Mealworm as an alternative protein source: potential for the processing of fish meal and soybean meal replacement feed on broiler performance

Increasing demand of protein source for animal feed, particularly fish meal and soybean meal has led to a problem in the future. It is a need to look for an alternative protein source, in order to meet amino acid requirements maintaining livestock production level. Insects possesing high quality, efficient dan rich protein content at all life stages such as Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) could be used as one of the alternatives. The flies grow and reproduce easily, have high feed efficiency and can be reared on bio-waste streams. These are neither pests nor vectors of diseases. Insect meal generally possesses levels of chemical contaminants which are below recommended maximum concentrations. The larvae have antibacterial (Escherichia coli O15:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis) and antiviral (enterovirus and adenovirus ) properties. Larvae of BSF could be scaled up easily and possess 40-50% protein content, including some essential amino acids that can be used to replace both fish meal and soybean meal in feed.

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Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2287

Author(s):

Wattana Wattanakul ◽

Karun Thongprajukaew ◽

Waraporn Hahor ◽

Naraid Suanyuk

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Protein Source ◽

Crude Lipid ◽

Red Tilapia ◽

Kernel Meal ◽

Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

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Pemanfaatan Tepung Silase Usus Ayam sebagai Substitusi Tepung Ikan dalam Formulasi Pakan Benih Patin Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus)

Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health ◽

10.20473/jafh.v8i1.12012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Tri Sukma

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Protein Source ◽

Feed Formulation ◽

Chicken Intestine ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

June July

The demand of fish meal as a protein source of feed increases with the increasing of fish culture activities, so this activities needed alternative protein sources to reduce the use of fish meal. The feed ingredient can be used as an alternative protein source is chicken intestine silage meal. The purpose of this research were to determine the percentage of chicken intestine silage meal to substitute fish meal in feed formulation of catfish fry based on the growth and feed efficiency. This research was conducted in June-July 2014 in the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Aquaculture Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Research methods using Completely Randomized Design with six treatments and three replications (A : commercial feed, B: 0% chicken intestine silage meal and 100% fish meal, C: 25% chicken intestine silage meal and 75% fish meal, D: 50% chicken intestine silage meal and 50% fish meal, E: 75% chicken intestine silage meal and 25% fish meal, F: 100% chicken intestine silage meal and 0% fish meal). Results showed the utilization of chicken intestine silage meal significant effect on growth and feed efficiency, but not significant on survival catfish fry. Utilization of chicken intestine silae meal could substitute 100% fish meal in feed formulation of catfish fry. During the study the water quality is still at normal level for the maintenance of catfish fry.

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Comparative efficacy of up to 50% partial fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal or enzymatically prepared soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/asj.12335 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 624-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jin Suk Jeong ◽

In Ho Kim

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Comparative Efficacy ◽

Meal Replacement ◽

Fermented Soybean Meal ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Fecal Microflora ◽

Fish Meal Replacement

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Dried fermented post-extraction rapeseed meal given to sows as an alternative protein source for soybean meal during pregnancy improves bone development of their offspring

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 60-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Tomaszewska ◽

S. Muszyński ◽

P. Dobrowolski ◽

D. Kamiński ◽

A. Czech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Bone Development ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Protein Source ◽

Alternative Protein

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Growing Trial of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles Fed on Chironomid Meal as a Partial Substitution for Fish Meal

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9040144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandra Roncarati ◽

Roberto Cappuccinelli ◽

Marina Meligrana ◽

Roberto Anedda ◽

Sergio Uzzau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Protein Source ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Insect meal derived from chironomid larvae and collected from aquatic environments was included in the feed of gilthead sea bream juveniles (75 ± 1.1 g) in a growth trial of 90 days. Three feeds, which were namely one control (L1) and two experimental diets (L2, L3), were analyzed and formulated as isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (13%). In L1, the protein source was mainly soybean meal (32%), followed by fish meal (20%), wheat meal (20%), gluten corn (17%), and hemoglobin (11%). In L2, the proportion of soybean meal was increased (33.5%), followed by gluten corn (21%), wheat meal (14%), and hemoglobin (11%), whereas the fish meal source was reduced (15%) due to the inclusion of chironomids (5%). In L3, the proportion of fish meal was further reduced (8%) and that of chironomid meal was increased to 10% of the protein source. The L2 and L3 groups showed similar growth performances with respect to the L1 group. The feed conversion rate was favorable in all the groups, ranging from 1.18 (L1) to 1.22 (L3). Survival rates varied from 93.62% (L3) to 94.31% (L1). Feed palatability showed similar results for all diets. Although the inclusion of chironomid meal was used in small quantities, our results suggest a significant advantage in replacing 50% of the fish meal with the chironomid meal for growing gilthead sea bream fishes.

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