scholarly journals On the structural method of studying the works of old russian art (from the experience of research)

Author(s):  
N. Parfentiev
Author(s):  
Анна Леонидовна Павлова

Во время экспедиций по программе Свода памятников выявляется довольно много церковной скульптуры. Однако деревянная пластика рассеяна по разным томам Свода, а краткие тексты и отсутствие достаточного числа фотографий не позволяют судить о характере найденных произведений. В сложившихся условиях возрастает необходимость отдельной статьи, специально посвящённой неизвестным ранее скульптурам. Основная часть произведений, приведённых в статье, находится в храмах Владимирской, Рязанской, Тверской и Калужской областей. Практически все они впервые вводятся в научный оборот. Изучение данной скульптуры расширяет представление о развитии не только церковного, но всего отечественного искусства Нового времени. Публикуемые памятники отражают разнообразные стилистические направления, технические и художественные приёмы мастеров Центральной России, несмотря на общность процессов искусства в России того времени. Одной из основных задач публикации стало стремление внести ясность в многообразие направлений регионального искусства, что может способствовать более точной атрибуции. Среди богатства направлений условно выделяются несколько основных, зачастую связанных между собой и пронизанных древнерусскими реминисценциями, - тяготеющее к примитиву, барочное и классицистическое. В статье приводятся шесть Распятий и три Усекновенные главы Иоанна Предтечи, каждая из которых по-своему уникальна и заслуживает отдельного исследования в будущем. Знакомство с данными памятниками русского резного искусства даёт возможность провести параллели с широко известными произведениями. In the course of the expeditions undertaken within the Code of monuments project many works of church sculpture were revealed. However, the plastic arts pieces are dispersed over the different volumes of the Code, moreover, the short descriptive texts and the lack of sufficient number of photographs do not allow us to properly estimate the significance of the works found. This situation necessitates a special paper devoted to the previously unknown sculptures to be prepared. The main part of the works described in the paper is from the churches of Vladimir, Ryazan, Tver and Kaluga regions. Practically all of them are introduced for scientific use for the first time. The study of the sculptures broadens our knowledge about the development not only of the church art but of the whole Russian art of New time. The monuments being published reflect different stylistic trends, the technical and artistic devices of the Central Russia masters despite the common character of the artistic processes in Russia of that time. One of the major tasks of the publication is striving to put in order the regional art trends diversity that is to provide for the more exact attribution. Within the wealth of stylistic trends it is possible to conditionally distinguish several basic ones - those next to primitivism, in baroque and classicistic - often closely associated with each other and all permeated with the Old Russian reminiscences. There are six Crucifixions and three Heads of St. John the Forerunner described in the paper each of which is unique in its own way and deserves a separate study in future. Getting to know the introduced monuments of the Russian carved arts makes it possible to draw a parallel between them and well-known works of art.


Author(s):  
Irina Popova

The author of the article thinks through the views of an outstanding writer, musician, scholar, collector and music folklore and the Old Russian art of singing researcher, Prince Vladimir Fyodorovich Odoyevsky on public music education. The author considers Odoyevsky’s opinion about the education of the lowest tiers of Russian society and female education and the possible ways of public music education. The research is based on Odoyevsky’s letters and diaries, and three articles about primary music education methods and the peculiarities of giving solfegio classes to broad public. The author focuses on the role of “numerical technique” in the development of Russian folklore music notating.The scientific novelty of the research consists in the understanding of Odoyevsky’s contribution to the popularization of the music notating system created by Émile-Joseph-Maurice Chevé. The author of the research is the first to establish Odoyevsky’s priority in developing and supporting government and social initiatives in the field of public music education. The author demonstrates the universal character of approaches of the Russian enlightener to solving educational problems and explains the reception of some scientific ideas of the scholar in Russian folklore milieu. The author uses the examples of typologically homogeneous terms of the theory of music applied by Odoyevsky and still used by folklore musicians.   


