scholarly journals Assessing SDG indicator 6.4.2 ‘level of water stress’ at major basins level

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Biancalani ◽  
Michela Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Global Information ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Global Information System ◽  
Major River ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Definition Of

This paper describes a method to disaggregate indicator 6.4.2 (level of water stress) by major river basins. The analysis was performed using the GlobWat soil water balance model and global geospatial data consistent with national statistics published in AQUASTAT, the FAO’s global information system on water and agriculture. When a river basin spans across more than one country, the water stress calculated by country can be very different from that calculated by the river basin as the counting of the renewable freshwater resources from one country to another is highly dependent on the official agreement and treaties that regulate the flow of those resources between countries. This problem is solved hydrologically once the accounting of the water resources is done on the major river basin as a whole. The disaggregation by the river basin allows the identification of hotspots where actions should be prioritised and reveals that the area affected by a high or critical water stress spans across all continents with the exception of Oceania. It also offers the possibility of an analysis of freshwater withdrawals by sector, which may become crucial for the definition of water management policies in the context of the economic development of a country.

scholarly journals Assessing SDG indicator 6.4.2 “level of water stress” at major basins level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Biancalani ◽  
MIchela Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Global Information ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Global Information System ◽  
Major River ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Definition Of

This paper describes a method to disaggregate the indicator 6.4.2 (level of water stress) by major river basin. The analysis was performed using the GlobWat soil water balance model and global geospatial data consistent with national statistics published in AQUASTAT, the FAO’s global information system on water and agriculture. When a river basin spans across more than one country, the water stress calculated by country can be very different from that calculated by river basin since the counting of the renewable freshwater resources from one country to another is highly dependent on the official agreement and treaties that regulate the flow of those resources between countries. This problem is hydrologically solved once the accounting of the water resources is done on the major river basin as a whole. The disaggregation by river basin allows the identification of hotspots where actions should be prioritized and reveals that the area affected by a high or critical water stress spans across all continents with the exception of Oceania. It offers also the possibility of an analysis of freshwater withdrawals by sector, which may become crucial for the definition of water management policies in the context of the economic development of a country.

scholarly journals Assessing SDG indicator 6.4.2 “level of water stress” at major basins level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Biancalani ◽  
Michela Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Global Information ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Global Information System ◽  
Major River ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Definition Of

This paper describes a method to disaggregate the indicator 6.4.2 (level of water stress) by major river basin. The analysis was performed using the GlobWat soil water balance model and global geospatial data consistent with national statistics published in AQUASTAT, the FAO’s global information system on water and agriculture. When a river basin spans across more than one country, the water stress calculated by country can be very different from that calculated by river basin since the counting of the renewable freshwater resources from one country to another is highly dependent on the official agreement and treaties that regulate the flow of those resources between countries. This problem is hydrologically solved once the accounting of the water resources is done on the major river basin as a whole. The disaggregation by river basin allows the identification of hotspots where actions should be prioritized and reveals that the area affected by a high or critical water stress spans across all continents with the exception of Oceania. It offers also the possibility of an analysis of freshwater withdrawals by sector, which may become crucial for the definition of water management policies in the context of the economic development of a country.

scholarly journals How Inter-Basin Transfer of Water Alters Basin Water Stress Used for Water Footprint Characterization

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Shinjiro Yano ◽  
Toshio Okazumi ◽  
Yoshihisa Iwasaki ◽  
Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Kenichi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Characterization Factors ◽  
Major River ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Water footprint assessments contribute to a better understanding of potential environmental impacts related to water and have become essential in water management. The methodologies for characterizing such assessments, however, usually fail to reflect temporal and spatial variations at local scales. In this paper, we employ four widely-used characterization factors, which were originally developed with global estimates of water demand and availability, to evaluate the impact that inter-basin transfer (IBT) of water has on water risk assessments and, consequently, on the evaluation of the soundness of water cycle. The study was conducted for two major river basins in Japan, where diversion channels were built to move water from the Tone river basin to the Arakawa river basin. Considering IBT, the available water in the Arakawa river basin increases a 45%, reducing the characterization factors a 44% on average and denoting their tendency to overestimate the risk in this basin, while the Tone river basin increased the characterization factors a 28% on average by IBT. Moreover, with a simple example we show how ambiguity in the definition of some characterization factors may cause significant changes in the result of the assessments. Finally, we concluded that local water footprint characterization can be more helpful in local assessment of water resources if the results are unanimous, Targetable, Replicable, Ameliorable, Comparable, and Engageable (uTRACE).

