Predicted Dynamic and Structural Criterion of Evaluation of Gravitational Waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M Zhussupov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Physical Vacuum ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Structural Criterion ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Fundamental Physical

The cosmic (physical) vacuum according to modern data possesses the properties of a material medium. In combination with the celestial bodies, this medium is capable of forming dynamic structures. Presumably, these structures have a wave nature, and in their development, the gravitational waves, emitted by the stars and their planetary systems can take part. It is believed that physical vacuum is almost weightless matter. However, this study postulates its high density, as a condition for adaptation of the fundamental physical laws for different mediums and substances. The product of this density and gravitational constant gives vent to the frequency, which is entitled to the probable frequency of the gravitational wave background of space and equals to .06 Hz (rounded). The supposed spectrum of gravity waves of the solar system could become a model for the spectral analysis of extra-solar systems and the evaluation of habitable planets.

Comparison of fundamental physical properties of the model cells (protocells) and the living cells reveals the need in protophysiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

AbstractA hypothesis is proposed about potassium ponds being the cradles of life enriches the gamut of ideas about the possible conditions of pre-biological evolution on the primeval Earth, but does not bring us closer to solving the real problem of the origin of life. The gist of the matter lies in the mechanism of making a delimitation between two environments – the intracellular environment and the habitat of protocells. Since the sodium–potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) was discovered, no molecular model has been proposed for a predecessor of the modern sodium pump. This has brought into life the idea of the potassium pond, wherein protocells would not need a sodium pump. However, current notions of the operation of living cells come into conflict with even physical laws when trying to use them to explain the origin and functioning of protocells. Thus, habitual explanations of the physical properties of living cells have become inapplicable to explain the corresponding properties of Sidney Fox's microspheres. Likewise, existing approaches to solving the problem of the origin of life do not see the need for the comparative study of living cells and cell models, assemblies of biological and artificial small molecules and macromolecules under physical conditions conducive to the origin of life. The time has come to conduct comprehensive research into the fundamental physical properties of protocells and create a new discipline – protocell physiology or protophysiology – which should bring us much closer to solving the problem of the origin of life.

scholarly journals What limits limits?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Chun Liu ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Yun-Feng Xiao ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Cheng-Wei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Abstract Physical systems are usually constrained by a variety of limits originating from fundamental physical laws. Breaking a limit typically represents a breakthrough in the related research field. We review different limits in physical systems and discuss the scenarios of “breaking the limit” in three categories, which clarify some mis-interpretations and ambiguities in the literatures.

Emergent Causal Laws and Physical Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-635
Author(s):  
Ranpal Dosanjh
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Causal Laws ◽  
Strong Emergentism ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

AbstractContrasting accounts of physicalism and strong emergentism face two problems. According to the neutrality problem, contrasting supervenience-based formulations of these positions cannot be neutral with respect to certain unrelated metaphysical commitments. According to the collapse problem, emergent properties can be accounted for using an appropriately expansive physical ontology, rendering strong emergentism metaphysically suspect. I argue that both these problems can be solved with a principled distinction between emergent causal laws and physical laws. I propose such a distinction based on a finite discontinuity in the behavior of fundamental physical constituents as a function of complexity.

scholarly journals PULSAR TIMING ARRAYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1341008 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHAL CHANDRA JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Radio Pulsars ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Pulsar Timing Array ◽  
Current Operating

In the last decade, the use of an ensemble of radio pulsars to constrain the characteristic strain caused by a stochastic gravitational wave background has advanced the cause of detection of very low frequency gravitational waves (GWs) significantly. This electromagnetic means of GW detection, called Pulsar Timing Array (PTA), is reviewed in this paper. The principle of operation of PTA, the current operating PTAs and their status are presented along with a discussion of the main challenges in the detection of GWs using PTA.

Review of the possible role of self-ordering scalar fields in production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 1541005
Author(s):  
James B. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Inflationary Cosmology ◽  
Tensor Power ◽  
Stochastic Background ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background

A primordial gravitational wave background is a hallmark of inflationary cosmology. The recent announcement made by the BICEP2 collaboration of a possible measurement of B-mode polarization of the CMB on degree scales has produced an abundance of ideas and speculations on how such a signal constrains the inflationary paradigm, or possible alternative mechanisms of gravitational wave production. Here the possibility of a contribution to the gravitational wave background from the relaxation of a scalar field after a global phase transition is reviewed. The general contribution to the overall power is shown, and it is then demonstrated that if the BICEP2 result were to hold, this mechanism could at best produce a very small fraction of the measured tensor power.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE IMAGING BY GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIO FARAONI
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Gravitational Lenses ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background

