Stress and psychological resilience in intervention and rescue activities

Nature of intervention and rescue personnel activity places them at the top of professions that face a considerable number of occupational health and safety risks. Often, this occupational category does not face a single safety risk, but a complex combination of risk factors, including unpredictability of situations in which they are required to work. Emergence of stress and other psychosocial risks in work processes requires the implementation of an anticipatory attitude and a constant level of vigilance to identify and evaluate them. In intervention and rescue, the issue of regulating and self-regulating the individual’s behaviour is essential, as exceptional acts performed in unusual conditions require adaptive mechanisms as close as possible to perfection. Developing resilience should focus on amplifying already present strengths (physical and mental characteristics and abilities), rather than managing negative effects of operational stressors. The current paper presents a theoretical approach of the concept of resilience, appliable to intervention and rescue activities and suggests several ways to develop rescuer’s resilience.

ABOUT RUSSIAN MENTALITY IN LANGUAGE, SPEECH AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

This article is devoted to the disclosure of the mental characteristics of the Russian language personality. Particular attention is paid to the synthetic structure of the language, the nonfixed order of words in the sentence and the category of impersonality, which together create a culturally specific mental context of language, speech and scientific discourse.

The influence of judo classes on the psycho-emotional state of schoolchildren aged 16–17

The problem of improving the health of children, as well as strengthening their physical, mental and spiritual health is one of the most important tasks of the state. The process of judo training is accompanied by the alternation of different emotional states. These states are positive or negative, depending on a number of reasons. During the struggle, emotional states change. It depends on the course of the match. Emotion management and the ability to maintain a stable psycho-emotional state is produced by a judoka in the process of gaining sports experience. In recent years, the modern view of healthy living has aroused interest in health care systems and educational institutions based on the inextricable link between body and mind. In addition, public interest in various types of martial arts has now increased to ensure good physical shape and health. Deterioration of psycho-emotional state and health involuntarily leads to a decrease in intellectual activity. Judo, according to many researchers, is one of the best ways to improve the physical, mental and emotional state of students. The article identifies the level of situational anxiety and tests (Spielberger-Hanin) among schoolchildren aged 16-17 who practice judo. And also the comparative analysis of dynamics of indicators of a psychoemotional condition of boys and girls of 16 – 17 years in the course of experiment is made. The results of research have shown that judo classes have a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of students, meet the age, functional, physical and mental characteristics of boys and girls 16 – 17 years and can be used to solve health problems of judo practitioners.

structural-semantic field of dichotomy “one’s own – alien” in the English language world picture

The article deals with the study of the value content of the dichotomy “one’s own – alien” in the English linguistic world picture. The novelty of the proposed study lies in the fact that the researcher does not proceed from a predetermined model of description construction, but the model is deducted from the material researched. The lexical units that can act as direct objectifies (keywords, cohyponyms and typical verbalizers) of the concepts “one’s own – alien” which are based on the idea of a stereotypical situation that explains the value content of the opposition in the English language consciousness, are analysed. The modern linguistic interpretation of the conceptual opposition “one’s own – alien” and verification of the research results is performed on the basis of analysis of dictionaries and media texts to compare associations with the concepts “one’s own – alien” of English speakers, to clarify the links of language units – representatives of the concepts “one’s own – alien” with the structures of knowledge about their denotations and with extraverbal reality, highlighting their mental characteristics and principles of functioning in English.

Homoeopathic management of dissociative fugue: A case report

A 14-year-old boy was brought to us with complaints of recurrent fleeing episodes with confusion, short-term amnesia and behavioural problems, including restlessness, obstinacy and temper tantrums. He was diagnosed with dissociative fugue based on the DSM IV criteria. He had undergone counselling with his school counsellor, without much benefits. His illness was affecting his academic performance and relationships with parents and friends. The case was explored from the point of psychosocial stresses and the child’s disposition with characteristic expressions. The homoeopathic remedy Cuprum Metallicum was selected using Kent’s approach, as predominant mental characteristics were available. The selected remedy brought changes at the level of the disease expression (fleeing episodes) as well as the deeper aspect of his sensitivity and behaviour. Improvements occurred in his academic performance, social relationships, behaviour at school as well as his relationship with his parents. This experience emphasises the role of homoeopathy in mental disorders, especially dissociative fugue and also demonstrates the importance of characteristic mental state and expressions when selecting a similimum using Kent’s approach.

