scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF LEVEL OF WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY OF FOSSIL FUEL IN TPA CILOWONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Ade Ariesmayana ◽  
Fitri Dwirani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini memberikan solusi dalam alternatif energi terbarukan dengan memanfaatkan sampah kota (municipal solid waste) dari sumber Tempat Pembuangan Akhir  Sampah (TPA) Cilowong, Kota Serang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakteristik sampah Kota Serang, yang meliputi Uji  Proksimat (proximate analysis), Uji Ultimat (ultimate analysis), Kadar Air Sampah dan Uji Nilai Kalor, serta mengetahui seberapa potensialkah timbulan sampah Kota Serang sebagai energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan TPA Cilowong, Kota Serang. Pada laporan ini dibatasi hanya pada perhitungan Kadar Air Sampah. Metode penelitian yang  digunakan adalah dengan pengujian laboratorium dan analisis kelayakan karakteristik sampah. Teknik penelitian yaitu  dengan melakukan survei dan obervasi ke TPAS Cilowong serta wawancara mendalam dengan dinas terkait dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kelayakan sampah kota Serang sebagai energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil.   Kata Kunci: Energi Alternatif, Kadar Air Sampah, TPA Cilowong     ABSTRACT This research provides solutions in alternative renewable energy by utilizing municipal solid waste from the source of the Cilowong Waste Disposal Site (TPA), Serang City. This study aims to examine the characteristics of the city of Serang waste, which includes the Proximate Test (proximate analysis), Ultimate Analysis, Waste Water Content and Calorific Value Test, and find out the potential waste generation of Serang City as an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. The study was conducted in the Cilowong landfill area, Serang City. This report is limited only to the calculation of Waste Water Content. The research method used is laboratory testing and analysis of the characteristics of waste characteristics. The research technique is by conducting surveys and observations to the Cilowong TPAS as well as in-depth interviews with related agencies and the people living around the area. The results of this study are the feasibility of municipal waste as an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels.   Keywords: Alternative Energy, Waste Water Content, Cilowong Landfill

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan  kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

Development of models for the prediction of energy content of fresh municipal solid waste from an unsecured landfill in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2098560
Author(s):  
Faisal Zia Siddiqui ◽  
M Humam Zaim Faruqi ◽  
Suneel Pandey ◽  
Mohd Emran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

The enormous quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Indian cities has emerged as a serious concern. In order to reduce the negative environmental impacts of MSW accumulation in dumpsites or unsecured landfills across India, various measures have been proposed to facilitate conversion of MSW into a valuable resource. One such measure is the immense potential for utilization of MSW as a source of energy. In this study, a comprehensive estimation of the energy potential of freshly dumped MSW has been conducted at a large unsecured landfill site in Okhla, Delhi, which is the capital city of India. Multiple regression models were developed to predict gross calorific value (GCV) and net calorific value (NCV) of MSW in terms of physical composition, proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of the waste. The developed models were found to give a reasonably good prediction of energy content of freshly dumped MSW in the landfill. Food waste, inerts, textile and paper were found to be the prime constituents of fresh MSW arriving at the landfill site. Based on the statistical analysis, volatile matter content and oxygen content of MSW were found to be non-significant terms in the energy content models derived using proximate analysis and ultimate analysis, respectively. The models developed in this study can be used to predict energy content of MSW at other landfill sites in India under similar climatic conditions and disposal practices.

scholarly journals Municipal solid waste higher heating value prediction from ultimate analysis using multiple regression and genetic programming techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Boumanchar ◽  
Younes Chhiti ◽  
Fatima Ezzahrae M’hamdi Alaoui ◽  
Abdelaziz Sahibed-dine ◽  
Fouad Bentiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Programming Techniques

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management presents an important challenge for all countries. In order to exploit them as a source of energy, a knowledge of their calorific value is essential. In fact, it can be experimentally measured by an oxygen bomb calorimeter. This process is, however, expensive. In this light, the purpose of this paper was to develop empirical models for the prediction of MSW higher heating value (HHV) from ultimate analysis. Two methods were used: multiple regression analysis and genetic programming formalism. Both techniques gave good results. Genetic programming, however, provides more accuracy compared to published works in terms of a great correlation coefficient (CC) and a low root mean square error (RMSE).

scholarly journals Effect Of Water Content On Characteristics Fuel From The Municipal Solid Waste Through The Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Imron Rosyadi ◽  
Ni Ketut Caturwati ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Rice Samples

The increase in the population of Indonesia is proportional to the increase in the amount of waste produced. Municipal solid waste (MSW) especially organic waste, can be used as solid fuel by means of the torefaction process. Torefaction is a thermo-chemical heat treatment method for biomass conversion that takes place at a temperature of 200oC to 300oC under conditions of atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moisture content on calorific, proximate and ultimate values ​​of torefaction samples using municipal solid waste. Setting the water content in the mixed sample (30% rice + 70% wood) with variations in moisture content of 30%, 40%, and 50%; and rice and wood samples with variations in moisture content of 40% and 50%. The torefaction was carried out at a temperature of 300oC for one hour and  inert gas  N2. Torefaction products have been tested contain of the calorific value, proximate testing, and ultimate testing. The results obtained were the best calorific value in the rice sample, the moisture content of 40% was 6351.1 cal / g or equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. The proximate and ultimate results of the best heating value are rice samples with 40% moisture content, fixed carbon 62.95%, volatile matter 27.85%, moisture 7.06%, ash 2.14%, carbon 71.85%, hydrogen. 2.80%, nitrogen 3.17%, and sulfur 0.05%. The calorific value calculation method that is almost close to the test results is the Dulong method, with an average error percentage of 1.63%.

scholarly journals Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste using Biodrying Process: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Mochammad Chaerul ◽  
Annisa Kusuma Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel

The utilization of waste into fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF) is an alternative to overcome the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many processes can be applied to produce RDF including through biodrying process. Biodrying is a part of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) aiming to reduce water content in the waste by utilizing heat generated from microorganism activities while degrading organic matter in the waste, thus the calorific value will increase. The paper aims to make a review from various research papers on biodrying process published in scientific journals, so it becomes one of reference on further research on biodrying process by considering the characteristics of waste in Indonesia. The review has been conducted by focusing on several important aspects on the research such as operation principle, reactor design configuration, parameters to be examined, and the characteristics of feed and product.

