Teknologi Biodrying untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Kalor Sampah dan Proyeksinya sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif pada Tahun 2028

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Anindi Cita Fiki ◽  
Mochtar Hadiwododo ◽  
Badrus Zaman ◽  
Badrus Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Potential Use

Timbulan municipal solid waste (MSW) akibat industrialisasi, urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk telah menimbulkan masalah tentang kerusakan lingkungan dan bahaya kesehatan manusia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. MSW yang mudah terbakar memiliki kandungan proksimat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui recovery energi dengan metode bio-drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah MSW menggunakan biodrying dan menghitung potensi MSW sebagai bahan bakar alternative. MSW dari Jatibarang landfill diolah dalam reaktor bio-drying dengan debit aerasi sebesar 6 L/m selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu puncak mencapai 58⁰C pada hari pertama. Kadar air mengalami penurunan hingga 44,65% pada hari ke-21. Nilai kalor mengalami kenaikan 28% dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 6.049 kal/gr. Produk biodrying dari MSW Jatibarang landfill memiliki potensi 138% sebagai bahan bakar industry.  Potensi penggunaan produk biodrying 100% tercapai pada tahun 2030 bulan ke-6 sebesar 638.367 ton.ABSTRACTMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and population growth has created problems of environmental damage and human health hazards, especially in developing countries. Combustible MSW contains proximate which can be utilized as alternative energy through energy recovery by bio-drying method. This study aims to process MSW using biodrying and calculate the potential of MSW as an alternative fuel. MSW from TPA Jatibarang is processed in a bio-drying reactor with an aeration flowrate of 6 L/m for 21 days. The results showed that the peak temperature reached 58⁰C on the first day. The water content decreased to 44.65% on the 21st day. The calorific value increased by 28% with the highest value of 6,049 cal/gr. Biodrying products from MSW Jatibarang landfill have 138% potential as industrial fuel. The potential use of 100% biodrying products is achieved in 2030 in the 6th month of 638,367 tons. 

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan  kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF LEVEL OF WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY OF FOSSIL FUEL IN TPA CILOWONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Ade Ariesmayana ◽  
Fitri Dwirani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini memberikan solusi dalam alternatif energi terbarukan dengan memanfaatkan sampah kota (municipal solid waste) dari sumber Tempat Pembuangan Akhir  Sampah (TPA) Cilowong, Kota Serang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakteristik sampah Kota Serang, yang meliputi Uji  Proksimat (proximate analysis), Uji Ultimat (ultimate analysis), Kadar Air Sampah dan Uji Nilai Kalor, serta mengetahui seberapa potensialkah timbulan sampah Kota Serang sebagai energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan TPA Cilowong, Kota Serang. Pada laporan ini dibatasi hanya pada perhitungan Kadar Air Sampah. Metode penelitian yang  digunakan adalah dengan pengujian laboratorium dan analisis kelayakan karakteristik sampah. Teknik penelitian yaitu  dengan melakukan survei dan obervasi ke TPAS Cilowong serta wawancara mendalam dengan dinas terkait dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kelayakan sampah kota Serang sebagai energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil.   Kata Kunci: Energi Alternatif, Kadar Air Sampah, TPA Cilowong     ABSTRACT This research provides solutions in alternative renewable energy by utilizing municipal solid waste from the source of the Cilowong Waste Disposal Site (TPA), Serang City. This study aims to examine the characteristics of the city of Serang waste, which includes the Proximate Test (proximate analysis), Ultimate Analysis, Waste Water Content and Calorific Value Test, and find out the potential waste generation of Serang City as an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. The study was conducted in the Cilowong landfill area, Serang City. This report is limited only to the calculation of Waste Water Content. The research method used is laboratory testing and analysis of the characteristics of waste characteristics. The research technique is by conducting surveys and observations to the Cilowong TPAS as well as in-depth interviews with related agencies and the people living around the area. The results of this study are the feasibility of municipal waste as an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels.   Keywords: Alternative Energy, Waste Water Content, Cilowong Landfill

scholarly journals A Techno-Economic Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Conversion to Energy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7232
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mufti Azis ◽  
Jonas Kristanto ◽  
Chandra Wahyu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Sensitive Factor

Municipal solid waste (MSW) processing is still problematic in Indonesia. From the hierarchy of waste management, it is clear that energy recovery from waste could be an option after prevention and the 5R (rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle) processes. The Presidential Regulation No 35/2018 mandated the acceleration of waste-to-energy (WtE) plant adoption in Indonesia. The present study aimed to demonstrate a techno-economic evaluation of a commercial WtE plant in Indonesia by processing 1000 tons of waste/day to produce ca. 19.7 MW of electricity. The WtE electricity price is set at USD 13.35 cent/kWh, which is already higher than the average household price at USD 9.76 cent/kWh. The capital investment is estimated at USD 102.2 million. The annual operational cost is estimated at USD 12.1 million and the annual revenue at USD 41.6 million. At this value, the internal rate of return (IRR) for the WtE plant is 25.32% with a payout time (PoT) of 3.47 years. In addition, this study also takes into account electricity price sales, tipping fee, and pretreatment cost of waste. The result of a sensitivity analysis showed that the electricity price was the most sensitive factor. This study reveals that it is important to maintain a regulated electricity price to ensure the sustainability of the WtE plant in Indonesia.

Environmental and energy performances of the Italian municipal solid waste incineration system in a life cycle perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110039
Author(s):  
Federico Sisani ◽  
Amani Maalouf ◽  
Francesco Di Maria
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Recovery Scheme ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Average Quantity

The environmental and energy performances of the Italian municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) system was investigated by a life cycle assessment approach. On average the 39 MSWIs operating in Italy in 2018 treated about 6,000,000 Mg of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) recovering on average from 448 kWh Mg−1 RMSW to 762 kWh Mg−1 RMSW of electricity and from 732 kWh Mg−1 RMSW to 1102 kWh Mg−1 RMSW of heat. The average quantity of CO2eq Mg−1 RMSW emitted ranged from about 800 up to about 1000 depending on the size and on the energy recovery scheme of the facility. Avoided impacts (i.e., negative values) were detected for the kg PM2,5eq Mg−1 RMSW and for human health (disability-adjusted life year Mg−1 RMSW). The determination of the hybrid primary energy index (MJ Mg−1 RMSW) indicated that mainly large size facilities and those operating according to a power and heat energy recovery scheme are effectively able to replace other primary energies by the exploitation of the lower heating values of the RMSW.

A framework for sustainable and integrated municipal solid waste management: barriers and critical factors to developing countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 127516
Author(s):  
Marcio Batista ◽  
Rodrigo Goyannes Gusmão Caiado ◽  
Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas ◽  
Gilson Brito Alves Lima ◽  
Walter Leal Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Critical Factors

Utilization of hydrogen in low calorific value producer gas derived from municipal solid waste and biodiesel for diesel engine power generation application

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Yaliwal ◽  
N.R. Banapurmath ◽  
R.S. Hosmath ◽  
S.V. Khandal ◽  
Wojciech M. Budzianowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Engine Power
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