scholarly journals The necessity for human solidarity in Arthur Miller’s All My Sons

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-695
Author(s):  
Mostafa Saber Abdel-Hamid Mowaad
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Air Force ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
All My Sons ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Interpersonal Harm

Arthur Miller’s All My Sons depicts the human tendency of self-deception, betrayal and guilt which leads to the deterioration and the collapse of human values. The intensity of these elements may vary but they run through all of his plays. In All My Sons, Joe, a selfish businessman, in order to save his business from ruin, supplies defective cylinder heads to the American Air Force which results in the death of 21 fighter plane pilots. Joe atones for his crime by committing suicide. According to Miller, the American Dream creates false hopes that prevent people from being proud of what they have accomplished to make their lives better than they would be elsewhere, and eventually fail at achieving anything. Guilt is fundamentally a prosocial behavior because it strengthens interpersonal relationships. It is a kind of regretful, remorseful, painful, and aversive feeling aroused by one’s own actions or inactions. Guilt is different from regret in that guilt is more related to interpersonal harm whereas regret is more related to intrapersonal harm. Guilt is usually related to and is operationalized as the acceptance of responsibility for harm. Guilt has long been related to prosocial behavior. People tend to use altruistic means when under the stress of guilt.1

The Axiological Clash as a Key Determinant of Expanded and Destructive Political Conflict in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Radkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Psychological Sense ◽  
Mental Characteristics

This article examines the phenomenon of strong political conflict that takes place in Poland. It may be argued that because of its intensity, a level of excited emotions, and antagonizing effects on interpersonal relationships, it exhibits clear characteristics of the expanded and destructive conflict. This phenomenon is also reflected in the deepening bipolar division within the Polish electorate. The proposed theoretical perspective posits that the most important psychological source of this conflict should primarily be sought in the clash of two antagonistic axiological systems preferred by conflicting electorates and represented by two rival parties: Civic Platform and Law and Justice. Based on a survey study (N = 750) conducted on a representative sample of Poles, it was shown that the representatives of both electorates were indeed located at two, in the psychological sense, opposite extremes. The typical mental profile of a Civic Platform follower is purely individualistic (preference for openness to change and self-enhancement human values) and is accompanied by a political ideology that combines cultural leftism and economic rightism. On the other hand, the typical profile of a Law and Justice follower can be described as purely communal (preference for conservation and self-transcendence human values), combining culturally right and economically left postulates. The mental characteristics of conflicting electorates are discussed in the context of Poland’s past and contemporary sociopolitical experiences, as well as the fundamental rivalry between two inherently antagonistic views on democracy: liberal and communitarian.

scholarly journals CFD Analysis of the Tractor Propulsion Concepts for an Inverted Joined Wing Airplane

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Adam Dziubiński
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
High Position ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Thrust Vector ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Joined Wing ◽  
Crucial Parameter ◽  
Better Than

AbstractEfficiency is a crucial parameter for an airplane to reduce both cost of operations and emission of pollutants. There are several airplane concepts that potentially allow for increasing the efficiency. A few of them were not investigated thoroughly enough yet. The inverted joined wing configuration, with the upper wing in front of the lower one is an example of such concept. Therefore, a project consisting of development of an experimental scaled demonstrator, and its wind tunnel and flight testing, was undertaken by consortium: Institute of Aviation, Warsaw University of Technology, Air Force Institute of Technology and a MSP company. Results led to a conclusion, that the inverted joined wing configuration allows to build an airplane with excellent performance, but its advantage against the conventional airplane is marginal because of large trimming drag of the configuration with relatively high position of the thrust vector in pusher configuration. It was applied because the demonstrator was a flying model of manned airplane and the tractor configuration would affect the pilot’s field of observation. However, in case of the UAV, this reason becomes insignificant. Therefore two configurations of tractor propulsion were tested to see, if their performance is better than the performance of original design.