Waste to Energy: Calorific Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste through Biodrying

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Badrus Zaman ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Samadikun ◽  
Nurandani Hardyanti ◽  
Purwono Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Degradation

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an energy resource with sufficient energy/calorific value, making it a suitable substitute for fuel. This study investigated the effect of air flow rate on the MSW calorific value, the hemicellulose content, and the MSW degradation rate in a biodrying process. Four biodrying reactors equipped with flowrate and temperature recorders were used in the study. The air flow rate was varied as follows: 0 L/min/kg, 2 L/min/kg, 4 L/min/kg, and 6 L/min/kg, corresponding to reactors R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. The calorific value, water content, hemicellulose content, organic C content, and total N were measured on day 1, day 15, and day 30. The results showed that the biodrying process could increase the calorific value by 55.3 %, whereas the control reactor could increase the calorific value by only 4.7 %. The highest calorific value was 17.63 MJ/kg, at an air flow rate of 4 L/min/kg. The air flow rate had a significant effect on increasing the calorific value (sig.<0.05). The highest temperature in the biodrying process was 41 °C. The final MSW moisture content was 27.28 %, resulting from R4. According to the statistical test results, the air flow rate had a significant influence on the water content parameters. Hemicellulose degradation due to air flow rate reached 80–85 %. The air flow rate did not significantly influence the hemicellulose degradation (sig.>0.05). The biodrying process is the suitable method to increase the calorific value of MSW while reducing its water content; thus, the process promotes the realization of waste to energy as refuse-derived fuel.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF COPROCESSING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE - MSW IN CLINKER KILNS TO CEMENT PRODUCTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
J. A. Meystre ◽  
R. J. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Cement Production

The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of coprocessing in a cement production plant using Municipal Solid Waste - MSW as a secondary fuel and show the main advantages that burn into a incineration plant. The manufacture of Portland cement is a process that requires a large consumption of thermal and electrical energy and front of the immense worldwide energetic demand has increased its value every day. The typical operating cost involving this energy achieves 40% of the final product and due to increasing world consumption justifies the efforts to reduce the costs associated with its production. The use of high efficiency equipment coupled with the replacement of fossil fuels and conventional raw material for alternative products has given good results. The method of disposal of MSW in landfills in large urban centers is being used less and less. The creation of environmental laws increasingly severe shortages of allied areas not disturbed and the high cost of construction and operation of landfills hinders its viability. Moreover, there is a problem related to the emissions  of gaseous and liquid effluents that help raise the cost for its control and treatment. The MSW, when recovered and separated, can become recyclable products and as energy sources. After separation of the usable material (organic matter and recyclable), remaining MSW materials with sufficient calorific value can be used in kilns to produce clinker. Moreover, the ash resulting from combustion may be incorporated in the clinker decreasing the initial amount of raw material. The use of MSW as alternative fuel has shown to be feasible in the clinker kiln, but their use is still limited by their availability, since their segregation is rarely practiced. The substitution of alternative inputs introduce restrictions to the process which must be safely handled in order to ensure the minimum quality and productivity of cement production plants. The use of MSW must have a thorough characterization of your composition, because of directly influences in the final product.

Teknologi Biodrying untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Kalor Sampah dan Proyeksinya sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif pada Tahun 2028

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Anindi Cita Fiki ◽  
Mochtar Hadiwododo ◽  
Badrus Zaman ◽  
Badrus Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Potential Use

Timbulan municipal solid waste (MSW) akibat industrialisasi, urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk telah menimbulkan masalah tentang kerusakan lingkungan dan bahaya kesehatan manusia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. MSW yang mudah terbakar memiliki kandungan proksimat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui recovery energi dengan metode bio-drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah MSW menggunakan biodrying dan menghitung potensi MSW sebagai bahan bakar alternative. MSW dari Jatibarang landfill diolah dalam reaktor bio-drying dengan debit aerasi sebesar 6 L/m selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu puncak mencapai 58⁰C pada hari pertama. Kadar air mengalami penurunan hingga 44,65% pada hari ke-21. Nilai kalor mengalami kenaikan 28% dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 6.049 kal/gr. Produk biodrying dari MSW Jatibarang landfill memiliki potensi 138% sebagai bahan bakar industry.  Potensi penggunaan produk biodrying 100% tercapai pada tahun 2030 bulan ke-6 sebesar 638.367 ton.ABSTRACTMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and population growth has created problems of environmental damage and human health hazards, especially in developing countries. Combustible MSW contains proximate which can be utilized as alternative energy through energy recovery by bio-drying method. This study aims to process MSW using biodrying and calculate the potential of MSW as an alternative fuel. MSW from TPA Jatibarang is processed in a bio-drying reactor with an aeration flowrate of 6 L/m for 21 days. The results showed that the peak temperature reached 58⁰C on the first day. The water content decreased to 44.65% on the 21st day. The calorific value increased by 28% with the highest value of 6,049 cal/gr. Biodrying products from MSW Jatibarang landfill have 138% potential as industrial fuel. The potential use of 100% biodrying products is achieved in 2030 in the 6th month of 638,367 tons. 

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