scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) – Positive Innervation of the Guinea-Pig Spleen

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Schmidtová ◽  
Mária Siroťáková ◽  
Monika Kočišová ◽  
Eva Mechírová
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Splenic Artery ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Central Artery ◽  
Red Pulp

The presence and intraorgan distribution of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)- positive nerve structures in the guinea-pig spleen were studied by means of the direct thiocholine method. Visualized AChE-positive nerve fibres entered the guinea-pig spleen at its hilum in the vicinity of the splenic artery branches and intra parenchyma were gradually distributed to form thicker periarterial nerves and also fine adventitial nerve plexus. In described topography the AChE-positive nerve fibres were identified in association with the central artery running through the white pulp. Some of the perivascular nerve fibres associated with the central artery extended away and passed into the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) to reach the marginal zone and in continuation entered into the mantle zone of lymphatic follicles. Several AChE-positive nerve fibres were seen in the red pulp but less in the splenic capsule. We did not find any AChE – positive nerve cells in the guinea-pig spleen.

scholarly journals The role of spleen macrophages in malaria: an ultrastructural study

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Tosta ◽  
Greta Ruiz ◽  
Nina Wedderburn
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Red Pulp

An electronmicroscopy study of the spleen from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei was carried out to investigate the types ofcells in volved in the removal of parasites from the blood, and the mechanisms by which this occurs. Macrophages, particularly from the red pulp and the marginal zone of the spleen, constituted the most important population of phagocytic cells in the spleen. At the height ofparasitaemia, macrophages in the periphery of the white pulp, especially in the mantle zone of secondary follicles, were also found to participate in phagocytosis, although to a limited extent. Our fingings suggest that phagocytosis of free parasites or parasitized erythrocytes in the spleen is an important mechanism of clearance of parasites from the circulation. Parasites removed from the erythrocytes when these cells cross the interendothelial slits are further phagocytosed by neighbouring macrophages. Evidence is presented suggesting that spleen macrophages may act against the parasite through a process of cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals The histopathology of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 3828-3834 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Isaacson ◽  
E Matutes ◽  
M Burke ◽  
D Catovsky
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Marginal Zone B Cells ◽  
Splenic Lymphoma ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Red Pulp

Whereas the hematologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) have been well documented, the histologic features of the spleen and lymph nodes remain uncharacterized. We have reviewed the histopathology of the spleen in 37 cases of SLVL and of involved splenic hilar lymph nodes in 6 cases. Tissue immunophenotyping was performed in 24 cases, 6 of which had frozen tissue available, and the results were compared with the membrane immunophenotype of the circulating villous lymphocytes and cells extracted from spleen and lymph nodes. In the spleen, SLVL is characterized by involvement of the white pulp follicles, which may be surrounded or replaced by the lymphoma cells. In the red pulp, the cells form small nodules and infiltrate diffusely with sinusoidal invasion. The cytologic appearance of the neoplastic cells varies from a resemblance to small mantle-zone--like lymphocytes to that of marginal-zone cells and there are scattered blast forms. In involved lymph nodes, the infiltrate again centers on the follicles that are usually replaced, but occasionally show preservation of follicle centers; sinuses are often preserved. The tissue immunophenotype is similar to that of marginal-zone B cells. Membrane immunophenotyping may give different results in some cases and may vary depending on the compartment from which the cells are obtained. SLVL in the peripheral blood is a histologically homogeneous entity identical to the condition previously characterised by histopathologists as splenic marginal-zone lymphoma.

scholarly journals Butyrylcholinesterase – Positive Innervation of the Spleen in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Siroťáková ◽  
Katarína Schmidtová ◽  
Monika Kočišová
Keyword(s):  
White Pulp ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Microscopic Findings ◽  
Red Pulp

Innervation of the spleen in rats was studied. Butyrylcholinesterase-(BuChE)-positive nerve components of the organ were visualized by the direct thiocholine method. BuChE-positive nerve components enter the spleen in a common bundle with arteries. In the organ they form characteristic periarterial and periarteriolar plexiform arrangements, which are especially conspicuous around the aa. centrales running through the white pulp. Then, nerve fibres extend away from these plexuses into adjacent layers of trabeculae further into marginal layers of periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) as well as into the mantle zone of follicles. Several scattered periarteriolar and solitary nerve fibres can be seen in the marginal sinuses and cords of the red pulp. In the fibrous capsula BuChE-positive nerve fibres can also be seen which have an evident connection with trabecular and parenchymal nerves of the organ. Microscopic findings support the notion that BuChE-positive nerve profiles supply not only the vasculature, but also the parenchymal components of the spleen, and they may participate, to a great extent, in the regulation of the immune processes in this organ.

scholarly journals Reticular fibroblasts in peripheral lymphoid organs identified by a monoclonal antibody.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Van Vliet ◽  
M Melis ◽  
J M Foidart ◽  
W Van Ewijk
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Medullary Cords ◽  
Red Pulp

