scholarly journals Host Genetics of Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in Sows: Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe M. W. Hickmann ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
Luke M. Kramer ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent A. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is historically the most economically important swine disease worldwide that severely affects the reproductive performance of sows. However, little is still known about the genetic basis of reproductive performance in purebred herds during a PRRS outbreak through the comparison of maternal and terminal breeds. Thus, the objective of this work was to explore the host genetics of response to PRRS in purebred sows from two breeds. Reproductive data included 2546 Duroc and 2522 Landrace litters from 894 and 813 purebred sows, respectively, which had high-density genotype data available (29,799 single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs). The data were split into pre-PRRS, PRRS, and post-PRRS phases based on standardized farrow-year-week estimates. Heritability estimates for reproductive traits were low to moderate (≤0.20) for Duroc and Landrace across PRRS phases. On the other hand, genetic correlations of reproductive traits between PRRS phases were overall moderate to high for both breeds. Several associations between MARC0034894, a candidate SNP for response to PRRS, with reproductive performance were identified (P-value < 0.05). Genomic analyses detected few QTL for reproductive performance across all phases, most explaining a small percentage of the additive genetic variance (≤8.2%, averaging 2.1%), indicating that these traits are highly polygenic. None of the identified QTL within a breed and trait overlapped between PRRS phases. Overall, our results indicate that Duroc sows are phenotypically more resilient to PRRS than Landrace sows, with a similar return to PRRS-free performance between breeds for most reproductive traits. Genomic prediction results indicate that genomic selection for improved reproductive performance under a PRRS outbreak is possible, especially in Landrace sows, by training markers using data from PRRS-challenged sows. On the other hand, the high genetic correlations with reproductive traits between PRRS phases suggest that selection for improved reproductive performance in a clean environment could improve performance during PRRS, but with limited efficiency due to their low heritability estimates. Thus, we hypothesize that an indicator trait that could be indirectly selected to increase the response to selection for these traits would be desirable and would also improve the reproductive performance of sows during a PRRS outbreak.

Genetic parameter estimates (full sib and half sib analysis) of fertility and hatchability in two strains of Rhode Island chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
M. Orunmuyi ◽  
I. A. Adeyinka ◽  
O.O Oni
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates

A study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of fertility and hatchability in two strains of Rhode Island Red (RIR) Chickens denoted as Strain A and Strain B respectively using the full-sib (sire +dam variance) and maternal half-sib (dam variance) components. The birds were obtained from the selected populations of RIR Chickens kept at the poultry breeding programme of National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria. Settable eggs were collected from mating 28 cocks to 252 hens in a ratio of 1cock:9 hens from each strain. Eggs were pedigreed according to sire and dam. Results showed that values obtained for number of egg set (EGGSET), number of fertile eggs (NFERT), number of hatched chicks (NHATCH), percentage of chicks hatched from total eggs set (PHATCH) and percentage of chicks hatched from fertile eggs (PHATCHBL) were all higher in strain A than strain B. Heritability estimates obtained from the full-sib and maternal half-sib analysis ranged from medium to high for the two strains (0.24-0.96). The maternal half sib estimates were higher (0.40-0.96) than the estimates obtained from full sibs (0.24- 0.48). Genetic and phenotypic correlations obtained for both strains were positive and similar regardless of method of estimation. Genetic correlations between EGGSET and PFERT were low in strain A using both full-sib and maternal half-sib analyses (0.09-0.14). Phenotypic correlations between EGGSET and PFERT, PHATCH and PHATCHBL were also low in both strains and regardless of method of analyses. Moderate to high heritability estimates suggest that genetic improvement can be obtained by selection of these reproductive traits. The full-sib analysis for estimating heritability will be preferred since it is assumed that only additive genetic variance contributes to the covariance between family members.

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for reproductive performance in a synthetic line of sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Martin ◽  
D. Nicholson ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
D. I. Sales
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Synthetic Line

SUMMARYData on 902 ewes (1755 records) bom over 7 years in the synthetic ABRO Dam Line were analysed by least squares. Reproductive traits of the ewe were not affected by whether she was a single or a twin or by the age of her dam. Ewe age had major effects on all reproductive traits. Litter weight traits were affected by the sex distribution and the age of the litter when weighed.Heritability estimates, both by half sib and regression methods, were low for litter size, low to moderate for litter weights, and higher for ewe and fleece weights. Genetic correlations among the litter-weight traits were high. Together with the heritability estimates, they indicated that selection on litter weight at birth (and perhaps other traits) might give a greater change in total litter weight at weaning, the main measure of ewe productivity and the objective in improvement, than would direct selection.

