scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as an Alternative Protein Source for Animal Feed

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 069 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hari Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

<p class="awabstrak2">Increasing demand of protein source for animal feed, particularly fish meal and soybean meal has led to a problem in the future. It is a need to look for an alternative protein source, in order to meet amino acid requirements maintaining livestock production level. Insects possesing high quality, efficient dan rich protein content at all life stages such as Black Soldier Fly (BSF, <em>Hermetia illucens</em>) could be used as one of the alternatives. The flies grow and reproduce easily, have high feed efficiency and can be reared on bio-waste streams. These are neither pests nor vectors of diseases. Insect meal generally possesses levels of chemical contaminants which are below recommended maximum concentrations. The larvae have antibacterial (<em>Escherichia coli</em> O15:H7, <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar <em>Enteritidis</em>) and antiviral (enterovirus and adenovirus ) properties. Larvae of BSF could be scaled up easily and possess 40-50% protein content, including some essential amino acids that can be used to replace both fish meal and soybean meal in feed.</p>

Valorisation of organic waste material: growth performance of wild black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) reared on different organic wastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Nyakeri ◽  
H.J.O. Ogola ◽  
M.A. Ayieko ◽  
F.A. Amimo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Insects such as the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) are currently being promoted as an alternative protein source for animals and organic waste management agents. To play the dual roles sustainably, there is need to reduce reliance on wild BSF and develop an appropriate farming methodology for the insect. This study aimed at improving larvae production in a black soldier fly colony previously established from the wild in Kenya. The study explored the effect of four locally available organic wastes as feedstocks for production the black soldier fly larvae. Separate feeding trials on faecal sludge (FS), banana peelings (BP), brewer’s waste (BW) and restaurant food waste (FR) was done and their effect on BSF larvae growth rate, larvae weight, total prepupal yield in grams, crude protein and lipid (ether extract) content analysed. The efficiency of the BSF larvae to consume and therefore reduce the waste load of the different substrates was also evaluated. Results showed that BSF larvae fed on FR had significantly higher (P<0.05) total mean yield and average individual weight of 196.9±4.0 g and 0.101±0.002 g, respectively, followed by BW (154.8±6.5 g, 0.078±0.02 g), FS (138.7±5.0 g, 0.070±0.001 g) and with BP the lowest (108.9±5.6 g, 0.055±0.002 g). The harvested BSF larvae crude protein was significantly higher for FS and BW at 45.4±0.1% and 43.0±1.0%, respectively. However, ether extract content was variable and dependent on feedstock used with lower values reported for FS and BW (18.1±0.3% and 27.2%, respectively), and highest for food remains prepupa (36%). Dry matter reduction ranged between 50.3-81.8% with corresponding bioconversion and feed conversion rates ranging from 14.9-20.8% and 2.6-4.5, respectively, was achieved for the substrates used. These results indicated the potential of utilising BSF composting in valorisation of the local organic wastes for their bioremediation from the environment. Due to their availability in large quantities and their low cost, these organic wastes can form important feedstock resources for the sustainable production of BSF larvae as a future alternative protein source for both animal feeds at farm level and industrial scale. In conclusion, embracing nutrient recycling through BSF technology by resource-constrained farmers in Kenya will contribute to food security through supply of proteins for production of poultry and fish.

scholarly journals Nutritional Characteristics of Selected Insects in Uganda for Use as Alternative Protein Sources in Food and Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Bbosa ◽  
Catherine Tamale Ndagire ◽  
Ivan Muzira Mukisa ◽  
Komi K M Fiaboe ◽  
Dorothy Nakimbugwe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Food And Feed

Abstract Insects are potential ingredients for animal feed and human food. Their suitability may be influenced by species and nutritional value. This study was aimed at determining the nutritional profile of four insects: Dipterans; black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) family stratiomyidae and blue calliphora flies (Calliphora vomitoria Linnaeus) family Calliphoridae; and orthopterans; crickets (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus) family Gryllidae and grasshoppers (Ruspolia nitidula Linnaeus) family Tettigoniidae to establish their potential as alternative protein sources for animals (fish and poultry) and humans. Gross energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and total ash were in the ranges of 2028.11–2551.61 kJ/100 g, 44.31–64.90, 0.61–46.29, 5.075–16.61, 3.43–12.27, and 3.23–8.74 g/100 g, respectively. Hermetia illucens had the highest energy and ash content; C. vomitoria were highest in protein and fiber content, R. nitidula were highest in fat, whereas A. domesticus had the highest carbohydrate content. All insects had essential amino acids required for poultry, fish, and human nutrition. The arginine to lysine ratios of H. illucens, C. vomitoria, A. domesticus, and R. nitidula were 1.45, 1.06, 1.06, and 1.45, respectively. The fatty acids comprised of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Palmitic acid (23.6–38.8 g/100 g of total fat) was the most abundant SFA, exception R. nitidula with 14 g/100 g stearic acid. Linoleic acid (190–1,723 mg/100 g) and linolenic acid (650–1,903 mg/100 g) were the most abundant PUFAs. Only C. vomitoria had docosahexaenoic acid. The study indicates that the insects studied are rich in crude protein and other nutrients and can potentially be used for human and animal (fish and poultry) feeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of microwave-dried black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a dietary protein source in broiler chicken diets