Indicators of the level of subjective control in men with various forms of eczema

An actual and popular area of research in psychodermatology is to conduct comprehensive studies that comprehensively reveal the mental characteristics of patients with different forms and types of eczema. This will allow in the future to optimize work with patients of this profile and to plan psychotherapeutic measures in the key of a personalized constitutional approach. The aim of the study was to examine the differences in the level of subjective control between healthy and/or eczema patients depending on the severity of dermatosis. Men aged 22 to 35 years, with a diagnosis of true (n=34) and microbial (n=38) eczema, were assessed by the level of subjective control on the basis of the J. Rotter scale edited by E.F. Bazhin et al. (1984). As a control from the data bank of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya indicators of the level of subjective control of 82 practically healthy men of the same age group were selected. Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package "Statistica 5.5" using non-parametric evaluation methods. Patients with true eczema, compared with the control group, have a higher level of subjective control in the field of general internality, achievements, educational (professional) relations (mild course) and interpersonal relations (severe course). At patients with a microbic eczema of mild and severe course in comparison with healthy investigated size of level of subjective control is smaller in the field of failures and interpersonal relations. Patients with true eczema compared to patients with microbial eczema found significantly higher levels of subjective control in the field of general internality, failures, educational (professional) and interpersonal relationships. In patients with severe dermatosis compared with patients with mild dermatitis there is a decrease in the level of subjective control in the field of educational (professional) relations (true eczema) and interpersonal relations (microbial eczema). Thus, the peculiarities of the level of subjective control in men with various forms of eczema can serve as psychological predictors of exacerbations and exacerbations of eczema, which is certainly important for both clinicians and health care providers in particular.

Paradigm methodology of modern educational phenomena

During the period of socio-economic and political transformations, the development of higher historical pedagogical education acquires special significance, since it always reflects the policy and ideology of the state, the goals and objectives of society, due to the peculiarities of its development, the need for training highly qualified specialists. It reflects the level of development of science, economy, culture, mental characteristics nations, its traditions and the like. Such a change is objectively conditioned, because the philosophical foundations of educational policy, the organization of training and education are transformed (at best) resonantly to the fluctuations of the ideal substance of the Universe (world outlook), and therefore cannot be determined once and for all. Therefore, in the search for an answer to the key questions of an educational nature, it is necessary, first of all, to analyze the educational paradigms, which (as the retrospective analysis shows) replace each other.

The reflection of Russian mentality in proverbs (on the example of proverbs with the semantic component “summer” and “autumn”)

The subject of this research is the interrelation between mentality and language. Mentality is conventionally understood as subconscious, archetypal manifestation of the system of values and attitudes of ethnolinguistic consciousness. National mentality is traced in the process of studying the semantics of idioms and paroemias of the language. The genre of proverbs, due to its semantic peculiarities, is characterized by various means of expression of mental groups, which corresponds to their cognitive-pragmatic status. Idioms and paroemias play the role of representatives of the mental characteristics of the ethos, which contribute to preservation of cultural distinctness and affect the mentality of native speakers, lead to the behavior stereotypical to the Russian culture and allow assessing life situations from the perspective of stereotypes. The main conclusion of the analysis conducted on paremiological units indicates that national mentality traits reflected in proverbs and idioms are associated with certain stereotypes in perception of the surrounding world, assessment of life situations, reconsideration of the essence of the phenomena, response to the ongoing transformations and events. All of the listed above fully corresponds to the main edificatory, didactic function of paroemias and idioms, as well as the key purpose of proverbs – enculturation of a person in the process of familiarizing with behavioral norms and riles, recommendations, dogmas and basic stereotypical models of perception of the surrounding worlds and the phenomena occurring therein.

Content of the concept of “ethnic painting”: articulation of the problem

This article analyzes the concept of “ethnic painting”, Russian and Western sources on the topic, as well as controversial approaches towards its interpretation. It is established that the Russian science avoids using the concept of “ethnic painting” to ambiguity of its content. The most commonly concepts in sphere are “national art”, “ethnocultural manifestations”, “territorial-ethnic nature of painting”, “national peculiarities”, and “national distinctness of art schools”. In Western literature, the concept of “ethnic painting” is attributed to both, folk art and professional art. Parallel is drawn between the concept of “national culture” and “ethnic culture”. The research is based on the painting of Circassians (Adyghe) of Russia and Turkey. Using the methods of comparative studies, comparative typology and art analysis, the article explores the works of contemporary Circassian painters of Turkey and Russia, revealing the specificity and universal characteristics of their paintings. The works of professional artists, which meet certain characteristics, should be referred to as “ethnic painting”. The author describes the key attributes and functions of plastic arts that allow classifying it as the concept of “ethnic”: 1) figurative characteristics (visualization of mythological and epic heroes and plotlines, ritual and common culture); 2) translation of ethnic mental characteristics and values; 3) design of ethnic identity and solidarity by means of painting; 4) introduction the art of painting not only to the elite, but other social classes as well; 5) usage of public instruments for proliferation and popularization of painting through education and enlightenment; 6) comprehension of ethnic art as a crucial element of national art; 7) development of ethnic art through various contaminants (ethnocultural content and modernist form or technique; modern content in the traditional genre or form).