scholarly journals Laborer Identification and Monitoring System: Dactyloscopy on the Plantations of East Sumatra, 1926-1980

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Erond Litno Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Labor Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plantation Company ◽  
High Crime

This study aims to explore and discuss laborer identification and monitoring systems on East Sumatran plantations during 1926-1980. It is focused on the implementation of dactyloscopy, archives that have never been researched it all, which had replaced the anthropometric identification system as the reference to determine the criminal justice system. The data used is the dactyloscopy archive in the office of the Sumatra Plantation Company Cooperation Agency and the Indonesian Plantation Museum in Medan City. Data were analyzed using a historiographic approach. The study found that dactyloscopy was part of the modernization of the administrative and bureaucratic systems in plantations. The novelty of the study that the implementation of dactyloscopy in plantation communities is in line with the high crime of labor against employers. Therefore, there is a major distinction in the implementation of dactyloscopy before and after the independence which has been influenced by the logic of colonialism and independence. During the colonialism period, dactyloscopy was used to identify and monitor taming laborersin plantations, while post-independence and nationalization it was used as a modern labor control system.

Developing an Offender-Based Tracking System: The Western Australia Inois Project

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
System Project

In 1989 the Crime Research Centre (University of Western Australia) and criminal justice agencies in Western Australia became involved in the INOIS (Integrated Numerical Offender Identification System) project. The principal aim of this project was to introduce a common, unique identifier for offenders so that a longitudinal database could be established that could “track” offenders through the criminal justice system. This paper explains reasons for establishing this kind of database and explores some of the conceptual and technical issues which arise. Central to the development of the database and, therefore, to the INOIS project, was the underlying need to uniquely identify each offender. This paper focuses on how record-linking techniques were used to achieve this. The record-linking component of the INOIS project is discussed at length, and results from trials and from preliminary runs of the linkage system are presented and discussed. Additional research and operational usages of such a system are also identified.

scholarly journals The application of electronic monitoring systems in Romania: how and in what ways does electronic surveillance facilitate a convicted person s reintegration into society?

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-72
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR-ADRIAN COSTEA
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Practice Models

This article identifies how electronic monitoring is defined and used in relation to the idea of reintegrating the convicted person into society. In the Romanian context, the perspective using electronic monitoring has not yet generated debates and evaluations at the academic or policy-maker levels. The originality of this research lays in the elaboration of a project for the implementation of an electronic monitoring system in the Romanian criminal justice system in relation to the “good practice models” identified in the European context. We assign a central role to the economic, social and political consequences which (re)define the legal framework of the execution of custodial sentences. The research presents the measures and strategies that the Ministry of Justice should follow in order to implement its 2018-2024 Calendar for dealing with overcrowding and detention conditions.

Fører endringer i loven til endringer i rettspraksis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Synøve N. Andersen ◽  
Morten Holmboe ◽  
Torbjørn Skardhamar
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Penal Reform ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOn June 25, 2010, sentencing for certain violent crimes should have increased substantially in Norway due to changes in the Criminal Act and the explicit intention of lawmakers. But did this actually happen? In this paper, we compare sentencing practices before and after the penal reform using administrative registry data from all Norwegian courts on persons convicted for bodily harm and/or assault. Results from regression discontinuity analyses show that despite clear incentives to increase sentences for violent offences, there were no statistically significant changes in the length of sentences imposed following the penal reform. This highlights the importance of conducting empirical assessments of the impact of penal changes on judicial behaviour and other aspects of the criminal justice system.

scholarly journals ‘A really hostile environment’: Adiaphorization, global policing and the crimmigration control system

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Bowling ◽  
Sophie Westenra
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Systems

This article examines institutional practices designed to control criminalized migrants in the UK and advances three arguments. First, these practices have evolved, since the early 1970s, into a bespoke ‘crimmigration control system’ distinct from the domestic criminal justice system. Second, this system is directed exclusively at efficient exclusion and control; through a process of adiaphorization, moral objections to the creation of a ‘really hostile environment’ have been disabled. Third, the pursuit of the criminalized immigrant—a globally recognized ‘folk devil’—provides a vital link between domestic and global systems of policing, punishment and exclusion. The UK crimmigration control system is an example of wider processes that are taking place in institutions concerned with the control of suspect populations across the globe.

