scholarly journals Fakes of reality. Do we really need the paradigm of the documentary? From the ontology to the epistemology of movie images, i.e. there and back again

Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jakubowska

The starting point for this paper is the statement that we are witnessing a “mock-documentary boom” in contemporary cinema. Viewers today can be surprised and confused by the variety of “intercrossings” that are used in documentary and fictional strategies. The fact that there has been a growing number of films that do not respect the traditional division between fictional and non-functional cinema deserves deeper consideration. The introduction of the paper is focused on historical sources and classifications of this complex phenomenon (for example: the brothers Lumière tradition contrasts with that of Méliès). The main body of the paper is concentrated on the question of what cinema can offer in lieu of a documentary paradigm. It also tries to explore ontological and epistemological perspectives which can clarify some of the reasons for the popularity of mock-documentary and docufiction productions. It ends with a suggestion that the cinema is a domain of fakes of reality regardless of whether fictional or non-fictional narration is used to tell their stories. 

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Mirza Ahmetbašić ◽  
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Very few papers have been written about the development of education in the wider area of Bosanska Krupa during the Austro-Hungarian administration (1878-1918). No comprehensive historical study is known that treats exclusively the development of education in this area during the occupation period. An exception is the book by Elvira Islamović entitled „Schooling and education in the Bihać district during the Austro-Hungarian administration“, published in Bihać in 2008, which in one part deals with the development of schooling in the Bosnian Krupa area. The starting point for the study of the past of Bosanska Krupa and its surroundings is the work of a group of authors entitled „Bosnian-Krupska municipality in the war and revolution“ published in Bosanska Krupa in 1969, which presents a rough overview of Bosnian Krupa's history until the first years after World War II. war and partly the development of education during the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and the period between the two world wars, and more recently the following works: Mithad Kozličić, „Population and settlements of the Una-Sana area 1879-1921. godine“, Bihać 1999; Mirza Ahmetbašić, Adnan Hafizović, Osnovna škola “Otoka“ od osnivanja do danas, Bihać 2008; Emin Mesić, Fikret Midžić, “Mali Pset 1272. Tvrđava Krupa, Prilozi za monografiju Bosanska Krupa“, Bosanska Krupa 2012; Asmir Crnkić, Mirza Ahmetbašić, „Bosanska Krupa during the Austro-Hungarian administration”, Bihać 2020 and others. The development of school opportunities during the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian administrations was partially addressed by bringing them into context when dealing with other topics. In this paper, the author talks about school opportunities in the area of Bosanska Krupa and its surroundings at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Attention is paid to the establishment and operation of confessional primary and secondary schools that operated during the Ottoman period, and whose work continued after 1878, and the establishment and operation of the first state primary schools in the wider Bosnian Krupa area. The development of school conditions in the area of Bosanska Krupa during the Ottoman rule did not differ from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the needs of the Muslim population, sibjan mektebs were opened, somewhat later ruždija and madrasas, and for the needs of Orthodox children of the Orthodox primary school. Orthodox primary schools in the Bosnian Krupa area were first opened in Jasenica, Bosanska Krupa and Velika Rujiška. The Austro-Hungarian government also encountered an extremely high level of illiteracy in the area of Bosanska Krupa and its surroundings. At the end of the Ottoman rule, the illiteracy of the population was more than 95%. In addition, the regular educational process was very often interrupted by various infectious diseases that affected this area, as evidenced by numerous historical sources. There was also a great lack of professional teaching staff. A large number of students who are old enough to start school, the need for education of children of immigrant foreigners, etc. it was a sufficient signal to the competent authorities that a state primary school be established in Bosanska Krupa as well. In the villages around Bosanska Krupa, state primary schools opened relatively late. In the period from 1887 to 1913, public primary schools began operating in Otoka, Veliki Radić, Hasanbegova Jasenica, Ivanjska, Vranjska, Hasani and Bužim. However, in the year of establishment of certain schools, e.g. Otoka, Veliki Radić and Hasanbegova Jasenica there are differences between researchers. The Orthodox population was far more in favor of opening interfaith primary schools in their communities than the Muslim population, despite the fact that the Austro-Hungarian authorities, where possible, regulated the formation of special women's classes in public primary schools. The year 1880 marked a turning point in the development of education in the wider Bosnian Krupa area. That year, the People's Primary School in Bosanska Krupa started operating, which operated throughout the Austro-Hungarian period. However, certain researchers claim that this educational institution began operating in 1884 and 1885, respectively. It was one of the main educational centers and a nursery for numerous cultural and educational activities in this area.


