scholarly journals How Contact Lenses Have Influenced Research Developments in Optics and Vision Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ian Cox, PhD ◽  
Pete Kollbaum, OD, PhD ◽  
Eric Papas, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Wavefront Aberrations ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Multifocal Lens

Initially, contact lenses were developed as the only viable option to provide improved vision for patients suffering from conditions which distortedthe corneal surface in an irregular fashion, rendering spectacle correction an unsatisfactory option. Developments in materials, fitting methods andmanufacturing technologies soon made contact lenses an appealing option for all spectacle wearers, particularly with the development of toricand multifocal lens options. Although the optical challenges of contact lenses appeared to be relatively straightforward in their early years, thedevelopment of improved in-vivo diagnostic and in-vitro metrology instrumentation led to a significantly greater understanding of the nature of theoptical errors (e.g. higher order wavefront aberrations) of the eye and contact lenses and the interactions between them when worn. The featuresof contact lenses having extremely steep curvatures and being aligned closely to the eye’s visual axis in all positions of gaze provide both uniquechallenges and opportunities for improving the visual performance of both physiological and pathological eyes, and have guided the efforts ofsignificant vison science research in more recent times.

Controlled bimatoprost release from graphene oxide laden contact lenses: In vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 112096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan A. Maulvi ◽  
Parth D. Soni ◽  
Pooja J. Patel ◽  
Ankita R. Desai ◽  
Ditixa T. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Lucy Urwin ◽  
Katarzyna Okurowska ◽  
Grace Crowther ◽  
Sanhita Roy ◽  
Prashant Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Corneal Infection ◽  
Infection Models

Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are known to colonise the corneal surface as biofilm populations. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Biofilm bacteria exhibit different phenotypic characteristics from their planktonic counterparts, including an increased resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. Therefore, understanding the role of biofilms will be essential in the development of new ophthalmic antimicrobials. A brief overview of biofilm-specific resistance mechanisms is provided, but this is a highly multifactorial and rapidly expanding field that warrants further research. Progression in this field is dependent on the development of suitable biofilm models that acknowledge the complexity of the ocular environment. Abiotic models of biofilm formation (where biofilms are studied on non-living surfaces) currently dominate the literature, but co-culture infection models are beginning to emerge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo corneal infection models have now been reported which use a variety of different experimental techniques and animal models. In this review, we will discuss existing corneal infection models and their application in the study of biofilms and host-pathogen interactions at the corneal surface.

scholarly journals Novel Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-Coated Silicone Contact Lenses to Improve Tear Volume During Lens Wear: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (29) ◽  
pp. 18148-18154
Author(s):  
Furqan A. Maulvi ◽  
Pooja J. Patel ◽  
Parth D. Soni ◽  
Ankita R. Desai ◽  
Ditixa T. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lens Wear

Extended release of ketotifen from silica shell nanoparticle-laden hydrogel contact lenses: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan A. Maulvi ◽  
Mayurkumar A. Mangukiya ◽  
Prachi A. Patel ◽  
Rutvi J. Vaidya ◽  
Akshay R. Koli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Silica Shell ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

In vivo and in vitro release of hyaluronan from contact lenses

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e12
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Scheuer ◽  
Krista M. Fridman ◽  
Stephanie Su-Brady ◽  
Lening Zhang ◽  
Susan E. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Vitro Release

scholarly journals Hypes and Hopes of Stem Cell Therapies in Dentistry: a Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Rodriguez y Baena ◽  
Andrea Casasco ◽  
Manuela Monti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Cell Therapies

AbstractOne of the most exciting advances in life science research is the development of 3D cell culture systems to obtain complex structures called organoids and spheroids. These 3D cultures closely mimic in vivo conditions, where cells can grow and interact with their surroundings. This allows us to better study the spatio-temporal dynamics of organogenesis and organ function. Furthermore, physiologically relevant organoids cultures can be used for basic research, medical research, and drug discovery. Although most of the research thus far focuses on the development of heart, liver, kidney, and brain organoids, to name a few, most recently, these structures were obtained using dental stem cells to study in vitro tooth regeneration. This review aims to present the most up-to-date research showing how dental stem cells can be grown on specific biomaterials to induce their differentiation in 3D. The possibility of combining engineering and biology principles to replicate and/or increase tissue function has been an emerging and exciting field in medicine. The use of this methodology in dentistry has already yielded many interesting results paving the way for the improvement of dental care and successful therapies. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals The Bio-Tribological Effect of Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid in the Lysozyme-Ionic Contact Lens System

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Chen-Ying Su ◽  
Lung-Kun Yeh ◽  
Chi-Chun Lai ◽  
Mihaela Dubuisson ◽  
Yi-Fei Tsao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Lubricating Property ◽  
Velocity Variations

Feeling comfortable is an important issue for contact lens wearers as contact lenses are worn for an extensive period of time. It has been shown that the in vitro friction coefficient of contact lenses is correlated to the degree of in vivo comfort, thus many studies focus on establishing friction testing methods for investigating the friction coefficient of contact lenses or contact lens care solution. We have previously demonstrated the lubricating property of poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-containing care solution, and it could reduce the high friction coefficient caused by lysozyme. However, the mechanism of how γ-PGA-containing care solution reduces the lysozyme-induced friction coefficient of contact lenses is unclear. We investigated the bio-tribological effect of γ-PGA on ionic contact lenses in the presence of lysozyme by testing load and velocity variations. The ability to remove lysozyme deposition by γ-PGA and viscosity analysis of γ-PGA-containing care solutions were also investigated to understand the potential mechanism. Our results showed that the friction coefficient of γ-PGA-containing care solution with lysozyme was the lowest in both load and velocity variations, and γ-PGA functions distinctly in the lysozyme-ionic contact lens system. We proposed a model of how γ-PGA could reduce the friction coefficient in these two conditions.

scholarly journals The Need for Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in the Field of Hypertrophic Scars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie C. Carney ◽  
Jeffrey W. Shupp ◽  
Taryn E. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Deposition

Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a fibrotic skin disorder that is marked by excessive inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in response to cutaneous traumatic injuries such as burns, lacerations, incisions, and abrasions. HTS has various risk factors, available treatments, and treatment effectiveness. Research at the basic, translational, and clinical levels are in their infancy compared to fibrotic diseases in other organ systems. This chapter will review current in vitro and in vivo modeling, and highlight research needs to address gaps in the study of HTS. The following topics will be discussed in the chapter: a. Basic Science Research i. Seminal findings ii. Limitations to these models iii. Suggestions for topics of future research b. Translational Science Research i. Seminal findings ii. Limitations to these models iii. Suggestions for topics of future research c. Clinical Research i. Seminal findings ii. Limitations to these models iii. Suggestions for topics of future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document