Genetic studies on growth, reproduction and wool productiontraits in Harnali sheep

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPACE Lalit ◽  
Z. S. Malik ◽  
D. S. Dalal ◽  
C. S. Patil ◽  
S. P. Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Fleece Weight

Data on growth, reproduction and wool traits of 1603 Harnali sheep maintained at Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar over a period of 22 years (1992-2013) were utilized for genetic analysis. The overall least squares mean for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six month body weight (SMW), age at first lambing (AFL), weight at lambing (WL), average lambing interval (ALI), greasy fleece weight (GFW), staple length (SL) and Fibre diameter (FD) were estimated as 3.35±0.02 kg, 12.41±0.08 kg, 16.30±0.12 kg, 707.05±2.07 days, 26.91±0.10 kg and 402.85±2.40 days, 1.62±0.02 kg, 5.65±0.03 cm and 25.85±0.07 μ, respectively. The effect of year of birth, sex of lamb and dam's weight at lambing were significant for all growth traits. The effect of year of birth and dam's weight at lambing were significant for all reproduction traits and GFW. No definite trend was observed over the years for body weights and reproductive traits. The effect of sex was significant for early growth traits. The heritability estimates were moderate for all the growth traits with high genetic correlations of BW and WW with SMW. Reproduction traits had lower estimates of heritability which indicated presence of lower additive genetic variance for these traits. Heritability estimates for studied wool traits were moderate to high. Positive genetic and phenotypic correlation of BW and WW with six month body weight and grease fleece weight indicated that selection for six month body weight would increase body weight and grease fleece weight.

Genetic parameters of the duration of fertility in hens

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Box Cox Transformation

After two successive artificial inseminations (AI) with 125 × 106 spermatozoa, various characteristics of the duration of fertility were observed in 2375 egg-type hens at 33 and 44 wk of age: number of fertile (F) or hatched (H) eggs during a 21-d control period after AI, early, medium or late embryonic mortalities occurring at the same time and efficient (De) and maximum (Dm) duration (i.e. time between AI and the first clear egg or the last fertile egg, respectively). Heritability estimates of F, H, De or Dm ranged from 0.08 to 0.31. All genetic correlations between these variables (measured at the same age) were high (0.45–0.99) as well as those between the same variable measured at different ages (0.30–0.97). Estimates of genetic parameters varied little when estimated by Henderson's method III or REML but with the second method only all estimates were within the parameter space. A Box-Cox transformation of data slightly modified heritability estimates and animal ranking after genetic evaluation. The best criterion of selection for duration of fertility seems to be H as it is economically important, well heritable and highly correlated with the other characteristics of duration of fertility. Key words: Genetic parameters, fertility, poultry, Restricted Maximum Likelihood

scholarly journals Correlation of litter size traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Cedomir Radovic ◽  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
Nenad Brkic ◽  
Nenad Parunovic ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Individual Weight ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Heredity and correlation of litter size traits were observed in 3693 litters, i.e. in 1622 daughters of two genotypes Swedish Landrace genotype - SL; and F1 ? SLxLW. The study included daughters (minimum ten daughters per sire) of 24 sires. Heritability estimates for the total number of piglets per litter in the first, the first two parities, and for all three parities was 0.174; 0.167 and 0.135. Heritability estimates for the number of piglets born alive were 0.181; 0.160 and 0.121, and for the weight of litter at birth 0.166; 0.174 and 0.150. On the other hand, very low heritability was determined for the number of weaned piglets, litter weight of piglets reared, individual weight of born and reared piglets, i.e. for the traits that are under greater influence of the environment (from 0.004 to 0.037). Phenotypic and genetic correlations ranged from weak to complete (rp = 0.021 to rp = 0.973 and rg=0.188 to rg=0.999, respectively). Analysis of the significance of correlations showed that the genetic correlations were statistically highly significant (P <0.01).

