scholarly journals The Influence of Anticholinergic Drug Selection on the Effectiveness of Oximes Against Soman-Induced Supralethal Poisoning in Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Prophylactic Administration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection For

1. The influence of anticholinergic drugs (atropine, benactyzine, biperiden) on the efficacy of monopyridinium and bispyridinium oximes (HI-6, BI-6, obidoxime, pralidoxime, methoxime) on soman-induced supralethal poisoning was studied in mice. 2. While methoxime combined with benactyzine or biperiden seems to be more efficacious in the elimination of toxic effects of supralethal dose of soman than its combination with atropine, the efficacy of the other oximes studied against soman-induced toxic effects is not significantly influenced by the anticholinergic drug selection. 3. On the other hand, there are big differences in the effectiveness of oximes tested as to their ability to eliminate toxic effects of soman at supralethal doses. 4. The findings support the fact that the choice of acetylcholinesterase reactivator is more important than the anticholinergic drug selection for the effectivenes of antidotal mixture in the case of prophylactic administration of antidotes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Anticholinergic Drug and Oxime Selection on the Effectiveness of Antidotal Treatment Against Tabun-Induced Poisoning in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators

1. The influence of oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) and anticholinergic drugs (atropine, benactyzine, biperiden, scopolamine) on the effectiveness of antidotal treatment to eliminate tabun-induced lethal effects was studied in mice. 2. Obidoxime seems to be the most efficacious oxime for the elimination of tabun-induced lethal effects in mice, although the difference in the efficacy of obidoxime and HI-6 is not significant when they are combined with atropine. 3. Obidoxime and HI-6 when combined with centrally acting anticholinergic drugs (benactyzine, biperiden and scopolamine) seem to be more efficacious in the elimination of toxic effects of the lethal dose of tabun than their combination with atropine. 4. The findings support the hypothesis that the choice of acetylcholinesterase reactivators as well as the anticholinergic drug selection are important for the effectiveness of antidotal mixture in the case of antidotal treatment of tabun-induced acute poisoning.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Therapeutic and Anticonvulsive Efficacy of a Drug Combination Consisting of Trihexyphenidyle and HI-6 in Soman-Poisoned Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Ivan Samnaliev
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combination ◽  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Acute Toxic

1. The influence of two anticholinergic drugs (atropine, trihexyphenidyle) on the effectiveness of antidotal treatment to eliminate soman-induced lethal effects and convulsions was studied in rats. 2. The oxime HI-6 when combined with centrally acting anticholinergic drug trihexyphenidyle seems to be more efficacious in the elimination of acute toxic effects of soman than its combination with atropine. 3. The findings support the hypothesis that the choice of the anticholinergic drug is important for the effectiveness of antidotal mixture in the case of antidotal treatment of soman-induced acute poisoning.

scholarly journals The Influence of Oxime Selection on the Efficacy of Antidotal Treatment of Soman-Poisoned Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Josef Fusek
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
On Line ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators

1. The influence of some acetylcholinesterase reactivators (HI-6, obidoxime, pralidoxime) on the efficacy of antidotal treatment to eliminate soman-induced disturbance of respiration and circulation and to protect experimental animals poisoned with supralethal dose of soman (1.5 × LD50) was investigated in a rat model with on-line monitoring of respiratory and circulatory parameters. 2. Obidoxime or pralidoxime in combination with atropine were insufficient to enable soman-poisoned rats to survive for 2 hours when given 1 minute after the administration of soman. 3. On the other hand, the ability of the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine to prevent soman-induced alteration of respiration and circulation was significantly higher. Some rats treated with HI-6 in combination with atropine were fully protected against the lethal toxic effects of soman within 2 hours following soman administration. 4. Our findings confirm that the oxime HI-6 seems to be a much more suitable and efficacious acetylcholinesterase reactivator for the antidotal treatment of severe acute soman-induced poisoning than currently used obidoxime or pralidoxime.

THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER COPPER ON AMMONIFICATION, NITRIFICATION AND PROTEOLYTIC POPULATION IN SOME ORGANIC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. MATHUR ◽  
C. M. PRESTON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
Extracellular Proteolysis

As a part of attempts at examining the suitability of using moderate amounts of Cu for mitigating the undesirably fast decomposition and subsidence of some organic soils, this investigation revealed that both total and DTPA-TEA-extractable Cu contents of 14 samples of cultivated organic soils correlated negatively with the total microbial population counted on soil extract-acitidione-gelatin agar plates and positively with the percentage of that population capable of extracellular proteolysis. On the other hand, the concentrations of both total and extractable Cu did not correlate with either the total number of proteolytic organisms counted, or the capacities of the soils for ammonification and nitrification. The results are, therefore, in accord with the belief that Cu curtails the decomposition of organic soils primarily through inactivation of accumulated soil enzymes, but not through direct toxic effects on the general soil microbial population.