We have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against nonlymphoid cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs. In this paper we present the reactivity of one of these antibodies, ER-TR7. This antibody detects reticular fibroblasts, which constitute the cellular framework of lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs and their products. In frozen sections of the spleen incubated with this antibody, the red pulp and white pulp are clearly delineated. Furthermore, the major white pulp compartments--the follicles and periarteriolar lymphoid sheath as well as the marginal zone--are recognized by their characteristic labeling patterns. In lymph nodes, the capsule, sinuses, follicles, paracortex, and medullary cords are clearly delineated. In the thymus and bone marrow no such specialized compartments were demonstrated. ER-TR7 reacts with an intracellular component of fibroblasts. Since ER-TR7 does not react with purified laminin, collagen types I-V, fibronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, entactin, or nidogen, it detects a hitherto uncharacterized antigen. The possible role of the ER-TR7 positive reticular fibroblasts in the cellular organization of peripheral lymphoid organs will be discussed.

scholarly journals Migration patterns of dendritic cells in the mouse. Homing to T cell-dependent areas of spleen, and binding within marginal zone.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Austyn ◽  
J W Kupiec-Weglinski ◽  
D F Hankins ◽  
P J Morris
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Interdigitating Cells ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Red Pulp

Using quantitative techniques we have shown elsewhere that dendritic cells (DC) migrate from blood into the spleen, under the control of T cells. Here we traced the localization of DC within the spleen and sought to explain the means by which they entered. DC were labeled with a fluorochrome, Hoescht 33342, and injected intravenously. Spleens were removed 3 or 24 h later and DC were visualized within particular areas that were defined by mAbs and FITC anti-Igs. At 3 h most DC were in the red pulp, whereas by 24 h the majority had homed to T-dependent areas of the white pulp and may have become interdigitating cells. Lymphoid DC, isolated from spleen and perhaps normally present in blood, may thus be a migratory stage distinct from the relatively fixed interdigitating cells. We also developed a frozen section assay to investigate the interaction of DC with various lymphoid elements. When DC were incubated on sections of spleen, at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C they attached specifically within the marginal zone and did not bind to T areas; in contrast, macrophages attached only to red pulp and T cells did not bind specifically. However, DC did not bind to sections of mesenteric lymph node, whereas T cells localized in particular regions at 4 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, probably the high endothelial venules. DC may thus express "homing receptors," similar to those of T cells, for certain endothelia. We propose that T cells can modify the vascular endothelium in certain areas to allow egress of DC from the bloodstream.

Splenic red pulp lymphoma with numerous basophilic villous lymphocytes: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular entity?

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 2253-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Traverse-Glehen ◽  
Lucile Baseggio ◽  
Evelyne Callet- Bauchu ◽  
Dominique Morel ◽  
Sophie Gazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Molecular Entity ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Frequent Absence ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

The presence of circulating villous lymphocytes (VLs) in lymphoma patients usually points to splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL), even if the VLs can be found occasionally in other small B-cell lymphomas. However, those cells are variably described, and detailed cytologic characterization is often lacking. We identified lymphoma cases with numerous basophilic VLs among the large group of splenic lymphoma with VLs, and for further delineation, 37 cases with this particular cytology were analyzed. Patients, predominantly older men, presented with moderate lymphocytosis and splenomegaly without pancytopenia. The monoclonal B cells expressed IgM + D, IgM + G, IgM or IgG, as well as CD76 and CD11c, frequently CD103, and rarely CD123. Spleen sections were peculiar, with atrophic white pulp and a monomorphic diffuse lymphoma infiltration in a congested red pulp. Bone marrow infiltration was interstitial and intrasinusoidal without extensive fibrosis. Cytogenetic analysis showed a frequent absence of clonal aberrations (68%). Most cases (79%) were IgH mutated, with an overrepresentation of VH3 and VH4 gene families. These results, as well as the clinical evolution, show that those lymphoma cases represent a homogeneous group distinct from SMZL and reminiscent of hairy cell leukemia variant, perhaps corresponding to a separate lymphoma entity.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of Intrinsic Innervation in the Human Thymus and Spleen

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valsamo K. Anagnostou ◽  
Ipatia Doussis-Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Dina G. Tiniakos ◽  
Despina Karandrea ◽  
Emmanouil Agapitos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Intrinsic Innervation ◽  
Corticomedullary Junction ◽  
Central Artery ◽  
Red Pulp

The ontogeny of the innervation of human lymphoid organs has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to assess the nature and distribution of parenchymal nerves in human fetal thymus and spleen. We used the peroxidase immunohistochemical technique with antibodies specific to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilaments (NF), PGP9.5, S100 protein, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and evaluated our results with image analysis. In human fetal thymus, NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerves were identified associated with large blood vessels from 18 gestational weeks (gw) onwards, increasing in density during development. Their branches penetrated the septal areas at 20 gw, reaching the cortex and the corticomedullary junction between 20 and 23 gw. Few nerve fibers were seen in the medulla in close association with Hassall's corpuscles. In human fetal spleen, NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerve fibers were localized in the connective tissue surrounding the splenic artery at 18 gw. Perivascular NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerve fibers were seen extending into the white pulp, mainly in association with the central artery and its branches, increasing in density during gestation. Scattered NSE-, NF-, S100-, PGP9.5-, and TH-positive nerve fibers and endings were localized in the red pulp from 18 gw onward. The predominant perivascular distribution of most parenchymal nerves implies that thymic and splenic innervation may play an important functional role during intrauterine life. (J Histochem Cytochem 55: 813–820, 2007)