Did Connecticut’s “Raise the Age” Increase Motor Vehicle Thefts?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217-1233
Author(s):  
Giovanni Circo ◽  
Alexander Scranton
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
County Level ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uniform Crime Reports ◽  
Crime Reports

In 2010, Connecticut followed the pattern of most other U.S. states by raising the age of juvenile jurisdiction from 15 to 16. This was further raised from 16 to 17 years, 2 years later in July 2012. This sweeping change meant youth were no longer automatically prosecuted as adults in the criminal justice system. Following the change, crimes in Connecticut steadily decreased in line with nationwide trends—However, a subsequent increase in motor vehicle thefts prompted concern among critics of the “raise the age” (RTA) legislation. This study examines the change in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) county-level index crimes before and after Connecticut changed the maximum age of juvenile jurisdiction from 16 to 17 in 2012, focusing specifically on motor vehicle thefts. Using a weighted difference-in-differences design, we estimate that RTA played a minimal role on the increase in Connecticut auto thefts between 2012 and 2017.

scholarly journals HOW WE REALLY GOT IT WRONG: Understanding the failure of crime prevention

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pelser
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Prevention Of Crime

In the previous issue of the SA Crime Quarterly, Antony Altbeker argued that the country’s decision after 1994 to ‘place the prevention of crime at the centre of the strategic vision for the criminal justice system’ undermined the building of an effective criminal justice system and may have led to the country’s high crime levels. In response to Altbeker’s article which is based on his new book A country at war with itself. South Africa’s crisis of crime (published by Jonathan Ball), this article explains why his arguments leave one both disappointed and despairing.

scholarly journals Exploring the punitive surge: Crown Court sentencing practices before and after the 2011 English riots

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Pina-Sánchez ◽  
Carly Lightowlers ◽  
Julian Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Short Timeframe

The English summer riots of 2011 resulted in the criminal justice system having to process an unprecedented number of offenders in a short timeframe. This study explores sentencing practice in the wake of the riots using the 2011 Crown Court Sentencing Survey. A multilevel model was implemented to specify the probability of receiving a custodial sentence for offences of commercial burglary. This model allows exploring differences in sentencing before and after the riots. An increased probability of receiving a custodial sentence in the post-riot period was identified. An increase in variability was also detected, changing from a state of almost perfect consistency to one in which substantial variation was observed between courts. Custodial rates for burglary increased to a level associated with more serious offences, thereby undermining the principle of proportionality. This, as well as the increased dispersion between courts, challenges other principles such as legal certainty and transparency.

scholarly journals Youth Justice, Black Children and Young Men in Liverpool: A Story of Rac(ism), Identity and Contested Spaces

Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
John Wainwright ◽  
Laura Robertson ◽  
Cath Larkins ◽  
Mick Mckeown
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
The North ◽  
Before And After

This study explores the experiences of the black children and young men that attended a Youth Offending Team (YOT) in Liverpool, a city in the North of England, UK. It focuses on the perspectives of both the YOT practitioners and the black children/young men as they develop working relationships with each other. Through this two-way prism the back children/young men reflect on what is important to them before and after they enter the criminal justice system. Likewise, the YOT practitioners provide their understanding of the key issues in the young people’s lives—in particular, how the black children/young men made sense of their lives in Liverpool with a particular identity with place, space, class and race. A genealogy of race/class prism, along with an intersectional and appreciative inquiry methodology, was employed that encouraged the youth justice workers and young black men to explore the strengths and realities of their lives. Focus groups were undertaken with seven YOT practitioners and managers, along with semi-structured interviews with five black children/young men. The methodology focused on points of intersection of power, difference and identity. Findings that emerged from the participants included the experience of racism within the criminal justice system, the community and the wider city, along with the importance of education, employment and relations with the young people’s family. A core theme was an identity of black children/young men from a specific region. This intersection was as Scousers, black boys/young men, the contestation over space and their negotiated identity regarding race. The ambivalence and (un)certainty that these identities evoked provide possibilities for youth justice practitioners engaging with young black men involved in serious and repeat offending.

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