2016 ◽  
pp. 1243-1265
Author(s):  
Shelley Burleson ◽  
Alberto Giordano

This chapter proposes a structure for handling commonly observed uncertainties in geo-historical data, using as case studies two historical geographical information systems (HGIS) projects that interweave historical research with the geography of genocide. The first case involves the ghettoization of Budapest's Jews during the Holocaust in the second half of 1944. The more recent work, and the second case, covers the Armenian genocide spanning most of WWI and several years afterwards. The authors suggest using existing metadata standards as one way of handling the inherent uncertainties of geo-historical sources. While not a definitive solution, they argue that such an approach provides a starting point and a platform to conceptually frame the use of geo-historical data in HGIS.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano D’Aloia

A common outcome of acrobatics, and a motif often combined with it, is the fall. The chapter ‘Fall. Descent to equilibrium’ discusses the recurrence of the motif of the falling human body in contemporary cinema, taking as a starting point Oliver Pietsch’s found footage film Maybe Not. Relying on Torben Grodal’s application of the notions of telic and paratelic to the film experience, referring to the use of cinema as metaphor for the mind proposed by Antonio Damasio, and interpreting several experiments on the perception of movement in film sequences whose temporality is manipulated, this chapter describes the modality through which cinema ‘regulates’ the fall by adopting a homeostatic process that reduces its traumatic character and, at the same time, enhances its expressive effectiveness.


Author(s):  
O. Fedorchak ◽  
H. Ishchenko

Problem setting. Ukraine has significant regional imbalances in attracting investment. The most attractive for investors is Kyiv city, where almost 50% of foreign investments are accumulated. At the same time, other regions remain unattractive for investors. The unsatisfactory situation in the regions is a reflection of unfavorable investment climate and requires the use of new tools to attract investment. The use of marketing tools can stimulate the inflow of investment into small cities and communities. Given these, the issue of using marketing tools to attract investment in local communities remains unexplored and relevant.Recent research and publications analysis. An important contribution to the study of territory marketing and investment attraction was made by: S. Ankholt, V. Bondarenko, D. Vizghalov, M. Hovorukhina, N. Hrynchuk, K. Dinni, O. Ignatenko, F. Kotler, O. Osovets, A. Pankrukhin, S. Smerichevskyi, R. Fedorov, O. Fedorovych, D. Frolov, O. Khymych, and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. An analysis of the literature on this issue has shown that domestic researches are quite narrowly specialized and most English-language works on this topic are written in the form of study of real situations and have non-scientific characters.The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of marketing tools and justify the feasibility of their use to attract investment in local communities, and improve the investment climate in Ukraine.Paper main body. In recent years, Ukraine has taken significant steps to decentralize its power and resources. And although decentralization is a complicated reform, it is also one of the most successful reforms in Ukraine. This reform provides the transfer of powers and finances for their implementation from the central government to local authorities. The starting point of the reform is the thesis that local authorities are better oriented at local problems and can use funds more effectively to solve them.However, in the context of the economic crisis caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government is cutting transfers to support infrastructure and urban development in general. The local authorities in Ukraine suffer from an austerity policy pursued by the government. With this in mind, communities need to work to create a positive image of the area, to diversify sources of capital, and attract new investors.Taking into account the limited budgets and the specifics of activities at the local level, the minimum set of tools for attracting investment in local communities should include: development of investment strategy and program, brand formation of the territory, development of investment passport, formation of industry reviews, construction of investor’s roadmap, distribution of investment proposals, creation and updating of investment website, work in social networks, development of interactive investment map, press kit formation, preparation of multimedia presentations, participation in road-shows, investment seminars, conferences, forums and exhibitions, targeted search for new investors and formation of existing investors database.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The results of the study confirm that in the conditions of competition for investment funds, marketing tools for attracting investments come to the fore. Although the marketing of territories is a relatively young area of research, it can contribute to the successful promotion of local communities to attract investment and improve the image of the territory. The skillful use of marketing tools can help attract investment to local communities.In further research, we plan to study tax instruments to stimulate investment activity to improve the investment climate in Ukraine.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Martina Vuong

Abstract In 1978–1979 the news reporting on the Vietnamese boat people attracted attention from the whole world. Not only the media but also scientific researchers were interested in these mass refugees. However, this phenomenon has been detached from its context and perceived as a self-contained event on many occasions. Furthermore, most people were not aware of the fact that the main body of these refugees were ethnic Chinese, known as the Hoa. The study presented in this paper takes this as its starting point and focuses on the question of the motivations of the Hoa in leaving North Vietnam. It takes the historical, internal and foreign political context into consideration and identifies a political atmosphere extremely hostile to the ethnic Chinese.The páihuá policy drove them to leave behind what they had built up and led to the mass exodus of 1978–1979, but also gave the Hoa hope for a new and better life for themselves and especially for their future descendants outside of Vietnam.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO OLIVEIRA

