scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Phytophthora capsici) pada Bibit Cabai

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Evan Purnama Ramdan ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Penicillium Strain

Stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi  in the suspension was 2.8 × 106 cfu mL-1. The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici  was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi  inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the root (26–60%) than in the stem (20–40%). Fusarium strain MAGR1 has the highest level of endophytic colonization i.e. 60% compared to others.  Based on in vivo assay, six endophytic fungi isolates, i.e. Fusarium strain MAGR1, Penicillium strain MAG1, Penicillium strain PAB2, sterile hyphae HAJ1, sterile hyphae HAJ2, and  sterile hyphae PBG7, showed the potency to control stem rot disease with inhibition level of 25.5–35.5%

scholarly journals Biological Management of Basal Rot of Onion by Trichoderma harzianum and Withania somnifera

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. AKHTAR ◽  
A. JAVAID
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACT: Onion is attacked by destructive soil-borne fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, resulting in basal rot disease. In the present study, three Trichoderma species (T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum and T. reesei) and leaves of solanaceous weed Withania somnifera were used for management of this disease. The in vitro interaction study revealed T. harzianum as the most effective biocontrol agent against the pathogen. In a pot trial, dried leaf material of W. somnifera (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and inoculum of T. harzianum were mixed in the pot soil previously inoculated with the pathogen. The highest incidence of the disease (87%) was found in positive control (pathogen inoculation without any amendment). Different rates of dry leaf material reduced the incidence of the disease to 41-66%. T. harzianum in combination with leaf material reduced the incidence of the disease to 20-53%. In a laboratory bioassay, the dry leaf extract of W. somnifera was prepared in methanol and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of all except for the n-butanol fraction significantly decreased fungal biomass over control. This study concludes that basal rot of onion can be controlled by combined application of W. somnifera dry leaf material and biological control agent T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Effects of Paecilomyces variotii against Fungal Plant Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Mila Santos
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Paecilomyces Variotii ◽  
Strong Control

The genus Paecilomyces is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in new formulations based on microorganisms for the control of pathogens is growing exponentially; therefore, it is necessary to study new isolates, which may help control diseases effectively, and to examine their compatibility with established agricultural control methods. We analysed in vitro and in vivo the antagonistic capacity of Paecilomyces variotii against seven phytopathogens with a high incidence in different crops, and we examined its compatibility with 24 commercial fungicides. P. variotii was applied in the following pathosystems: B. cinereal—melon, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum—pepper, R. solani—tomato, F. solani—zucchini, P. aphanidermatum—melon, M. melonis—melon, and P. xanthii—zucchini. The results showed strong control effects on M. melonis and P. xanthii, reducing the disease severity index by 78% and 76%, respectively. The reduction in disease severity in the other pathosystems ranged from 29% to 44%. However, application of metabolites alone did not cause any significant effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogens, apart from F. solani, in which up to 12% inhibition was observed in vitro when the extract was applied at a concentration of 15% in the medium. P. variotii was compatible with most of the tested fungicides, and of the 24 fungicides tested at the maximum authorised dose, 6 acted as fungicides, 4 as fungistatics, and the remaining showed inhibition rates ranging from 18.2% to 95.8%. These results indicate that P. variotii is a potential biological control agent to be used against several aerial and soil diseases, thus it should be integrated into modern pest management strategies.

scholarly journals Foliar endophytic fungi of Theobroma cacao stimulate more than inhibit Moniliophthora spp. growth and behave more as an endophytes than pathogens.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Villavicencio ◽  
Laura Schuller ◽  
Fernando Espinosa ◽  
Carlos Noceda ◽  
Daynet Sosa del Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Pestalotiopsis Microspora ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri

Abstract The two most disastrous diseases of Theobroma cacao in Ecuador are caused by the pathogenic fungi Moniliophthora roreri (MR, Frosty pod) and M. perniciosa (MP, Witches' broom). Both diseases are prevalent in Ecuador since its detection in 1916 and 1921, respectively. One hundred and twenty-six isolates were isolated from healthy T. cacao leaves, originated from five nurseries in the Ecuadorian Coast. Isolates were screened in vitro for their stimulation/inhibition of growth of MR & MP. The endophytic fungi influenced the growth of Moniliophthora spp. in different manners, 91/126 of the tested isolates stimulated somehow the colony growth of both pathogens, and only 30 and 5 isolates always inhibited the mycelial growth of MR & MP, respectively. The highest percentage of growth inhibitions against MR was 71%, but quite lower for MP (18%). Only two isolates caused symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis in leaves and fruits Phomopsis spp. (Ascomycota) and Psathyrella sp. (Basidiomycota). Twenty-four isolates from 11 taxa caused necrosis only fruits (Ascomycota: Phomopsis spp., Phoma sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l., Fusarium decemcellulare, F. equiseti, F. solani, Nectria pseudotrichia, Pestalotiopsis microspora, Didymosphaeria futilis, Xylaria venosula and Basidiomycota: Ceriporia lacerata) and four isolates/taxa infected only leaves (Phomopsis spp., Pestalotiopsis microspora, Nigrospora sphaerica and one unidentifiable isolate of Xylariaceae sp.). The non-pathogenic isolate, Hypoxylon investiens, inhibited MR in 71%, but also stimulate the growth of MP in 3%. The second-best isolate (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) only inhibit MR and MP in 58 y 15%, respectively; and, although the isolate was not pathogenic, the specie is risky to develop a biological control agent. There was no promising isolate against both MR & MP.

scholarly journals PERAN AGEN HAYATI ASAL RIZOSFER DAN ENDOFIT MENEKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK SKLEROTIUM ROLFSII BAWANG DAUN DI MEDIA GAMBUT (Role of Rhizosphere and Endophytes Biological Agents to Supress Sclerotium rolfsii Rot Disease on Scallions in the Peat Media)