127 Antibody Response as an Indicator Trait for Improved Reproductive Performance During a PRRSV Outbreak: Genetic Correlations of S/P Ratio with Reproductive Traits in Landrace and Duroc Sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Felipe Hickmann ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
Luke M Kramer ◽  
Kent A Gray ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Indicator Trait

Abstract Previous studies proposed the use of antibody response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV), measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, as a potential indicator trait to improve the reproductive performance of PRRSV-infected Landrace sows. However, this indicator trait has not yet been validated in Landrace sows or evaluated in a terminal sire line, such as Duroc. The main objective of this work was to perform host-genetic analyses of S/P ratio and reproductive traits during a PRRSV outbreak in maternal and terminal breeds. The data consisted of 690 Duroc and 541 Landrace multiparous sows (1.9±1.2 and 2.3±1.5, respectively) with S/P ratio collected at approximately 54 days after the predicted beginning of the outbreak. Of these, 644 Duroc and 528 Landrace sows also had reproductive data recorded during the PRRSV outbreak comprising number of piglets born alive (NBA), stillborn piglets (NSB), mummified piglets (NBM), number born dead (NBD; sum of NSB and NBM), total number born (TNB; sum of NBA and NBD), and number weaned (NW). All animals had genotype data on ~30K SNPs common across both breeds. Heritability estimates (± standard error) of S/P ratio during the PRRSV outbreak were moderate, with 0.33±0.06 for Duroc and 0.28±0.07 for Landrace. Reproductive traits during the PRRSV outbreak had overall low heritability estimates (≤0.18). Favorable genetic correlations of S/P ratio with NBA (0.65±0.33), in accordance with previous studies, and NBD (-0.33±0.28) were observed for Landrace sows only. Estimates of genetic correlation with other traits were -0.21±0.30 (NBM), -0.12±0.29 (NSB), 0.10±0.38 (NW), and 0.54±1.29 (TNB) for Landrace. For Duroc, these estimates were weaker: -0.33±0.40 (NBA), 0.26±0.27 (NBA), and 0.28±0.30 (NW), with convergence issues for mortality traits. These results further support the use of S/P ratio as an indicator trait for improved reproductive performance during a PRRSV outbreak in Landrace sows.

Genetic parameters for reproductive performance of breeding cows and carcass traits of fattening animals in Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oyama ◽  
T. Katsuta ◽  
K. Anada ◽  
F. Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Selection For

AbstractReproductive performance is receiving increased attention from beef cattle producers. There are concerns that intensive selection for carcass traits might reduce the reproductive performance of females. Genetic parameters among six carcass traits and, age at first calving (AFC), gestation length (GL), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) under year-round artificial insemination were estimated. Reproductive traits were extracted from 174005 calving records of Japanese Black cows and were analysed with 31364 carcass records. The restricted maximum likelihood procedure under animal models was used to estimate the parameters. Heritabilities of AFC, GL, DO and CI were estimated to be 0.20, 0.40, 0.05 and 0.05, respectively, and those of carcass traits were higher, ranging from 0.38 to 0.56. Genetic correlations of CI with AFC and GL were 0.25 and 0.16, respectively, while no relationship was observed between AFC and GL. Correlations among carcass traits were generally favourable and a slightly negative estimate was obtained between subcutaneous fat thickness and marbling score. Genetic correlations for AFC were -0.27 with carcass weight and -0.24 with marbling score. In contrast, GL, DO and CI were genetically independent of carcass traits. Genetic relationships between reproductive and carcass traits were generally low, and therefore serious antagonism was not observed. The results suggested that selection for carcass traits would not compromise genetic progress in reproductive traits.

129 Genomic Relationship Between PRRSV Wild-type Infection and PRRSV Vaccination for Antibody Response and Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Leticia P Sanglard ◽  
Felipe Hickmann ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent A Gray ◽  
Daniel Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Large White ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Indicator Trait ◽  
Type Infection

