scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Arc Motion Between Two Parallel Runners with Splitter Plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
J. Lu ◽  
J.-J. Gonzalez ◽  
P. Freton ◽  
M. Benmouffok ◽  
P. Fort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Splitter Plates

In this paper, we present an experimental study in a simplified arc chamber geometry of Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker (LVCB). The influence of vent aperture on arc motion and the influence of splitter plates on arc voltage drop and arc motion are studied. The arc chamber is composed by two parallel arc runners and following the configuration chosen by one or two splitter plates. The experimental setup is completed by a generator (capacitor bench with triggered switch), a high-speed camera and electrical measurements. The arc ignition, arc displacement, arc splitting and arc re-strike have been observed. The results will be described and discussed for different experimental configurations.

scholarly journals Experimental and Simulation Studies on the Voltage Drop of Arc in Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Splitters

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
J. Lu ◽  
G. Déplaude ◽  
P. Freton ◽  
J-J. Gonzalez ◽  
P. Joyeux
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
A Current

In low voltage circuit breaker (LVCB) apparatus, a current limitation is performed by increasing the arc voltage. This increase is mainly realized in the splitters plates of the arc chamber by additional drop voltages due to anode and cathode sheaths regions. The consideration of the voltage drops near-electrodes regions is so one of the most important mechanism to improve the description of the arc behavior in LVCB. In this paper, the arc voltage evolution has been studied by experimental and simulation by considering a simple geometry constituted by two rails runner with one or two splitters plates. One magneto hydrodynamic model in three dimensions (3D) was developed to simulate the arc motion and the arc splitting process. In order to compare with the model results, experimental tests have been carried out.

scholarly journals 3D Analysis of Low-Voltage Gas-Filled DC Switch Using Simplified Arc Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gortschakow ◽  
D. Gonzalez ◽  
S. Yu ◽  
F. Werner
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Plasma Model ◽  
Arc Model ◽  
Arc Current ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Electro-magnetic simulations have been used for the visualization of distribution of Lorentz force acting on a DC switching arc in low-voltage contactor. A simplified plasma model (black-box model) was applied for the description of arc conductivity. Arc geometry was gained from the high-speed camera images. Influence of arc position, arc current and of external magnetic field has been studied. Results have been compared with optical observations of the arc dynamics.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of a gel fuel combustion process initiated by a hot particle

2018 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 00025
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nigay ◽  
Dmitriy Glushkov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Experimental studies were performed for crude oil-based fuel samples. The initial temperature of the samples varied down to 120 K. Ignition was performed by single metal particles of various shapes and temperatures, which reached 1350 K. A specially developed experimental setup allowed recording of the proceeding processes at a high speed. As a result, the characteristics of physical and chemical processes were analysed. Conditions necessary for stable ignition and ignition delay times were determined depending on various conditions.

scholarly journals 2D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD IN LOW-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1060
Author(s):  
ELENA OTILIA VIRJOGHE ◽  
MIHAIL FLORIN STAN ◽  
COSMIN COBIANU ◽  
NICOLAE FIDEL
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Splitter Plates ◽  
And Control

Low Voltage Circuit Breakers is used for the switching process in power distribution and control system. This process is accompanied by the occurrence of the electric arc between the fixed and mobile contact pieces of the apparatus. The electric arc is introduced into the quenching chamber formed of ferromagnetic iron splitter plates, divided into short arcs and then the arc may extinguish after passing the current through zero. Behavior of the electric arc in the extinguishing chamber influences the performance of these devices, the ferromagnetic material leading to the improvement of these performances. This article presents the calculation of the magnetic field components in the extinguishing chamber of the low-voltage circuit breaker of the 2000 A, 690 V manufactured by Schneider Electric and to describe the physical phenomenon and mathematical calculation of the electric arc in LVCB. The Ansys Multiphysics program is used to determine the spectrum of magnetic field components. This program is based on the finite element method for solving Maxwell equations.

Test Point Switch in Low Voltage Electrical Transient Performances Detection Technical Improvement Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang Du ◽  
Cong Jia ◽  
Chao Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Contact Switch

This article introduces, in low voltage circuit breaker on the switch instantaneous performance detecting station, in order to adapt to the requirement of modern high-speed automated production test, the main factors affecting the detection speed - switch measurement point method is studied, the improvement, the existing method of "contact switch" to replace "non-contact switch method, through theoretical derivation and experimental proof, proved that the new method is feasible and economical.

scholarly journals Influence of Varying Gaps Between TMF Contacts on Constricted High Current Vacuum Arcs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
B. Kühn ◽  
B. Weber ◽  
D. Gentsch ◽  
M. Kurrat
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
High Current ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Vacuum Circuit Breaker ◽  
Vacuum Test ◽  
Transversal Magnetic