Socioeconomic Challenges faced by Basin’s People in India

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Biplab Tripathy ◽  
Tanmoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
High Tide ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
Basin Area

India is a subcontinent, there huge no of people lived in river basin area. In India there more or less 80% of people directly or indirectly depend on River. Ganga, Brahamputra in North and North East and Mahanadi, Govabori, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmoda, Tapti, Mahi in South are the major river basin in India. There each year due to flood and high tide lots of people are suffered in river basin region in India. These problems destroy the socio economic peace and hope of the people in river basin. There peoples are continuously suffered by lots of difficulties in sort or in long term basis. Few basin regions are always in high alert at the time of monsoon seasons. Sometime due to over migration from basin area, it becomes empty and creates an ultimate loss of resources in India and causes a dis-balance situation in this area.

Characteristics of Total Maximum Daily Loads management system in Korea: status and future

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
K.M. Poo ◽  
J.H. Im ◽  
B.K. Park ◽  
Y.S. Kim ◽  
C.K. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Total Maximum Daily Loads ◽  
Major River ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Maximum Daily Loads ◽  
Total Maximum

In Korea, there are four major rivers which are the most important water resources for 45 million peoples. To preserve the water quality, several water management policies had been adapted but they had been not successful because of focusing only on point source pollutants. With the establishment of the special act for four major rivers in 2002, which defined four watersheds, the watershed management was regularized. A Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) management system was introduced to control point and non-point source pollutants, and has been implemented for three major river watersheds from 2002 except the Han-river watershed, which is adopting the system voluntarily. This paper provides an overview of TMDLs management system and the implementation process and its progress in Korea. Also the next step for improving the management system is discussed.

Estimation of mass and energy balance of glaciers using a distributed energy balance model over the Chandra river basin (Western Himalaya)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Patel ◽  
Ajanta Goswami ◽  
Jaydeo K. Dharpure ◽  
Meloth Thamban ◽  
Parmanand Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Distributed Energy

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamic Assessment by NDVI and Field Observations for Sustainability of China’s Wulagai River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Huamin Liu ◽  
Zongming Wang ◽  
Dehua Mao ◽  
Cunzhu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Impact

Accurate monitoring of grassland vegetation dynamics is essential for ecosystem restoration and the implementation of integrated management policies. A lack of information on vegetation changes in the Wulagai River Basin restricts regional development. Therefore, in this study, we integrated remote sensing, meteorological, and field plant community survey data in order to characterize vegetation and ecosystem changes from 1997 to 2018. The residual trend (RESTREND) method was utilized to detect vegetation changes caused by human factors, as well as to evaluate the impact of the management of pastures. Our results reveal that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each examined ecosystem type showed an increasing trend, in which anthropogenic impact was the primary driving force of vegetation change. Our field survey confirmed that the meadow steppe ecosystem increased in species diversity and aboveground biomass; however, the typical steppe and riparian wet meadow ecosystems experienced species diversity and biomass degradation, therefore suggesting that an increase in NDVI may not directly reflect ecosystem improvement. Selecting an optimal indicator or indicator system is necessary in order to formulate reasonable grassland management policies for increasing the sustainability of grassland ecosystems.

Interval Breast Cancers in the NHS Breast Screening Programme: Does the Current Definition Exclude Too Many?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Faux ◽  
D C Richardson ◽  
G M Lawrence ◽  
M E Wheaton ◽  
M G Wallisconsultant
Keyword(s):  
Breast Screening ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Interval Cancers ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Screening Unit ◽  
Cancer Rates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Objectives— To examine the impact of the definition of interval breast cancers on interval cancer rates arising from the prevalent (first) screening round. Design— Interval breast cancers arising from the prevalent (first) screening round at the Warwickshire, Solihull and Coventry Breast Screening Unit (17 April 1989 to 31 March 1992) were identified by comparison of data held at the unit with records at the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit. Exclusion criteria used in National statistics were applied to this sample to quantify their impact on achieved interval cancer rates. The round lengths experienced by individual women at the unit were determined from the prevalent and incident invitation dates for 155 women with incident (re-screen) breast cancers detected in the second round. Setting— Warwickshire, Solihull and Coventry Breast Screening Unit. Subects—59 017 women screened between 17 April 1989 and 31 March 1992 with a negative screening result and 155 women with incident screen detected cancers. Results— A total of 278 interval cancers were identified, giving an overall rate from the prevalent screening round of 47.1/10 000 women screened. Of these, 213 met the criteria used in the definition of interval cancers for National statistics and were termed “core” interval cancers. The overall “core” interval rate was 36.1/10 000 women screened, similar to interval cancer rates found in the north west of United Kingdom. Thus applying commonly used exclusion criteria produced a 23.4% reduction in the apparent interval cancer rate, with the largest decrease resulting from the exclusion of cancers arising at 36 months or more from the last screen. Conclusions— The exclusion criteria used in the definition of interval cancers have a significant impact on observed interval cancer rates. Of particular concern is the exclusion in the current National definitions of cancers arising at 36 months or more from the last screen, which may mask a problem with significant implications for the success of the NHSBSP.

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