBD patients. Methods We reviewed health records of IBD patients (18 years of age or older) with recurrent CDI who underwent FMT. Outcomes of FMT for CDI were assessed on the basis of symptoms and stool test results. Results We included 145 patients (75 women [51.7%]; median age, 46 years). Median IBD duration was 8 (range, 0–47) years, 36.6% had Crohn disease, 61.4% had ulcerative colitis, and 2.1% had indeterminate colitis. Median number of prior CDI episodes was 3 (range, 3–20), and 61.4% had received vancomycin taper. Diarrhea resolved after FMT in 48 patients (33.1%) without further testing. Ninety-five patients (65.5%) underwent CDI testing owing to post-FMT recurrent diarrhea; 29 (20.0%) had positive results. After FMT, 2 patients received empiric treatment of recurrent CDI without symptom resolution, suggesting IBD was the cause of symptoms. The overall cure rate of CDI after FMT was 80.0%, without CDI recurrence at median follow-up of 9.3 (range, 0.1–51) months. Forty-three patients (29.7%) had planned IBD therapy escalation after CDI resolution; none de-escalated or discontinued IBD therapy. Overall, 7.6% had worsening IBD symptoms after FMT that were treated as new IBD flares. No clinical predictors of FMT failure were identified. Conclusions Few patients had new IBD flare after FMT. Fecal microbiota transplantation effectively treats recurrent CDI in IBD patients but has no apparent beneficial effect on the IBD course.

scholarly journals The trans-kingdom battle between donor and recipient gut microbiome influences fecal microbiota transplantation outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Kazemian ◽  
Milad Ramezankhani ◽  
Aarushi Sehgal ◽  
Faizan Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Amir Hossein Zeinali Kalkhoran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Fundamental restoration ecology and community ecology theories can help us better understand the underlying mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and to better design future microbial therapeutics for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI) and other dysbiosis-related conditions. In this study, stool samples were collected from donors and rCDI patients one week prior to FMT (pre-FMT), as well as from patients one week following FMT (post-FMT). Using metagenomic sequencing and machine learning, our results suggested that FMT outcome is not only dependent on the ecological structure of the recipients, but also the interactions between the donor and recipient microbiomes at the taxonomical and functional levels. We observed that the presence of specific bacteria in donors (Clostridioides spp., Desulfovibrio spp., Odoribacter spp. and Oscillibacter spp.) and the absence of fungi (Yarrowia spp.) and bacteria (Wigglesworthia spp.) in recipients prior to FMT could predict FMT success. Our results also suggested a series of interlocked mechanisms for FMT success, including the repair of the disturbed gut ecosystem by transient colonization of nexus species followed by secondary succession of bile acid metabolizers, sporulators, and short chain fatty acid producers.

Fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Jonathan P Segal ◽  
Benjamin H Mullish ◽  
Mohammed N Quraishi ◽  
Serena Porcari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the infusion of feces from a healthy donor into the gut of a recipient to treat a dysbiosis-related disease. FMT has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection, but increasing evidence supports the role of FMT in other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The aim of this review is to paint the landscape of current evidence of FMT in different fields of application (including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, liver disorders, decolonization of multidrug-resistant bacteria, metabolic disorders and neurological disorders), as well as to discuss the current regulatory scenario of FMT, and hypothesize future directions of FMT.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation reconstructs the gut microbiota of septic mice and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Gai ◽  
Huawei Wang ◽  
Yaqing Li ◽  
Haotian Zhao ◽  
Cong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been hypothesized to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis may be the key factor. Previous studies has confirmed that microbiome is markedly altered in critical illness. We aimed to confirm the existence of gut microbiota imbalance in the early stage of sepsis, observe the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on sepsis, and explore whether FMT can reconstruct the GM of septic mice and restore its protective function on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Through the study of flora, mucus layer, tight junction, immune barrier, and short-chain fatty acid changes in septic mice and fecal microbiota transplanted mice, we found that GM imbalance exists early in sepsis. FMT can improve morbidity and effectively reduce mortality in septic mice. After the fecal bacteria were transplanted, the abundance and diversity of the gut flora were restored, and the microbial characteristics of the donors changed. FMT can effectively reduce epithelial cell apoptosis, improve the composition of the mucus layer, upregulate the expression of tight junction proteins, and reduce intestinal permeability and the inflammatory response, thus protecting the intestinal barrier function. After FMT, Lachnospiraceae contributes the most to intestinal protection through enhancement of the L-lysine fermentation pathway, resulting in the production of acetate and butanoate, and may be the key bacteria for short-chain fatty acid metabolism and FMT success.

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