Abstract Immunoglobulin G antibody response, measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been proposed as an indicator trait for improved reproductive performance in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and PRRSV-vaccinated crossbred gilts. In this study, we investigated the genetic correlations (rg) of S/P ratio following a PRRSV outbreak and PRRSV-vaccination with performance in non-exposed and PRRSV-exposed sows. PRRSV outbreak phase was defined based on previously described methodologies after the detection of typical clinical signs of PRRSV infection. 541 Landrace sows had S/P ratio measured at ~54 days after the beginning of the PRRSV outbreak (S/Poutbreak), and 906 Landrace x Large White naïve F1 gilts had S/P ratio measured at ~50 days after vaccination with a commercial modified live PRRSV vaccine (S/PVx). 711 and 428 Landrace sows had reproductive performance recorded before and during the PRRSV outbreak, respectively. 811 vaccinated F1 animals had farrowing performance for up to 3 parities. All animals were genotyped for ~28K SNPs. The estimate of rg of S/Poutbreakwith S/PVx was high (rg±SE = 0.72±0.18). Estimates of rg of S/Poutbreak with reproductive performance in F1 sows were low to moderate, ranging from 0.05±0.23 (number stillborn) to 0.30±0.20 (total number born). Estimates of rg of S/PVxwith reproductive performance in non-infected purebred sows were moderate and favorable with number born alive (0.50±0.23), but low (0 to -0.11±0.23) with litter mortality traits. Estimates of rg of S/PVx were moderate and negative (-0.47±0.18) with the number of mummies in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and low with other traits (-0.29±0.18 for total number born to 0.05±0.18 for number stillborn). These results indicate that selection for antibody response following a PRRSV outbreak collected in purebred sows and to PRRSV vaccination collected in commercial crossbred gilts may increase litter size of non-infected and PRRSV-exposed purebred and commercial crossbred sows.

Genetics of early and lifetime annual reproductive performance in cows of two tropical beef genotypes in northern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
S. A. Barwick ◽  
G. Fordyce ◽  
R. G. Holroyd ◽  
P. J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds ◽  
Calving Rate

Reproduction records from 2137 cows first mated at 2 years of age and recorded through to 8.5 years of age were used to study the genetics of early and lifetime reproductive performance from two genotypes (1020 Brahman and 1117 Tropical Composite) in tropical Australian production systems. Regular ultrasound scanning of the reproductive tract, coupled with full recording of mating, calving and weaning histories, allowed a comprehensive evaluation of a range of reproductive traits. Results showed components traits of early reproductive performance had moderate to high heritabilities, especially in Brahmans. The heritability of lactation anoestrous interval in 3-year-old cows was 0.51 ± 0.18 and 0.26 ± 0.11 for Brahman and Tropical Composite, respectively. Heritabilities of binary reproductive output traits (conception rate, pregnancy rate, calving rate and weaning rate) from first and second matings were generally moderate to high on the underlying scale. Estimates ranged from 0.15 to 0.69 in Brahman and 0.15 to 0.34 in Tropical Composite, but were considerably lower when expressed on the observed scale, particularly for those traits with high mean levels. Heritabilities of lifetime reproduction traits were low, with estimates of 0.11 ± 0.06 and 0.07 ± 0.06 for lifetime annual weaning rate in Brahman and Tropical Composite, respectively. Significant differences in mean reproductive performance were observed between the two genotypes, especially for traits associated with anoestrus in first-lactation cows. Genetic correlations between early-in-life reproductive measures and lifetime reproduction traits were moderate to high. Genetic correlations between lactation anoestrous interval and lifetime annual weaning rate were –0.62 ± 0.24 in Brahman and –0.87 ± 0.32 in Tropical Composite. The results emphasise the substantial opportunity that exists to genetically improve weaning rates in tropical beef cattle breeds by focusing recording and selection on early-in-life female reproduction traits, particularly in Brahman for traits associated with lactation anoestrus.

EFFECT OF SELECTION FOR CARCASS SCORE ON THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF ITS COMPONENTS IN SWINE

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FAHMY ◽  
C. BERNARD
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Three Components

Selection for carcass score was practiced for ten generations in two separate lines of Yorkshire pigs. Three components of the score were studied: carcass length, loin eye area, and backfat thickness. In line 2, carcass score was the sole criterion of selection, while in line 3, it was combined with feed utilization into an overall merit. Line 1, selected solely for feed utilization, served as a control. Carcass length and loin eye area increased by approximately 2 and 9%, respectively, in both lines. However, backfat thickness also increased by about 3% in line 2 and 0.4% in line 3. Pooled heritability estimates derived from the analysis of variance and the regression of offspring on mid-parent were 0.64 for carcass length, 0.48 for loin eye area and 0.67 for backfat thickness. Genetic correlations among the components of carcass score, between the components and carcass score and between the components and feed utilization were moderately high and favorable for combined genetic improvement of all traits.

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