scholarly journals Response of wheat varieties to salinity: growth, yield and ion analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Hina Nazir ◽  
Humaira Gul ◽  
Mamoona Rauf ◽  
Tabassum Yaseen ◽  
Khushnood Ur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Water Loss

In plants, development, growth and yield most severely affected through saline soil/water in growth medium, ultimately cause severe threat to global food production for human being. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most edible crop in Pakistan. Production of this crop can be improved through using marginal areas with the help of growing salt-tolerant varieties. The present investigation is carried out to screen out six local wheat varieties (F.Sarhad, Insaf, Lalma, Tatora, Bathoor and Barsat) with reference to their vegetative and reproductive growth, different physiological parameters [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte-leakage (EL) and leaf water loss (LWL)] and ionic status of plants. Present experiment designed in completely randomized manner (CRD) and 54 pots were arranged in the Botanical Garden, Department of Botany. These pots arranged in 6 lines with 9 pots/line and each line was irrigated with non-saline (control), 50 mM and 150 mM NaCl solution. The data from present research revealed that application of salt cause significant reduction in plant-height, root-length, fresh-biomass, dry-biomass, seed number/plant, seed weight/plant, spike-weight, relative water content, leaf water loss, and different ions of plants. Similarly at same applied doses of salt weight of 100 seeds, spike-length, electrolyte-leakage, Na+ and Cl- ions become increased. It has been concluded from the results of present study that varieties F. Sarhad, Insaf and Lalma exhibited more salt tolerance as compare to other varieties. So, these recommended for growing on moderately salt affected soil/water to achieve more yield of wheat from such affected lands of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Evaluation of Excised Leaf Water Loss and Relative Water Content, As Screening Techniques for Breeding Drought Resistant Wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid-ur-Rahman . ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Shah . ◽  
Mehboob-ur-Rahman . ◽  
Tanwir Ahmad Malik .
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Drought Resistant

scholarly journals Relationships Among Water Potential Components, Relative Water Content, and Stomatal Resistance of Field-Grown Peanut Leaves1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote ◽  
L. C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Abstract Limited data exist describing the physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants to tissue water deficits. Detailed field experiments which accurately define the water status of both the plant and soil are required to better understand the effects of water stress on a peanut crop. The objectives of the present study were 1) to describe the changes in leaf water potential components during a drying cycle, and 2) to define the relationships among soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf turgor potential, relative water content, leaf-air temperature differential, and leaf diffusive resistance as water stress was imposed on a peanut crop. During a 28-day drying period where both rainfall and irrigation were withheld from peanut plants, midday measurements of the physiological parameters and volumetric soil water contents were taken concurrently. As soil drying progressed, water extraction from the upper soil depths was limited as soil moisture approached 0.04 m3m-3. Leaf water potentials and leaf turgor potentials of nonirrigated plants decreased to approximately −2.0 and 0 MPa, respectively, by the end of the experimental period. Leaf water potentials declined only gradually as the average volumetric soil water content in the upper 90 cm of soil decreased from 0.12 to 0.04 m3m-3. Further reductions in soil water content caused large reductions in leaf water potential. As volumetric soil moisture content decreased slightly below 0.04 m3m-3 in the upper 90 cm, leaf relative water content dropped to 86%, leaf water potential approached −1.6 MPa and leaf turgor potential decreased to 0 MPa. Concurrently, stomatal closure resulted and leaf temperature increased above air temperature. Osmotic potentials measured at 100% relative water content were similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plants, suggesting little or no osmotic regulation.

Assessment of flag leaf water status as drought tolerance discriminating trait in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 016-027
Author(s):  
Hadda Mebarki ◽  
Ouassila Ziane ◽  
Hadjer Merbah ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Relative Water

Drought is a prominent limiting factor that impacts negatively durum wheat grain yield. Ten durum wheat breeding lines were evaluated under rainfall conditions at the Field Crop Institute Agricultural Experimental Station of Setif, Algeria, during the 2016/2017 cropping season. The investigation aimed to study the ability of flag leaf water status to discriminate among varieties for drought tolerance trait. Significant variability was observed among the tested varieties for leaf dry, wilted and turgid weights, leaf relative water content, water saturation deficit and excised water loss, after three wilting periods of 30, 60 and 90 minutes dehydration at 40°C. The assessed breeding lines were differentially categorized as drought tolerant and drought sensitive based on either relative water content or water saturation deficit or excised leaf water loss genotypic mean values. Correlation, principal components and cluster analyses indicated an unwanted significant association between excised leaf water loss and relative water content and water saturation deficit and classified the assessed entries into three clusters (CI, C2 and C3). Cluster C1 had high relative water content, low water saturation deficit but high excised water loss, while C3 had low relative water content, low excised leaf water but high-water saturation deficit, C2 being intermediate. Crosses between distant clusters (C1 vs C3) are proposed to generate more variability of the targeted traits in progeny population and to break undesirable linkage between alleles controlling leaf water status, allowing to select efficiently drought tolerant genotypes.

Agronomic and Physiological Responses of Soybean and Sorghum Crops to Water Deficits. III. Components of Leaf Water Potential, Leaf Conductance, 14co2 Photosynthesis and Adaptation to Water Deficits.

