scholarly journals Anaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid in a Young Child – an Extremely Rare Occurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
Suresh Chandra Sharma ◽  
Pirabu Sakthivel ◽  
Sarath Raveendran ◽  
Chirom Amit Singh ◽  
Tripti Nakra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Emergency Tracheostomy ◽  
Thyroid Swelling

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most aggressive malignancies, is extremely rare in childhood. We present a case of 5-yearold child who presented with rapidly progressing thyroid swelling and stridor, for which she underwent emergency tracheostomy and biopsy. Histopathological features were suggestive of ATC and the patient died within two months after diagnosis. ATC, though very rare in childhood, should be kept in the differential diagnoses of rapidly enlarging neck masses in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest case of ATC reported in literature.

scholarly journals Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid - clinicomorphological spectrum and review of literature

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghosh ◽  
N Nepal ◽  
MD Gharti ◽  
S Basnet ◽  
M Baxi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cell Variant ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies ◽  
Atypical Mitosis

Background: Thyroid cancer is fairly common. The worldwide annual incidence ranges from 0.5 to 10 cases per 100,000 people. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, comprising less than 10% of all thyroid carcinomas, remains one of the most virulent of all cancers in humans with a 10 year survival rate of only 0.1 %. In the present study we looked into the clinical, cytological and histological spectrum of anaplastic carcinoma and compared our experience with recent literature. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study from January 2000 to November 2010. Clinical, cytological and histopathological data of all the diagnosed anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cases were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Of the 59 thyroid malignancies diagnosed in the same period, 7 cases were anaplastic carcinoma. The mean age was 63 years and was predominantly found in females. All of the cases presented with a neck mass that lasted for a mean of 5.7 months. The mean tumor size was 14.9 cm and the most common sub-type was the spindle cell type. Atypical mitosis of more than 5 per high power field and necrosis was noted in all cases. Conclusion: Due to the markedly aggressive nature of this tumor and its association with areas of endemic thyroid disease, early diagnosis and aggressive therapy is essential, especially in the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan belt. Keywords: Anaplastic carcinoma; Thyroid carcinoma; Spindle cell variant DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4451 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 45-48

scholarly journals Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma in Metastatic Lateral Cervical Neck Lymph Node. Case Report and Review literatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dr. Doaa Al ghamdi ◽  
◽  
Dr. Rhagad Tallab ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Neck Lymph Node ◽  
Anaplastic Transformation ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Localized Disease

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is one of the commonest human malignancies. It usually follows an indolent clinical course with localized disease and rare metastasis [1]. Anaplastic transformation of thyroid carcinoma although rare but is well-accepted phenomena. It goes through multiple steps of genetic alterations leading to an ultimate de-differentiation. Most of the anaplastic carcinoma occurs in the thyroid glands with very aggressive behavior and locally advanced disease [2]. Recently some case reports described the anaplastic transformation of thyroid carcinoma in a distant site. It occurred either synchronously or years after diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid in a Patient Receiving Radio-Iodine Therapy for Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Bridges ◽  
R.R. Davies ◽  
R.W. Newton ◽  
G.P. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Heart Valve Replacement ◽  
Potassium Perchlorate ◽  
Multinodular Goitre

We describe a case of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis following heart valve replacement in a patient with a multinodular goitre. He responded to medical therapy with carbimazole and potassium perchlorate. Subsequent therapy with radio-iodine was followed 30 weeks later by the development of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. It is possible that amiodarone caused a low uptake of radio-iodine by the thyroid. It is not known whether this possible low dose exposure to ionising radiation played a part in the development of the anaplastic carcinoma.

scholarly journals Significant Amelioration of Tracheal Stenosis following Lenvatinib in a Patient Who Has Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with Bronchomediastinal Infiltration: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Fukuhara ◽  
Ryohei Donishi ◽  
Satoshi Koyama ◽  
Naritomo Miyake ◽  
Eriko Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Tracheal Stenosis ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Mixed Efficacy

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, and no known drugs have exhibited acceptable efficacy. In recent years, novel anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed. We encountered a case of tracheal stenosis due to mediastinal and tracheal infiltration of anaplastic carcinoma for which lenvatinib exhibited remarkable effects; owing to this, airway management could be performed, even though the patient’s condition was considered critical. Case Report: A 55-year-old man presented with locally advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma that was observed to have mediastinal infiltration. Tracheal stenosis due to infiltration of the trachea occurred, and the condition of the patient rapidly deteriorated. Radiation and chemotherapy consisting of cetuximab, cisplatin, and fluorouracil were ineffective, but his tracheal stenosis was relieved 2 weeks after initiation of lenvatinib, after which the patient could be discharged. However, the lenvatinib was ineffective for his liver, bone, and brain metastatic lesions, and the patient remained in a critical condition. Conclusion: We encountered a case in which lenvatinib was effective for locally advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, leading to an improvement in quality of life and a prolonged life. The drug was effective for the primary lesion, but mixed efficacy was noted for distant metastatic lesions.

