scholarly journals FROM COMMENTED READING TO READING WITH A COMMENTARY: A NEW PARADIGM OF DEVELOPING THE INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE (PAPER 3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
E. S. Romanicheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Main Body ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Group Project ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Instructional Technique

Abstract. The Introduction to the paper raises a research question, why a classical text needs another commentary if the addressee of the commentary is a school-age reader. The question becomes a starting point in the discourse on how text commenting is used in school practice today and what new types of commentaries appear in the school lesson. Materials and methods. Search for an answer to the question raised employs methods of comparison and collation of sources to clarify the dissimilarity between the technique of commented reading and that of reading with commentaries, and establish a conceptual difference. The main body of the paper contains a description of the research results. An analysis of the experience of E.S. Abelyuk (a teacher and methodologist from Moscow) presented in methodological publications allowed the conclusion that the possibilities of using the technique of readers’ commenting in today’s school have significantly grown: it can be a research project, either a group project or an individual one; while the methodology developed by E.S. Abelyuk that, essentially, appears to be both research work and project-oriented work, could be used by teachers to support learners’ research and projects. The hypothesis put forward is tested by the analysis of practices pursued by M.A. Pavlova (a teacher from Moscow). She proposes readers’ commentary as a form of final work. According to her task, learners have to write a commentary on the poetic essay ‘L.N.Tolstoy’ (little known to contemporary readers) by V.V. Nabokov. It is noteworthy that while writing their commentaries, learners should demonstrate their abilities to use the Internet resources. Teacher’s assistance to learners in mastering the practices is also a contemporary tutorial objective. The final part of the paper presents a commentary on ‘One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich’’ written by A.I. Knyazhitsky, a methodologist from Moscow. He commented on the story by addressing the literary investigation of ‘The Gulag Archipelago’ and some other documents. In his commentary, the methodologist assumed that considering other texts via commentary creates a context where the studied fiction is read to the maximum effect, and it is up to the learner who reads it to choose the depth of ‘plunging’ into the text. Having created the commentary on the story, A.I. Knyazhitsky splendidly accomplished the most challenging tutorial objective: to describe the technique that combines the commentary of a text and its close reading and fills it with substance. The paper demonstrates this on a specific fragment of the story. The conclusion states that commentary is one of the best known and most effective instructional techniques to teach reading and understanding of a literary text, but the content of the commentary on texts and the commented texts themselves can and should vary. Commentary as an instructional technique should be considerably enriched, in particular, based on an analysis of teachers’ best practices and their further testing and technification. Keywords: instructional technique, commented reading, close reading, reading with a commentary, types of commentaries.

scholarly journals Effect Of Peer Tutoring On Students’ Academic Achievement In Office Technology And Mangement In Nigerian Polytechnics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Pauline Egberanmwen Ehirheme ◽  
Titus Iloduba Eze
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Instructional Technique

Students of Office Technology and Management (OTM) in Nigerian polytechnics have consistently performed below expectations both academically and at work. This may be attributed to use of inappropriate instructional method. The need to improve this situation necessitated the research on effects of peer tutoring on students’ academic achievement in OTM in Nigerian polytechnics.  Using a research question to guide the study, and a null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. A non-randomized quasi experimental research design, adopting pre-test; post-test non-equivalent control group design was used. South West Nigeria was the region of the research work with a populace of 503 National Diploma Year II (ND II) OTM students in four federal polytechnics.  Using cluster random sampling, a sample of the intact classes of 227 students from two states in the area of the study was drawn. Three OTM experts validated the “Office Technology and Management Achievement Test (OTMAT)” 100 items instrument for face and content validity. The Experts input modified some items and cancelled some which reduced 140 test items to 100 used for collecting data. Descriptive statistics of mean was used to analyze data and to respond to the research question while t-test and Analysis of Covariance were used to test the null hypothesis. Kuder-Richardson Formula 21 was adopted to establish internal consistency and reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient of 0.86. The research showed that Peer Tutoring Instructional Technique (PTIT) has higher positive effects on students’ academic achievement in OTM than Teacher-dominated Instructional Approach (TDIA), thus it can enhance students’ academic achievement in OTM. It was, therefore, suggested that OTM lecturers should include the use of Peer Tutoring Instructional Technique to boost learning in teaching their students.