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
B. Kim ◽  
H.R. Kim ◽  
Y.-C. Baek ◽  
C.H. Ryu ◽  
S.Y. Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Dietary Protein Source ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

Here, the effect of microwave-dried black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (HILM) as a dietary protein source on the growth performance and health of broilers was evaluated. A total of 126 male broilers were randomly allocated to three treatments (six replicates of seven birds per group): control diet (CON) of corn and soybean meal and two experimental diets in which soybean meal was replaced with 25% (25HILM) or 50% (50HILM) HILM. The broilers were slaughtered at 35 d to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID), volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles, and length and weight of the small intestine. Blood samples were collected from 36 randomly selected birds (12 broilers per treatment) to determine serum parameters and haematological traits. Average daily gain, feed intake, and AID of protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the 50HILM group compared with those in the CON group. Dietary HILM increased (P<0.05) the relative length of the entire digestive tract and total VFAs in the caecal digesta. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the lowest (P<0.01), but the triglyceride levels were the highest (P<0.05) in the 50HILM group. The serum phosphorus level was lower in both HILM diet-fed groups (P<0.01), whereas the creatine phosphokinase level was lower in the 50HILM group than in the CON group. In contrast, the 50HILM group showed higher (P<0.05) monocyte and red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation. In conclusion, dietary microwave-dried HILM positively influenced the VFA and cholesterol levels; however, growth performance was negatively affected by malnutrition caused by low protein digestibility in the 50HILM group. Microwave-dried HILM is a valuable ingredient for broiler diets, with up to 25% substitution showing no detrimental effects on growth performance and health. Further studies are needed to improve HILM digestibility.

scholarly journals Utilization of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) Larvae as a Protein Source for Fish Feed: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Nkirote Nairuti ◽  
Sonnia Nzilani Musyoka ◽  
Mourine Jesire Yegon ◽  
Mary Adhiambo Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
The Cost

Aquaculture plays a major role in curbing malnutrition and food insecurity. Nonetheless, aquaculture sustainability is threatened by expensive fish feeds due to the overreliance on fish meal (FM) as the main source of protein. Fish meal is not only expensive but also scarce due to declining capture fisheries and competition from other animal feed producers. This has prompted research on potential FM replacers, amongst them the black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens). The BSF larvae can effectively convert organic wastes into a potential valuable feed source, and its high nutritional content (crude protein of up to 64% dry matter) is vital for fish feed formulation. Nevertheless, there are no documented studies on the complete replacement of FM in the diets of fish using BSF larvae. Therefore, the current study reviewed 107 research publications related to BSF larvae vis-a-visfish feeds production to build capacity for existing theories, identify gaps, and suggest new and further research directions, based on the previous studies available in the area of larvae production and utilization in aquaculture nutrition. The study results are expected to help farmers make an informed decision on how to reduce the cost of fish production, increase yields, thus promoting food security, livelihoods, and ecological balance.

scholarly journals A high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas N Generalovic ◽  
Shane A McCarthy ◽  
Ian A Warren ◽  
Jonathan M D Wood ◽  
James Torrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Important Species

Abstract Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an increasingly important species for bioconversion of organic material into animal feed. We generated a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of the BSF using Pacific Bioscience, 10X Genomics linked read and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing technology. Scaffolding the final assembly with Hi-C data produced a highly contiguous 1.01 Gb genome with 99.75% of scaffolds assembled into pseudochromosomes representing seven chromosomes with 16.01 Mb contig and 180.46 Mb scaffold N50 values. The highly complete genome obtained a BUSCO completeness of 98.6%. We masked 67.32% of the genome as repetitive sequences and annotated a total of 16,478 protein-coding genes using the BRAKER2 pipeline. We analysed an established lab population to investigate the genomic variation and architecture of the BSF revealing six autosomes and an X chromosome. Additionally, we estimated the inbreeding coefficient (1.9%) of a lab population by assessing runs of homozygosity. This provided evidence for inbreeding events including long runs of homozygosity on chromosome five. Release of this novel chromosome-scale BSF genome assembly will provide an improved resource for further genomic studies, functional characterisation of genes of interest and genetic modification of this economically important species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document