Case Report: Cellular Medullary Carcinoma as Cervical Metastases of Undetermined Origin

1979 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-644
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Pearson ◽  
Krishnan K. Unni ◽  
Glen W. Sizemore ◽  
Stanley G. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Radical Neck Dissection ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Focus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Groove

A healthy 27-year-old man with a lump in the lateral midneck was examined. Results of a recent biopsy performed elsewhere indicated amelanotic melanoma. A careful search for a primary integumentary or upper respiratory site of origin, including appropriate roentgenograms and a thyroid scan, was negative. At right radical neck dissection, the pathologic diagnosis was expanded to include anaplastic carcinoma. Subsequent examinations of the head and neck were negative. The neck and upper aerodigestive system were subjected to a full course of radiotherapy. Pathologic study of this tumor was continued. Electron microscopy indicated the tumor was epithelial, possibly of glandular epithelial origin. A tumor nodule reappeared in the right tracheoesophageal groove. Surgery was performed and the nodule was removed. The right thyroid lobe was removed also and submitted for histopathologic study. A solitary microscopic tumor focus, presumably anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, was found within the thyroid. Further pathologic studies were undertaken. Eventually, amyloid deposits were discovered, and a final diagnosis of cellular medullary thyroid carcinoma was established. Further studies of this patient and his family for multiple endocrine adenoma have been negative.

scholarly journals Pyrvinium pamoate can overcome artemisinin’s resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitian Li
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Pyrvinium Pamoate

Abstract Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly lethal subtype of thyroid cancer without effective therapies. Drug resistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma poses a significant problem. Although artemisinin exerts antitumor effects, but its efficacy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is unknown. Methods We used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes. Next, we determined the cause of ART resistance by testing the expression and activity of β-catenin, and enhanced ART activity with a WNT signaling inhibitor. Results Artemisinin suppressed the growth of BHT-101 but not human thyroid anaplastic carcinoma (CAL-62) cells. The mechanism of artemisinin resistance in CAL-62 was associated with the aberrant activation of WNT signaling. Pyrvinium pamoate, an inhibitor of WNT signaling, was used to overcome ART resistance in CAL-62 cells. The combination of artemisinin and pyrvinium pamoate suppressed the growth of CAL-62 cells and induced the apoptosis. Conclusions Our study is the first to prove the efficacy of ART as monotherapy or in combination with PP in the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer, and that the inhibition of WNT signaling may overcome ART resistance.

Subclavian vein compression in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
S. I. Ibrahim ◽  
R. J. A. England ◽  
D. F. Ettles
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Venous Stenting ◽  
Dismal Prognosis

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a condition with a dismal prognosis in most cases. We present a case of subclavian vein compression in a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated with subclavian venous stenting. Subclavian vein compression is a recognized complication in disseminated carcinomatosis particularly in carcinoma of the breast and bronchus. It has never been described in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

scholarly journals A rare case of multinodular goitre turning in to anaplastic carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2999
Author(s):  
Uthirakumar G. ◽  
Reshma S. ◽  
Muthu Chithra
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Multinodular Goitre

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is highly aggressive, undifferentiated carcinoma that may arise from normal or abnormal thyroid. Making the diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by FNAC of the thyroid with long standing multinodular goiter is very rare. We report a rare case of multinodular goiter turning in to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

scholarly journals ONYX-015, an E1B Gene-Defective Adenovirus, Induces Cell Death in Human Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2525-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Portella ◽  
Stefania Scala ◽  
Donata Vitagliano ◽  
Giancarlo Vecchio ◽  
Alfredo Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Innovative Therapy ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines

Being one of the most lethal human neoplasms and refractory to such conventional treatment as chemo- and radiotherapy, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a prime target for innovative therapy. p53 gene inactivation is a constant feature of this neoplasia. Therefore, we evaluated a therapeutic approach based on an E1B 55-kDa gene-defective adenovirus (ONYX-015) that replicates only in cells with impaired p53 function and leads to cell death. Here we report that the ONYX-015 virus induces cell death in three human thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cell lines (ARO, FRO, and KAT-4). In addition, we found that the growth of xenograft tumors induced in athymic mice by the injection of ARO cells was drastically reduced by ONYX-015 treatment. The ONYX-015 virus worked synergistically with two antineoplastic drugs (doxorubicin and paclitaxel) in inducing ARO and KAT-4 cell death. These results suggest that ONYX-015 may be a valid tool in the treatment of the human thyroid anaplastic carcinoma.

scholarly journals Remarkable Presentation: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Hyperthyroidism

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Habib G. Zalzal ◽  
Jeffson Chung ◽  
Jessica A. Perini
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Tracheal Compression ◽  
Anaplastic Transformation ◽  
Toxic Multinodular Goiter

Background. Undifferentiated anaplastic carcinoma rarely develops from chronic hyperthyroidism. Although acute hyperthyroidism can develop prior to anaplastic transformation, chronic hyperthyroidism was thought to be a protective measure against thyroid malignancy. Methods. A 79-year-old female presented acutely to the hospital with dyspnea. She had been taking methimazole for chronic hyperthyroidism due to toxic thyroid nodules, previously biopsied as benign. Upon admission, imaging showed tracheal compression, requiring a total thyroidectomy with tracheostomy for airway management. Results. Pathology demonstrated undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The patient passed away shortly after hospital discharge. Despite treatment with methimazole for many years, abrupt enlargement of her toxic multinodular goiter was consistent with malignant transformation. Chronic hyperthyroidism and toxic nodules are rarely associated with thyroid malignancy, with only one previous report documenting association with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion. Progressive thyroid enlargement and acute worsening of previously controlled hyperthyroidism should promote concern for disease regardless of baseline thyroid function.

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