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> A datação dos poemas homéricos é um assunto polêmico e repleto de dificuldades. Mesmo diante de tal cenário, sua utilização como fonte histórica tem ocorrido, em geral sem maiores considerações acerca da dificuldade de resolver problemas centrais para a maneira de como os poemas são contextualizados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento das possibilidades de abordagens históricas destes poemas, apontando as particularidades, os pressupostos e problemas relacionados a cada uma. Por fim é apresentada uma sugestão alternativa de abordagem, que toma como ponto de partida a datação da tradição da qual os poemas fazem parte, encarando-os como testemunhos válidos desta tradição de longa duração oral.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Sociedade Homérica – Épica Grega – Tradição Oral.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Dating the Homeric poems is a polemic subject, filled with difficulties. Even so, the poems have been used as historical sources, generally without any significant remarks about the difficulty in solving main problems in how the poems are put into context. The focus of this paper is to trace the possibilities of historical approaches which use the Homeric poems as sources and pointing out the particularities, the assumption and the problems presented in each type of approach. At last, it is suggested an alternative approach which has, as the starting point, the dating of  the tradition to which the poems belong, considering them valid testimonies of such a long-lasting oral tradition.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Homeric Society – Greek Epic – Oral Tradition.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
E. S. Romanicheva ◽  

Abstract. The Introduction to the paper raises a research question, why a classical text needs another commentary if the addressee of the commentary is a school-age reader. The question becomes a starting point in the discourse on how text commenting is used in school practice today and what new types of commentaries appear in the school lesson. Materials and methods. Search for an answer to the question raised employs methods of comparison and collation of sources to clarify the dissimilarity between the technique of commented reading and that of reading with commentaries, and establish a conceptual difference. The main body of the paper contains a description of the research results. An analysis of the experience of E.S. Abelyuk (a teacher and methodologist from Moscow) presented in methodological publications allowed the conclusion that the possibilities of using the technique of readers’ commenting in today’s school have significantly grown: it can be a research project, either a group project or an individual one; while the methodology developed by E.S. Abelyuk that, essentially, appears to be both research work and project-oriented work, could be used by teachers to support learners’ research and projects. The hypothesis put forward is tested by the analysis of practices pursued by M.A. Pavlova (a teacher from Moscow). She proposes readers’ commentary as a form of final work. According to her task, learners have to write a commentary on the poetic essay ‘L.N.Tolstoy’ (little known to contemporary readers) by V.V. Nabokov. It is noteworthy that while writing their commentaries, learners should demonstrate their abilities to use the Internet resources. Teacher’s assistance to learners in mastering the practices is also a contemporary tutorial objective. The final part of the paper presents a commentary on ‘One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich’’ written by A.I. Knyazhitsky, a methodologist from Moscow. He commented on the story by addressing the literary investigation of ‘The Gulag Archipelago’ and some other documents. In his commentary, the methodologist assumed that considering other texts via commentary creates a context where the studied fiction is read to the maximum effect, and it is up to the learner who reads it to choose the depth of ‘plunging’ into the text. Having created the commentary on the story, A.I. Knyazhitsky splendidly accomplished the most challenging tutorial objective: to describe the technique that combines the commentary of a text and its close reading and fills it with substance. The paper demonstrates this on a specific fragment of the story. The conclusion states that commentary is one of the best known and most effective instructional techniques to teach reading and understanding of a literary text, but the content of the commentary on texts and the commented texts themselves can and should vary. Commentary as an instructional technique should be considerably enriched, in particular, based on an analysis of teachers’ best practices and their further testing and technification. Keywords: instructional technique, commented reading, close reading, reading with a commentary, types of commentaries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (s1) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Svein Høier

AbstractThis article looks at surround sound in contemporary cinema, with the aim of discussing practices of sound design and, more particularly, pinpointing a ‘best practice’ of surround sound today – focusing here on the practices in the US. The empirical starting point for the analysis is a study of ten Oscar-nominated movies, analysing their soundtracks and especially comparing their stereo and surround versions. The method can be described as a ‘directional’ listening mode, analysing how the different channels and speakers are used when presenting sonic elements like voices, music, atmospheres and sound effects.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Burleson ◽  
Alberto Giordano

This article proposes a structure for handling commonly observed uncertainties in geo-historical data, using as case studies two historical geographical information systems (HGIS) projects that interweave historical research with the geography of genocide. The first case involves the ghettoization of Budapest's Jews during the Holocaust in the second half of 1944. The more recent work, and the second case, covers the Armenian genocide spanning most of WWI and several years afterwards. The authors suggest using existing metadata standards as one way of handling the inherent uncertainties of geo-historical sources. While not a definitive solution, they argue that such an approach provides a starting point and a platform to conceptually frame the use of geo-historical data in HGIS.


2020 ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Christian Dieter Sauer

The reflections outlined in this paper on smell and taste in modern and contemporary art are divided into three larger chapters: an introductory literature review is followed by a general discussion of sense perception in terms of philosophy, physiology, and intellectual history; and this forms the backdrop for the main body, in which eight different approaches to olfactory and gustatory art are proposed. These categories take different levels as their starting point: for instance, they illuminate the significance of smell and taste as materialities, they address aspects of the process of perception, they posit questions concerning the affect of smell and taste, they consider spatial and temporal aspects, and they discuss the relation between perception and knowledge. The main body of the paper is concerned with these categories and their respective theoretical background, also providing concrete examples of relevant works of art.


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