Gravitational waves act like lenses for the light propagating through them. This phenomenon is described using the vector formalism employed for ordinary gravitational lenses, which was proved to be applicable also to a nonstationary spacetime, with the appropriate modifications. In order to have multiple imaging an approximate condition analogous to that for ordinary gravitational lenses must be satisfied. Certain astrophysical sources of gravitational waves satisfy this condition, while the gravitational wave background, on average, does not. Multiple imaging by gravitational waves is, in principle, possible, but the probability of observing such a phenomenon is extremely low.

scholarly journals Principles of Gravitational-Wave Detection with Pulsar Timing Arrays

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2418
Author(s):  
Michele Maiorano ◽  
Francesco De Paolis ◽  
Achille A. Nucita
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Square Kilometer Array ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Pulsar Timing Array

Pulsar timing uses the highly stable pulsar spin period to investigate many astrophysical topics. In particular, pulsar timing arrays make use of a set of extremely well-timed pulsars and their time correlations as a challenging detector of gravitational waves. It turns out that pulsar timing arrays are particularly sensitive to ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves, which makes them complementary to other gravitational-wave detectors. Here, we summarize the basics, focusing especially on supermassive black-hole binaries and cosmic strings, which have the potential to form a stochastic gravitational-wave background in the pulsar timing array detection band, and the scientific goals on this challenging topic. We also briefly outline the recent interesting results of the main pulsar timing array collaborations, which have found strong evidence of a common-spectrum process compatible with a stochastic gravitational-wave background and mention some new perspectives that are particularly interesting in view of the forthcoming radio observatories such as the Five hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, the MeerKAT telescope, and the Square Kilometer Array.

THE POLARIZATION OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND DUE TO PRIMORDIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2459-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN G. KEATING ◽  
ALEXANDER G. POLNAREV ◽  
NATHAN J. MILLER ◽  
DEEPAK BASKARAN
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Microwave Background ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Primordial Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cmb Polarization ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Rule Out

We review current observational constraints on the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), with a particular emphasis on detecting the signature of primordial gravitational waves. We present an analytic solution to the Polanarev approximation for CMB polarization produced by primordial gravitational waves. This simplifies the calculation of the curl, or B-mode power spectrum associated with gravitational waves during the epoch of cosmological inflation. We compare our analytic method to existing numerical methods and also make predictions for the sensitivity of upcoming CMB polarization observations to the inflationary gravitational wave background. We show that upcoming experiments should be able either detect the relic gravitational wave background or completely rule out whole classes of inflationary models.

scholarly journals Constraining the nanohertz gravitational wave background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Ryan Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Pulsar Timing Array ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe direct detection of gravitational waves will usher in a new era of astrophysics, enabling the study of regions of the universe opaque to electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetically quiet. An ensemble of pulsars (referred to as a pulsar timing array) provides a set of clocks distributed across the Galaxy sensitive to gravitational waves with periods on the order of five years (frequencies of many nanohertz). Plausible source of gravitational waves in this frequency band include massive black hole binaries in the throes of mergers and oscillating cosmic strings. The stochastic gravitational wave background, the sum of gravitational waves emitted throughout the universe, is the most likely signal to be detected by a pulsar timing array.While the detection of gravitational waves will be a milestone in pulsar astronomy, a constraining limit on the strength of the gravitational wave background can be used to constrain cosmological models and early Universe physics. Here we present a new algorithm that can be used to constrain the strength of the GWB with a pulsar timing array. We then apply this technique to Parkes Pulsar Timing Array observations and place a new limit on the strength of the GWB. We conclude by discussing the astrophysical implications of this limit and the prospects for detecting gravitational waves with pulsars.

scholarly journals Search for ultra-long gravitational waves in pulsars' rotational parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
Maxim S. Pshirkov
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rotational Frequency ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Residuals Analysis ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractA method is suggested to explore the gravitational wave background (GWB) in the frequency range from 10−12 to 10−8 Hz. That method is based on the precise measurements of pulsars' rotational parameters: the influence of the gravitational waves (GW) in the range will affect them and therefore some conclusions about energy density of the GWB can be made using analysis of the derivatives of pulsars' rotational frequency. The calculated values of the second derivative from a number of pulsars limit the density of GWB Ωgw as follows: Ωgwh2 < 10−6. Also, the time series of the frequency ν of different pulsars in pulsar array can be cross-correlated pairwise in the same manner as in anomalous residuals analysis thus providing the possibility of GWB detection in ultra-low frequency range.

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