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
Elena A. Fedorova

The article considers novels The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov (1843) by N. A. Nekrasov and Humiliated and Insulted (1861) by F. M. Dostoevsky as experimental works in which the authors sought to combine European and national traditions. The reference to biographical material, the use of the structural method allowed to discover the similarity in genre content of the works and the difference of ideological attitudes of the authors. Both novels were created as autobiographical works, adventurous and satiric, included elements of “natural essay”, but each of the authors sought to use national genre content: Nekrasov's is a folk drama, and Dostoevsky refers to the traditions of Old Russian calendar literature, a literary story that shows the verification of the Holy Scriptures. Nekrasov failed to create a complete work, largely due to the narrative form, in which in some cases the parody begins to appear. But Dostoevsky managed to bring the novel to a new level, especially in his last works The Raw Youth and The Brothers Karamazov. Performing the task of “restoring the lost man”, Dostoevsky turns to the church calendar, Gospel allusions and parable plot.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Markov ◽  

The perception of Giotto’s heritage in Russian literature and culture has always been directly linked not only with the concept of the Renaissance and the development of Western culture, but with a special interest in writing practice and in the ambition of the narrative presented as innovative style to create communities. The main topic of the poetic thought was the transition from community to society, in other words, from community to church, so Giotto's status as a genius was always supported with statements about other geniuses who directly, but rather indirectly, made this transition. Despite the scarcity of references to the name Giotto, Russian poetry did not so much reflect the current art history conception, but anticipates or correctsconclusions of art historians. My careful analysis of the statements about Giotto in Russian poetry (V.Komarovsky, S.Soloviev, A.Voznesensky) in comparison with the conclusions of Russian philosophy and humanities (P.Florensky, P.Muratov, P.Bitsilli, V.Lazarev)explains plots of the poems related to picturesque impressions. The technique of chiaroscuro in Giotto, who first began to convey plausible depth through the illusory distribution of light, was understood as a technique primarily of hint and reflection, anegative, in comparison with which later Italian painting looks like a colorful positive. Such concept did not correspond to Giotto's real place in the history of art, but it did make it possible to correlate Giotto with Byzantine and Old Russian art using a golden background, emphasizing in the legacy of the Italian artist not credibility, but ability to create own art project relevant other projects.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Sherstobitova

The paper explores the decoration of manuscripts in an early printed style of the ornamentation dominant during the second half of the 16th – the beginning of the 17th centuries by the example of the works of outstanding scribes and drawing-artists brothers Stephan, Feodor and Gavrila (nicknamed Ivan) Basovs. The author applied the element-structural method and identified the influence of the artworks of the European master Israel van Mekenem the Younger and the Moscow first printers on their art. The brothers Basovs created various examples of the ornamentation: marginal ornaments, headpieces, initial letters. The present study is focused on the artistic features of marginal ornaments. The author reveals various types of the ornamental compositions and highlights distinctive features of the brothers Basovs` art. The study identified that the author's interpretation of the individual motifs of the early printed style by Stephan Basov is most clearly expressed at the creation of the complex (multicomponent) compositions with a combination of the various plant elements. Feodor Basov created ornamentation that is distinguished by the artist's inexhaustible imagination, which manifested itself in a large variability in the combination of components (for example the author's forms of fruits and birds). The Gavrila Basovs' marginal ornaments are characterized not only by the use of color, but also by the variety of compositions, many of which were multi-tiered and framing the text. The author examined the individual style of each of the brothers Basovs at the creation of marginal ornaments in the early printed style and determined the share of author's originality in its interpretation.


Author(s):  
Светлана Александровна Кирьянова

Статья посвящена обзору коллекции прорисей и иконописных образцов из собрания Музея древнерусского искусства имени Андрея Рублёва. Автор рассматривает сюжеты и особенности технического исполнения иконных образцов. Подробно говорит о наиболее интересных и ранних образцах. Особое внимание уделяет записям на иконных образцах, позволяющих судить не только о работе иконописцев, но и их быте. The article is devoted to the review of the collection of prorisy and icon-painting samples from the collection of the Museum of Old Russian Art named after Andrei Rublev. The author considers the plots and features of the technical performance of icon samples. Details about the most interesting and early samples. He pays special attention to the recordings on iconic samples, which make it possible to judge not only the work of icon painters, but also their life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 914-922
Author(s):  
Anna Kalina

The article describes the exhibitions prepared by the Department of Old Russian Art of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan together with the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of the Scientific Library N.I. Lobachevsky of the Kazan Federal University in the period from 2013 to 2016. These projects reflect only a small part of the joint work of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan with the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of the Scientific Library N.I. Lobachevsky, all of them became significant events in cultural life of the city and the republic.


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