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Turner ◽  
JE Begg ◽  
HM Rawson ◽  
SD English ◽  
AB Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Relative Water

Concurrent measurements of leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, leaf relative water content, quantum flux density, leaf conductance, 14CO2 photosynthesis, soluble and insoluble sugars, starch and potassium concentrations were made diurnally on six occasions between flowering and maturity on upper leaves of irrigated and rainfed crops of soybean (cvv. Ruse and Bragg) and a rainfed crop of sorghum (cv. TX 610). With adequate soil water, sorghum had lower values of leaf conductance than did soybeans at high light and yet had higher rates of photosynthesis. Stage of plant development had no effect on either leaf conductance or photosynthesis of the youngest fully expanded leaves of both sorghum and soybean, but starch accumulation in the leaf over the day was less at grain-filling than at flowering in the soybean. Starch and sugar levels in the leaf had no apparent effect on photosynthesis. The daily minimum leaf water potential decreased in Ruse soybean from - 1.5 to -2.7 MPa as soil water was depleted. Late in the drying cycle, the daily minimum leaf water potential was higher in Bragg than in Ruse. In both cultivars, stomatal closure and decrease in 14CO2 photosynthesis commenced at leaf water potentials below - 1.5 MPa. Thus, the effect of water deficits on leaf conductance and photosynthesis occurred later in the drying cycle in Bragg than Ruse. As photosynthesis decreased with the depletion of soil water, starch accumulation in leaves of both cultivars of soybean decreased; changes in soluble and insoluble sugars and in potassium were small. The relationships among leaf water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, and leaf relative water content did not change with season or soil water depletion. Bragg and Ruse soybeans showed a similar response and both approached zero turgor at the same relative water content (82-83 %) and the same leaf water potential (- 1.5 to - 1.7 MPa). No evidence ofr osmotic adjustment was found in either soybean cultivar.

scholarly journals Biochemical metabolism of two cultivars of cowpea treated with 24-Epibrassinolide and subjected to saline stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso ◽  
Susana Silva Conceição ◽  
Ana Ecídia de Araújo Brito ◽  
Jéssica Taynara da Silva Martins ◽  
Liliane Corrêa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Relative Water

We aimed to evaluate the changes in biochemical metabolism generated by salt stress and to investigate the effect of brassinosteroids in mitigating of this stress on two cultivars of Vigna unguiculata L. We used a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, using two cultivars of cowpea (BRS Guariba and BR3 Tracuateua - moderately tolerant and sensitive to salinity, respectively), three concentrations of brassinosteroids (0, 0.2 and 0.4 μM Br) and three concentrations of NaCl (0 , 50 and 100 mM NaCl), with four replicates. The following evaluations were carried out: relative water content, electrolyte leakage, nitrate levels, nitrate reductase activity, free ammonium, total soluble amino acids, soluble proteins, glycine betaine and proline. The results showed that salinity at 100 mM affected the nitrate reductase enzyme activity, the relative water content, total soluble amino acids and soluble proteins for cultivars BR3 Tracuateua, and BRS Guariba, but the 24-epibrassinolid attenuated the effects of salinity for these variables. The concentration of 0.2 μM of Br increased 55% and 20% in proline and glycine betaine contents, respectively, in both of cultivars. The plants under stress saline and 0.2 mM of 24-epibrassinolid, presented 42% and 58% reductions in electrolyte leakage of BR3 Tracuateua and BRS Guariba cultivars, respectively. The concentrations of ammonium were slightly varied. Therefore, the application of 0.2 μM of 24-epibrassinolid caused a greater acclimatization of the cultivars, being the BR3 Tracuateua (sensitive to salt) cultivar more expressive in most treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt-Tolerant Bacterial Inoculations on Rice Seedlings Differing in Salt-Tolerance under Saline Soil Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakiba Shultana ◽  
Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽  
Mohd Rafii Yusop ◽  
Halimi Mohd Saud ◽  
Arolu Fatai Ayanda
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be an alternative to alleviate salinity problems in rice plants grown in the coastal areas. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize salt-tolerant PGPR and observe their effects on the physiological and biochemical properties of rice plants grown under non-saline and saline glasshouse conditions. Three strains were selected based on their salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting properties under in vitro saline conditions. These strains were identified as Bacillus tequilensis (UPMRB9), Bacillus aryabhattai (UPMRE6), and Providencia stuartii (UPMRG1) using a 16S rRNA technique. The selected strains were inoculated to three different rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan67 (salt-tolerant), Putra-1 (moderate salt-tolerant), and MR297 (salt-susceptible) under glasshouse conditions. Results showed that the MR297 rice variety inoculated with UPMRB9 produced the highest total chlorophyll content, with an increment of 28%, and lowest electrolyte leakage of 92%. The Putra-1 rice variety also showed a 156% total dry matter increase with the inoculation of this bacterial strain. The highest increase of relative water content and reduction of Na/K ratio were found upon inoculation of UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively. The biggest significant effects of these bacterial inoculations were on relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and the Na/K ratio of the BRRI dhan67 rice variety under saline conditions, suggesting a synergistic effect on the mechanisms of plant salt-tolerance. This study has shown that the application of locally-isolated salt-tolerant PGPR strains could be an effective long-term and sustainable solution for rice cultivation in the coastal areas, which are affected by global climate change.

Increased drought resistance of black locust seedlings via pretreatment of seeds with paclobutrazol

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548-2551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Hui-Juan ◽  
Zeng Bin
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Relative Water

The drought resistance of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings was increased by pretreatment of seeds with 250 ppm paclobutrazol. Treated seeds produced seedlings with thick roots and higher root/shoot ratios. During osmotic stress, treated plants displayed greater relative water content, lower electrolyte leakage, and fewer symptoms of wilt when compared with untreated black locust seedlings. Paclobutrazol-treated seedlings accumulated more proline than untreated seedlings in response to drought. However, osmotically induced accumulation of putrescine, a possible marker of cellular stress, was reduced in the treated plants.

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