scholarly journals Narrativa e discurso através da “Montagem” fotográfica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Fior Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Film Editing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Post Production ◽  
The One

In photograph the association of images occurs in sequential photographs, photographic series, essays or in in selecting photos to exhibition through photo books, galleries, installations, etc. The film, on the other hand, consists in slices of time and space, that united and organized through the montage can generate a narrative.The process of photographic post-production, the one that starts in the instant after the click, can be closely compared to the montage and post-production film process, once the union of two or more images generates a new meaning, different from the isolated meaning of each one. This idea can be used both in the film editing, as well in the conception of photographic narratives.And this is what paper proposes, reflect about the correlations between the cinematographic montage and photographs selection for the narratives construction.In cinema montage theory there are some extremely important theorists and directors that can be availed when we think about photographic “montage” and the discourse construction through the association of images. In this way the text approaches some the most important directors and theorists of film editing, seeking to reflect about their methods and how they can be applied in the photographic “montage” and how they can contribute to expand photography narrative possibilities through the images association to generate new discourses.

scholarly journals Host Genetics of Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in Sows: Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe M. W. Hickmann ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
Luke M. Kramer ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent A. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is historically the most economically important swine disease worldwide that severely affects the reproductive performance of sows. However, little is still known about the genetic basis of reproductive performance in purebred herds during a PRRS outbreak through the comparison of maternal and terminal breeds. Thus, the objective of this work was to explore the host genetics of response to PRRS in purebred sows from two breeds. Reproductive data included 2546 Duroc and 2522 Landrace litters from 894 and 813 purebred sows, respectively, which had high-density genotype data available (29,799 single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs). The data were split into pre-PRRS, PRRS, and post-PRRS phases based on standardized farrow-year-week estimates. Heritability estimates for reproductive traits were low to moderate (≤0.20) for Duroc and Landrace across PRRS phases. On the other hand, genetic correlations of reproductive traits between PRRS phases were overall moderate to high for both breeds. Several associations between MARC0034894, a candidate SNP for response to PRRS, with reproductive performance were identified (P-value < 0.05). Genomic analyses detected few QTL for reproductive performance across all phases, most explaining a small percentage of the additive genetic variance (≤8.2%, averaging 2.1%), indicating that these traits are highly polygenic. None of the identified QTL within a breed and trait overlapped between PRRS phases. Overall, our results indicate that Duroc sows are phenotypically more resilient to PRRS than Landrace sows, with a similar return to PRRS-free performance between breeds for most reproductive traits. Genomic prediction results indicate that genomic selection for improved reproductive performance under a PRRS outbreak is possible, especially in Landrace sows, by training markers using data from PRRS-challenged sows. On the other hand, the high genetic correlations with reproductive traits between PRRS phases suggest that selection for improved reproductive performance in a clean environment could improve performance during PRRS, but with limited efficiency due to their low heritability estimates. Thus, we hypothesize that an indicator trait that could be indirectly selected to increase the response to selection for these traits would be desirable and would also improve the reproductive performance of sows during a PRRS outbreak.

Catalepsy induced by morphine or haloperidol: effects of apomorphine and anticholinergic drugs

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ezrin-Waters ◽  
P. Muller ◽  
P. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the extent of cholinergic involvement in opiate-induced catalepsy, the effects of three anticholinergic drugs were studied on morphine-induced catalepsy. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy was also examined. Maximum catalepsy in rats was obtained with 30 mg/kg morphine or 3 mg/kg haloperidol. The anticholinergic drugs atropine, benztropine, and scopolamine were unable to antagonize morphine-induced catalepsy, yet readily antagonized haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Low doses of apomorphine (7.5 mg/kg), on the other hand, readily antagonized morphine catalepsy, but 13-fold higher doses of apomorphine were needed to block haloperidol-induced catalepsy. The results are compatible with the idea that catalepsy can be mediated via the striatum or the amygdala; morphine–dopamine antagonism may occur in the amygdala, whereas morphine–dopamine–cholinergic interactions occur in the striatum.

scholarly journals Effects of Aflatoxin on Some Haematological Parameters and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurcan Dönmez ◽  
H. H. Dönmez ◽  
E. Keskin ◽  
İ. Kısadere
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin on some hematological parameters and to determine the preventive effectiveness of added glucomannan. In the study, 32 Merino rams were used, and the rams were separated equally to four groups as control (C), glucomannan (G), glucomannan + aflatoxin (AG), and aflatoxin (A). Erythrocyte, leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were decreased in A group compared with the other groups, and there was a reduction in similar parameters in AG group compared to control values. On the other hand, these parameters were tended to increase in AG group compared to A group values. Aflatoxicosis caused the lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia but increased percentage of neutrophil counts. In conclusion, the results determined in the study might be important to demonstrate the effects of aflatoxicosis and glucomannan on some haematological parameters before the clinical symptoms appear.

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