The behavior of high current arcs in vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) is interesting for research and industrial development purpose which lead to further products. To improve the interruption capability of VCB, two approaches to control the arc have been proven successful. Applying transversal magnetic fields (TMF) on the arc is use for industrial VCB in medium voltage ranges. For greater gap distances the behavior of the arc is less thoroughly investigated. <br /> In this paper, the appearance of metal vapor arcs drawn by common TMF contacts in a vacuum-test-interrupter is investigated. An adapted drive mechanism enables to interrupt a fixed current with varying gaps from 5 to 25 mm and a constant opening time. Breaking operations with a 50 Hz current are observed with a high speed camera. With increasing gap distance a changed arc appearance can be observed. The goals of this work are to be understood as a feasibility study for optical evaluation methods for vacuum arcs under TMF.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on the Arc Characteristics and Arc Quenching Capabilities of C5F10O-CO2 Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Z. Guo ◽  
F. Tang ◽  
Q. Lv ◽  
X. Li ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Inverse Transformation ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Arc Characteristics ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
The Stability

C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> mixtures are possible alternatives to SF<sub>6</sub> - which has a high global warming potential - as the interruption medium in gas circuit breakers. This paper experimentally studies the arcing characteristics of C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> mixture, with an experimental model with viewing windows, and measures the arc voltage, current and emission spectrum. The arc evolution process is captured with a high speed camera through an inspection window. The two-dimensional distribution of arc is obtained and analyzed by the inverse transformation of Abel. The results show that, the C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> mixture arc is more volatile than SF<sub>6</sub> gas, and adding C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O into CO<sub>2</sub> improves the stability of the arc, and significantly reduces the arc temperature.

scholarly journals Electrical Modelling of Switching Arcs in a Low Voltage Relay at Low Currents

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6377
Author(s):  
Ammar Najam ◽  
Petrus Pieterse ◽  
Dirk Uhrlandt
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Intense Radiation

The arc behaviour of short, low current switching arcs is not well understood and lacks a reliable model. In this work, the behaviour of an arc in the air is studied during contact separation at low DC currents (0.5 A to 20 A) and for small gap lengths (0 mm to 6 mm). The experiments are performed on a low voltage relay with two different electrode configurations. The arc voltage is measured during the opening of the contacts at constant current. The arc length is determined optically by tracing the mean path of the arc over time from a series of high-speed images. From the synchronised data of voltage vs. distance, first a sudden jump of the voltage at the start of contact opening is observed. Secondly, a sudden change in the voltage gradient occurs as the arc is elongated. Short arcs with a length up to approximately 1.25 mm show an intense radiation in the overall gap region and high voltage gradients. An unexpected behaviour never reported before was observed for longer arcs at low current: Two characteristic regions occur, a region in front of the cathode, with a length of approximately 1.25 mm, having an intense radiation and a high voltage gradient as well as a region of much lower radiation intensity and a comparatively lower voltage gradient in the remaining gap area despite a small anode spot region. The characteristic border of approximately 1.25 mm is almost independent of the current. A generalised arc voltage model is proposed based on the assumption that a constant sheath voltage and two discrete field regions exist, which are modelled as two independent linear functions of voltage vs. length. The data for various currents is combined to yield a general non-linear function for predicting the arc voltage vs. arc length and current.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of low voltage Arc Motion Process at Various Frequencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
J. Yin ◽  
X. Li ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Splitter Plate ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Splitter Plates ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Motion Process ◽  
Peak Increase

A three-dimensional (3D) magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) model of air arc plasma is built to investigate the frequency effects on the arc motion process with different number of splitter plates. Based on this model, the arc voltage and current density are obtained. The arc motion time is normalized with the frequency and compared at different numbers of splitter plate. The result shows that the normalized time and the arc voltage peak increase with increases of the number of splitter plate.

scholarly journals USING EXPANDING SPHERICAL FLAMES METHOD TO MEASURE THE UNSTRETCHED LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITIES OF LPG-AIR MIXTURES

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Manh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Laminar Flames ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Schlieren System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spherical Flames

In the present study, a technique making expanding spherical flames in a constant volume combustion bomb is presented for determining burning velocities of unstretched laminar flames, and applied to liquefy petroleum gas (LPG)-air mixtures. The experimental setup consists of a cylindrical combustion chamber coupled to a classical schlieren system. Flame pictures are recorded by a high speed camera. The laminar burning velocities of LPG-air mixtures are measured over a wide range of preheat temperatures, initial pressures and equivalence ratios. The effects of these initial conditions on the laminar burning velocities are also examined in this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document