scholarly journals Atherosclerotic disease and diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Malyn Martha Lilac Ketisha Antoine ◽  
Yancheng Xu ◽  
Dodji Kossi Djakpo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enzymatic Glycosylation

The macro-vascular complications (cardiovascular, neurovascular and peripheral vascular diseases) observed in diabetic patients usually develop secondary to the presence of atherosclerotic diseases. In diabetic patients chronically elevated blood glucose levels play a major role in contributing to the development of the disease; however, in addition to hyperglycaemia, other factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity also contribute to the development of this condition. Despite the fact that further research is required to fully establish the relationship between hyperglycaemia and the development of atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic patients, three major pathways have already been identified for the role they play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These pathways are identified as follows: 1. non-enzymatic glycosylation of lipids and proteins 2. oxidative stress 3.Protein kinase C. This review discusses how hyperglycaemia influences the development of atherosclerosis which further leads to the development of major vascular complications in diabetic patients. 

Investigating the Efficacy of Using Hand Tremors for Early Detection of Hypoglycemic Events: A Scoping Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Zahed ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Ranjana Mehta ◽  
Madhav Erraguntla ◽  
Mark Lawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes is a prevalent condition affecting millions of patients globally. Some diabetic patients suffer from a deadly condition called Hypoglycemia (sudden drop in blood glucose levels). Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) have been the most pervasive tool used to track blood glucose levels but these tools are invasive and costly. While early detection of hypoglycemia has been studied, current approaches do not leverage tremors; which are a primary symptom of hypoglycemia. A scoping review was conducted to understand the relationship between tremors and hypoglycemia, and to document any efforts that utilized tremor signatures non-invasively to detect hypoglycemic events. Findings suggest that hypoglycemic tremors are a medium frequency tremor, more resistant to hypoglycemic impairment than other symptoms, and have not been fully explored yet. This paper also documents the work in progress to utilize a novel wearable device that predicts the onsets of hypoglycemia using hand tremor sensing.

The Role of Protein Kinase C Activation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Vascular Complications

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong Yeol Park ◽  
Sung-Woo Ha ◽  
George L. King
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽  
Kinase C

Many vascular diseases in diabetes are known to be associated with the activation of the diacylglycerol (OAG)protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. The major source of OAG that is elevated in diabetes is de novo synthesis from glycolytic intermediates. Among the various PKC isoforms, the β-isoform has been shown to be persistently activated in diabetic animals. Multiple lines of evidence have shown that many vascular alterations in diabetes such as a decrease in the activity of Na+-K+ -adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase), and increases in extracellular matrix, cytokines, permeability, contractility, and cell proliferation -are caused by activation of PKC. Inhibition of PKC by two different kinds of PKC inhibitors, LY333531, a selective PKC-β-isoform inhibitor, and d-α-tocopherol, were able to prevent or reverse the various vascular dysfunctions in diabetic rats. These results have also provided in vivo evidence that OAG-PKC activation could be responsible for the hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunctions in diabetes. Clinical studies are now being performed to clarify the pathogenic roles of the OAG-PKC pathway in developing vascular complications in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Association between Glucose Levels and Intraocular Pressure: Pre- and Postprandial Analysis in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Guilherme Milesi Pimentel ◽  
Carolina P. B. Gracitelli ◽  
Leticia Sant’Ana Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Aline Katia Siqueira Souza ◽  
Tiago Santos Prata
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Capillary Glucose ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glucose levels and intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Seventeen nondiabetic and 20 diabetic subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, capillary glucose testing, and applanation tonometry in two distinct situations: first, fasting for at least 8 hours and, second, postprandial measurements. Baseline glucose levels were higher in diabetic patients (P<0.001). Postprandial IOP was significantly higher than baseline IOP in diabetic (P<0.001) and nondiabetic patients (P=0.006). Postprandial glucose levels were significantly higher than baseline measurements in both diabetic (P=0.005) and nondiabetic patients (P=0.015). There was a significant association between glucose levels variation and IOP change in both diabetic patients (R2=0.540;P<0.001) and nondiabetic individuals (R2=0.291;P=0.025). There is also a significant association between the baseline glucose levels and IOP change in diabetic group (R2=0.445;P=0.001). In a multivariable model, the magnitude of glucose level change remained significantly associated with IOP variation even including age, baseline IOP, ancestry, and gender as a confounding factor (P<0.001). We concluded that there is a significant association between blood glucose levels and IOP variation, especially in diabetic patients.

Glycosylated Hemoglobins and Diabetic Control Assessment

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Torre ◽  
David H. Schofield ◽  
Robert A. Mangione ◽  
Alain Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The historical development, biosynthesis, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations (HbA1 or HbA1c alone) are presented. The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin determinations and assessment of diabetic control is discussed. HbA1 and HbA1c levels are elevated approximately twofold in diabetic patients. A correlation exists between abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels and HbA1 concentrations. The results of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are not influenced by recent meals, physical activity, emotional stress, or inherited abnormalities. Although glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are subject to fewer variables than blood and urine glucose assessments, the clinician must be aware of the indications and limitations for their use. These indications and limitations are discussed.

Nutritional Interventions and Considerations for the Development of Low Calorie or Sugar Free Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Kajal Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Diet Plan

Diabetes is a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disease characterized by blood glucose levels higher than the normal levels. Sugar, a common constituent of diet, is also a major factor often responsible for elevating the glucose level in diabetic patients. However, diabetic patients are more prone to eat sweets amongst the human population. Therefore, we find a popular consumption of zero or low-calorie sweeteners, both natural and artificial. But, the uses of these sweeteners have proved to be controversial. Thus, the purpose of this review was to critically analyze and highlight the considerations needed for the development of sugar-free or low-calorie products for diabetic patients. For this purpose, various measures are taken such as avoiding sugary foods, using natural nectar, artificial sweeteners, etc. It cannot be ignored that many health hazards are associated with the overconsumption of artificial sweeteners only. These sweeteners are high-risk compounds and a properly balanced consideration needs to be given while making a diet plan for diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Self-Care IoT Platform for Diabetic Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Jai-Chang Park ◽  
Seongbeom Kim ◽  
Je-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Glucose Management ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic disease, and the number of patients has increased. To manage blood glucose levels, patients should frequently measure their blood glucose and analyze which lifestyle habits affect blood glucose levels. However, it is hard to record and analyze the relationship between their blood glucose levels and lifestyle. The internet of things (IoT) is useful to interconnect, monitor, obtain, and process data between various devices used in everyday life to fulfill a common objective. This paper proposes an intelligent self-care platform using IoT technology that helps patients with chronic diabetes manage their blood glucose levels in their target range. In particular, we developed various devices called the self-care IoT pack. It consists of five different types of devices to obtain blood glucose levels, physical activities, food intake, medication, sleeping, and so on. They can collect blood glucose levels with lifestyles that automatically impact the patient’s blood glucose level. We also devised a self-care application to display and analyze the data obtained from the IoT pack. Consequently, the proposed self-care IoT platform collects the blood glucose levels and the lifestyles without any burden of record. By reviewing the accumulated information, the patients can find bad habits in blood glucose management and improve their lifestyle.

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