scholarly journals Living lab on sharing and circular economy: The case of Turin

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 146045822098727
Author(s):  
Federico Cuomo ◽  
Nadia Lambiase ◽  
Antonio Castagna
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Past Experiences

Cities with their innovative capacity are key places to address critical climate, environmental and health challenges. Urban experimentations, such as Living Labs, can represent a starting point to reintroduce resources into the production cycle and reduce environmental impacts, embracing the paradigm of the circular economy (CE). According to recent studies, Living Labs at a city scale could generate significant environmental benefits, improvements in quality of life and positive impacts on citizens’ health.1 This paper aims at presenting the case of the Torino Living Lab on Sharing and Circular Economy (LLSC) to point out possible future scenarios of urban sustainable policies. The case study is analysed in five sections: (1) the description of the new permanent laboratory proposed by the City of Turin; (2) the past experiences of Living Labs in Turin; (3) the birth of LLSC and the involvement strategy; (4) the introduction of the eight admitted experimentations. In the light of the results collected, the last paragraph (5) came up with the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Treaths (SWOT) analysis in the LLSC. Eventually, it deals with the research question by offering a common ground for global and local policies focused on sustainability and CE.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Trend of Using Alginate, Gelatine, and Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Regeneration Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saiful Firdaus Hussin ◽  
Aludin Mohd Serah ◽  
Khairul Azri Azlan ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽  
Maizlinda Izwana Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point

Collecting information from previous investigations and expressing it in a scientometrics study can be a priceless guide to getting a complete overview of a specific research area. The aim of this study is to explore the interrelated connection between alginate, gelatine, and hydroxyapatite within the scope of bone tissue and scaffold. A review of traditional literature with data mining procedures using bibliometric analyses was considered to identify the evolution of the selected research area between 2009 and 2019. Bibliometric methods and knowledge visualization technologies were implemented to investigate diverse publications based on the following indicators: year of publication, document type, language, country, institution, author, journal, keyword, and number of citations. An analysis using a bibliometric study found that 7446 papers were located with the keywords “bone tissue” and “scaffold”, and 1767 (alginate), 185 (gelatine), 5658 (hydroxyapatite) papers with those specific sub keywords. The number of publications that relate to “tissue engineering” and bone more than doubled between 2009 (1352) and 2019 (2839). China, the United States and India are the most productive countries, while Sichuan University and the Chinese Academy of Science from China are the most important institutions related to bone tissue scaffold. Materials Science and Engineering C is the most productive journal, followed by the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. This paper is a starting point, providing the first bibliometric analysis study of bone tissue and scaffold considering alginate, gelatine and hydroxyapatite. A bibliometric analysis would greatly assist in giving a scientific insight to support desired future research work, not only associated with bone tissue engineering applications. It is expected that the analysis of alginate, gelatine and hydroxyapatite in terms of 3D bioprinting, clinical outcomes, scaffold architecture, and the regenerative medicine approach will enhance the research into bone tissue engineering in the near future. Continued studies into these research fields are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Implications of Lesson Study for Tertiary-Level EFL Teachers’ Professional Development: A Case Study From Turkey

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110237
Author(s):  
İlknur Bayram ◽  
Fatma Bıkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Starting Point

This qualitative case study carried out at a Turkish university with four English language teachers aims to explore what teachers experience in the planning, implementation, analysis, and reporting phases of the lessons study process and what the implications of lesson study for teacher professional development can be. Data in this four-month study were gathered through observations, interviews, whole group discussions, and reflective reports. Findings revealed that lesson study had potential challenges and benefits for the professional development of teachers. The model poses challenges in finding a topic and research question, determining the lesson design and teaching style, making student thinking observable and analyzing qualitative data. On the other hand, it benefited teachers in terms of increasing their pedagogical content knowledge, reflectivity, research skills, collaboration, and collegiality. This study suggests that lesson study might be a good starting point for institutions wishing to adopt a more teacher-led, inquiry-driven and collaborative perspective for professional development.