The United States Is No Longer a Land of Upward Mobility and Opportunity

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Rank ◽  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Heather E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Better Than

Chapter 16 explores the extent of economic mobility in the United States compared with other industrialized countries. The amount of relative intergenerational mobility as measured by the intergenerational elasticity statistic is lower in the United States than in most other OECD countries. Furthermore, the extent to which adult children are earning more than their parents has been declining over the past 50 years. The American dream of each generation doing economically better than the previous generation is becoming harder to achieve. We are a society in which the rungs on the ladder of opportunity have grown further apart, resulting in greater numbers of Americans struggling and falling further behind.

scholarly journals Comparing the Measured and Latent Dark Triad: Are Three Measures Better than One?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
Phillip S. Kavanagh ◽  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
Debra Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Measure Model ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Criterion Variables ◽  
Better Than

Could measurement level be a factor worth considering when studying the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism)? In two studies (N  = 465), we compared the relative fit of two Dark Triad models: one that treats the three measures as separate-yet-related personality traits and another that treats the measures as tapping a single, latent construct. Mid-level personality traits, such as mate-retention strategies (Study 1) were best explained by a three-measure model, whereas the higher-order trait of sociosexuality (Study 2), were best explained by a single, latent-factor model. When considering mid-level measurement in personality, the three traits may provide independent effects for interpersonal relationships, whereas at the higher-order level, the three traits may function as a single entity relating to other higher-order traits. We suggest one should consider level of measurement between the predictor and criterion variables to better predict correlations among variables such as the Dark Triad. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v2i1_jonason

scholarly journals Albee’s Plays in the Light of Psychological Theories

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadhim Hatem Kaibr ◽  
Guo Jingjing
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
American Dream ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Requirements

Albee’s plays are known for highlighting the daily suffering of American individuals and the material pressures exerted upon them by the “American dream” project, which pushes them into choosing between fulfilling their material requirements in exchange for the supreme human values and social relations that bind their community and refusing to face their reality in favor of retreating to a world of illusion. Albee’s plays have also touched upon the themes of suicide, departure, anxiety, insanity, fear of death, and fear of the unknown. Many critics and analysts have linked the premises in his plays with psychoanalytical theories that analyze the behavior and the relationship of individuals to their communities. This paper will attempt to focus on certain psychological theories that can explain the state of anxiety and sense of loss experienced by the theatrical characters created by Albee in three of his prominent plays.

scholarly journals Can ‘Openness-to-change’ and ‘Conservation’ Values Predict the Diffusion of the Internet into European Homes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 735-756
Author(s):  
Morten Blekesaune
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Human Values ◽  
The Internet ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Internet Connections ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This study investigated whether openness-to-change values (self-direction and stimulation) and conservation values (security and tradition) could predict the diffusion of the internet into homes by 2014, at the level of 159 European regions. All four value scales were correlated with the diffusion of the internet, after controlling for regional wealth and population density. Self-direction was by far the most consistent predictor of the diffusion of internet connections; a combination of self-direction and stimulation values could predict home internet use better than other combinations of human values. A longitudinal analysis, at the level of 25 countries, investigated the possibility of reverse causation (could the internet affect human values?), between 2004 and 2014. The study found no such effects.

scholarly journals PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR FROM THE ASPECT OF THE STRUCTURE OF LEISURE TIME

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Edin Muftić ◽  
◽  
Adela Jahić ◽  
Ranko Kovačević ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
School Year ◽  
Better Than

The aim of the research is to determine the characteristics of the prosocial behavior of primary and high school students in terms of the structure of leisure time. The sample of respondents consists of 230 students of the final grades of primary and high schools, both genders, aged 14-19. The research was conducted in the area of Tuzla during the school year 2017/2018. years. The survey used the measuring instrument "Scale of self-assessment of juvenility behavior YSR". Mann Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of data. When analyzing the prosocial behavior of primary and high school students in terms of the structure of leisure time, statistically significant differences at the level of p≤0,05 were established in such a way that students with structured leisure time compared to students whose leisure time is not structured more often : are fairly honest, they do things better than most children, they can be pretty friendly, they are skillful with their hands, they fight for their rights, enjoy being with other people, they like to make others laugh, they like to help others.

scholarly journals Comparing the Measured and Latent Dark Triad: Are Three Measures Better than One?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
Phillip S. Kavanagh ◽  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
Debra Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Measure Model ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Criterion Variables ◽  
Better Than

Could measurement level be a factor worth considering when studying the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism)? In two studies (N  = 465), we compared the relative fit of two Dark Triad models: one that treats the three measures as separate-yet-related personality traits and another that treats the measures as tapping a single, latent construct. Mid-level personality traits, such as mate-retention strategies (Study 1) were best explained by a three-measure model, whereas the higher-order trait of sociosexuality (Study 2), were best explained by a single, latent-factor model. When considering mid-level measurement in personality, the three traits may provide independent effects for interpersonal relationships, whereas at the higher-order level, the three traits may function as a single entity relating to other higher-order traits. We suggest one should consider level of measurement between the predictor and criterion variables to better predict correlations among variables such as the Dark Triad. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v2i1_jonason

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