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Admin Journal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe Sclerotium Rot Disease is highly destructive to the scallions cultivation in the peat soil. Theantagonistic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere and the endophytes of healthy plants, have beenproven to be able to reduce Sclerotium rolfsii. The aim of this study was to evaluate thecharacteristics of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophytes of Scallions to S. rolfsii in- vitro in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was also to perform the suppression test on theintensity of Sclerotium rolfsiiRot Disease in planta in the peat media in the screen house. Thisresearch it was shown that genus Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillusas antagonistic fungi, wereidentified from the endophytes, meanwhile genus Trichoderma, Penicillium dan Aspergillus sp. were identified from the rhizosphere. Trichoderma Rz-1 and Trichoderma Rz-3 isolated from therhizosphere was shown to have the highest antagonistic activity by 94,4 %, followed by AspergillusEd-2, which was isolated from the endophytes by 83,8%. In planta on peat media, TrichodermaRz-1 was capable to demonstrate 82,19% of antagonistic effect and it could suppress SclerotiumRot Diseasehence it produced the fresh weight of the plant highest to 19gcluster-1. Taken together,the result of this study showed that Trichoderma Rz-1 isolated from rhizosphere has been proven tobe the most beneficial to reduce the Sclerotium rolfsii on Scallions as a biological control agent,especially in peat soils.Keywords: biocontrol, rhizosphere,endophyte, scallions, Sclerotium rolfsii

scholarly journals Control of Papaya Rot Disease by Using Exophytic and Endophytic Fungi Which is Environmentally Friendly

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
I Made Sudarma Ni Nengah Darmiati ◽  
dan Ni Wayan Suniti
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fruit Disease ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Papaya fruit disease has not been known with certainty the cause of the disease, and until now the appropriate control strategy has not been determined. The results of microscopic identification of rot disease in papaya fruit caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The most exophytic fungi found in the study were Rhizopus sp. as many as 69 isolates, followed by Aspergillus niger as many as 6 isolates, only Actinomyces israelii only 6 isolates while the other Actinomycetes (Actinomadura cremea, Streptomeces sp., and Micromonospora sp.) each had one isolate. While the endophytic fungi were found Rhizopus sp. as many as 30 isolates, followed by A. niger with 18 isolates, and finally Agromyces ramosus (Actinomycetes) and Trichoderma sp, each with 3 isolates. The highest prevalence was obtained from the fungus Rhizopus sp. The diversity index and the dominance index on exophytic microbes were 2.45 and 0.4078, respectively. The index of diversity and dominance of endophytic microbes were 1.876 and 0.58, respectively. The results of the analysis of the inhibitory power of exophytic and endophytic microbes in vitro, it turns out that almost all have competitive inhibition as well as Trichoderma sp. which has a zone of inhibition means that it is antibiotic and also competitive. Most Actinomycetes have no inhibitory power against pathogens (L.theobromae). The results of the in vivo inhibition test showed that the highest and best inhibitory power was obtained from treatment E (Trichoderma sp.).

scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonism between Phytopathogenic Fungi Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma Strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Parmar ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
N. P. Bodar ◽  
V. V. Umrania ◽  
S.V. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Rot Disease

Six Trichoderma strains (collected from IARI, New Delhi and MTCC, Chandigarh) were tested for their ability to inhibit soil born pathogenof groundnut mainly Sclerotium rolfsii (causing stem rot on groundnut). Morphological observations of Trichoderma strains as well asphytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were made from culture grown at 28 0C for about one week on PDA media. The radial growth, fastest growthand coiling of test fungus of various Trichoderma strains on plant pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were examined under LEICA phase contrastbinocular light microscope. In vitro percent growth inhibition of S.rolfsii by various Trichoderma strain was recorded at 5 days after inoculationat 28 oC in the 90 cm petriplates. Results obtained from the antagonism study indicated that Trichoderma viride (NBAII Tv 23) inhibited 61%growth of phytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii followed by T. harzianum (NBAII Th1) (55% growth inhibition of pathogen). This suggested thatamong different Trichoderma strains, T. viride was the best bio-control agent to inhibit in vitro growth of phytopathogen S.rolfsii whichotherwise cause stem rot disease in groundnut.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11845  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 16-19      

scholarly journals POLRMT mutations impair mitochondrial transcription causing neurological disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Oláhová ◽  
Bradley Peter ◽  
Zsolt Szilagyi ◽  
Hector Diaz-Maldonado ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Mitochondrial Transcription ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Mtdna Deletions ◽  
Molecular Nature ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractWhile >300 disease-causing variants have been identified in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase γ, no mitochondrial phenotypes have been associated with POLRMT, the RNA polymerase responsible for transcription of the mitochondrial genome. Here, we characterise the clinical and molecular nature of POLRMT variants in eight individuals from seven unrelated families. Patients present with global developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature, and speech/intellectual disability in childhood; one subject displayed an indolent progressive external ophthalmoplegia phenotype. Massive parallel sequencing of all subjects identifies recessive and dominant variants in the POLRMT gene. Patient fibroblasts have a defect in mitochondrial mRNA synthesis, but no mtDNA deletions or copy number abnormalities. The in vitro characterisation of the recombinant POLRMT mutants reveals variable, but deleterious effects on mitochondrial transcription. Together, our in vivo and in vitro functional studies of POLRMT variants establish defective mitochondrial transcription as an important disease mechanism.

scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Amr H. Hashem ◽  
Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Ahmed A. Askar ◽  
Hossam M. Fouda ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document