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid biosynthesis: a precursor study on plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson D. Barata-Soares ◽  
Maria Luiza P. A. Gomez ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Mesquita ◽  
Franco M. Lajolo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Red Pulp

Since the first isolation of ascorbic acid (AsA) in 1928, few papers have been published regarding the biosynthesis of AsA in plants, especially in fruits. It took as long as 1998, before Wheeler, Jones and Smirnoff, based on a study with Arabidopsis leaves, proposed what can be considered the main pathway of biosynthesis of AsA, in which L-galactose (L-GAL) is a key precursor. This paper reports the effectiveness of some precursors (cold or radiolabeled) in the biosynthesis of AsA in different plants: green sweet pepper, white-pulp guava, red-pulp guava, papaya and strawberry at two ripening stages (mature green and ripe for papaya and mature green and half red for strawberry) and broccoli. The 'Smirnoff-Wheeler' pathway was functioning and active in all sources studied, as demonstrated by the increase in AsA contents and incorporation of labeled precursors into AsA. In papaya, the AsA content in the ripe fruit was higher than in the mature green, indicating the synthesis of AsA during ripening. On the other hand, the AsA content in the mature green strawberry was similar to that of the half red fruits. Our data demonstrate that L-GAL and L-Galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GL) are effective precursors for the biosynthesis of AsA in fruits and also provided additional evidence for the participation of D-mannose (D-MAN) and D-glucose-1P in the biosynthesis of AsA in plants.

scholarly journals Studi Histopatologi Limpa dan Bursa Fabricious Ayam Berpenyakit Tetelo (Newcastle Disease) pada Kasus Lapang (HISTOPATHOLOGY STUDIES ON SPLEEN AND BURSA OF FABRICIUS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE CHICKHENS FROM FIELD CASE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Etriwati Etriwati ◽  
Ekowati Handharyani ◽  
Surachmi Setiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Degree Of Reaction ◽  
Avian Disease ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
Red Pulp

Newcastle Disease is a highly contagious and very virulent avian disease in all of poultry. The aims of this study were to determine the lesions and distribution of Newcastle disease virus on spleen and bursa of Fabricous of Newcastle disease chickhens from field cases. The sample used in this study were the spleen and bursa Fabricious organ of ten cases of suspect Newcastle disease. Haematoxylin and eosin staining examination was performed determine of cell morphology and distribution of the virus by immunohistochemical staining. The distribution of the lesions and the degree of reaction were determined by the category immunopositive mild, moderate and severe. Gross lesion on spleen, including swollen, fragile and necrotic multifocal. Histopathological lesions showed hyperemia/congestion and depletion of lymphoid cells. Immunopositive reaction found in lymphoid cells of red pulp and lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles. Bursa of Fabricious showed atrophy and hyperemia/congestion with histopatological lesions hemorrhages, lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles undergo necrosis and depletion of lymphoid follicles. Immunopositif reaction was observed in lymphoid cells in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. Newcastle disease from field cases cause damage to the spleen and bursa of Fabricius with degrees lesions and virus distribution in the organs are severe.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Histopathologic Analysis of Lymphoid Depletion in Murine Spleens Following Infection with Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA Deletion Mutant

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
N. F. Cheville ◽  
F. M. Tatum
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Marginal Zones

BALB/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with suspensions of Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA mutant. Spleens were examined on postinoculation day (PID) 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30, and 60. Brucellae were cultured in high numbers from the spleens of mice infected with strains 2308 or htrA through PID 60; however, mice infected with strain RB51 cleared the infection between PID 30 and PID 60. Histopathologic changes in spleens from 2308-infected mice were characterized by marked accumulations of macrophages, which expanded marginal zones beginning as early as PID 7 and persisting through PID 60. Morphometric analysis showed a decrease in splenic white pulp in 2308-infected mice at PID 10, which correlated with the peak of bacterial infection. Although this decrease was significant ( P < 0.05) when compared with values at the previous (PID 7) and the following (PID 15) time periods, it was not significantly different from white pulp values noted at PID 2 or PID 4 or the values for control spleens. Spleens from RB51-infected mice showed only mild to moderate accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas during the peak of RB51 infection (PID 7-10). Morphometric analysis of RB51-infected spleens showed a decrease in white pulp area, which coincided with peak bacterial numbers. However, this decrease was not significant ( P > 0.05). Spleens from mice infected with the htrA mutant showed moderate to marked accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas, which persisted through PID 60. Multifocal necrosis in lymphoid follicles as early as PID 4 was seen in both htrA and 2308 infection. Morphometric analysis of htrA-infected spleens revealed no significant decrease in white pulp and no obvious correlation with bacterial numbers in the spleen. These results suggest that virulent B. abortus does not induce lymphoid depletion significantly below those values seen in noninfected mice; thus, the possible role of lymphoid depletion in the pathogenesis of brucellosis remains questionable.

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