Algorithmenkompatibles Verwaltungsrecht?

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
Margrit Seckelmann
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Legal Meaning ◽  
Automatic Decisions

Die Übersetzung von Recht in (Computer–)‌Code ist derzeit in aller Munde. Lawrence Lessigs berühmtes Diktum, „Code is Law“ wird neuerdings dahingehend reformuliert, dass „Law“ auch „Code“ sei, dass man bei der Rechtsetzung also zugleich seine rechentechnische Umsetzbarkeit mitzudenken habe. Einen Ansatzpunkt für eine derartige „Algorithmisierbarkeit“ von Recht bietet § 35a des Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetzes des Bundes, wonach „automatisierte“ Entscheidungen in bestimmten Fällen zugelassen werden. Ein aktuelles Papier des Fraunhofer FOKUS-Instituts unter dem Titel „Recht Digital“ denkt dieses weiter und suggeriert, man müsse nur die passenden, eindeutigen Ausdrücke finden, dann sei Recht gleichsam „programmierbar“. Aber genau hier stellt sich das Problem: Rechtssprache ist eine Multi-Adressaten-Sprache, also eine Sprache, die sich ebenso sehr an ein Fachpublikum wie an Laien (Bürgerinnen und Bürger) wendet. Sie ist zudem kontextabhängig. Der aktuelle Hype um den Begriff der „Algorithmisierung“ von Gesetzen verbirgt zudem, dass es sich hierbei um ein Grundproblem von Rechtssprache handelt, das in den 1960er bis 1980er Jahren unter den Paradigmata „Rechts-/Verwaltungsautomation“ oder Rechtskybernetik verhandelt wurde. Wie kann man sich also dem Problem der Kontextabhängigkeit von Recht unter dem neuen Paradigma der Algorithmisierung nähern? Im Beitrag über „Algorithmenkompatibles Verwaltungsrecht? Juristische und sprachwissenschaftliche Überlegungen zu einer ‚Standardisierung von Rechtsbegriffen‘“ werden verschiedene Zugänge zur Schaffung einer „algorithmenkonformen“ Rechtssprache vorgestellt. Letztlich aber vermögen es noch so ausgefeilte technische Methoden nicht, das Problem demokratischer Deliberation zu verdrängen – über die fundamentalen Fragen einer Algorithmisierung der Rechtssprache muss der unmittelbar demokratisch legitimierte Gesetzgeber entscheiden. „Kontext“ und „Text“ geraten insoweit in ein wechselseitiges Abhängigkeitsverhältnis. The translation of law into (computer) code seems to be currently on everyone’s lips. Lawrence Lessigs’ famous dictum “Code is Law” has recently been rephrased saying that “Law” was also “Code”. This means that the wording of laws should directly take their “computer implementability” into consideration. A starting point for those postulations can be seen in the (relatively) new section 35a of the (Federal) Administrative Prodecure Act (Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz), which allows “automatic” decisions in specific cases. A new paper of the Fraunhofer FOKUS institute takes this up and suggests that we have only to look for the appropriate, unambiguous term that corresponds with an unequivocal legal meaning. In doing so, law could be programmable. But this is exactly the point where the problem arises: laws have more than one addressee; they address lawyers as well as citizens (mostly laypeople). Furthermore, legal terminology is context dependent. The current hype regarding the “algorithmization” of legal terminology also hides the fact that this issue was – more or less – discussed once before under the paradigm “legal cybernetics” between 1960 and 1985. So how can we approach the problem of context-dependency of law under the new paradigm of algorithmization? In our contribution on “Algorithm-compatible administrative law? Legal and linguistic considerations concerning the ‘standardization’ of legal terminology”, we will introduce different approaches to safeguard the compatibility of law with computer technics. But how sophisticated a technical method can be: It is the democratically legitimised parliament that must make the fundamental decisions when it comes to an “algorithmization” of legal terminology, because there is no text without context.

Policy as Assemblage

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Gorur
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
National Policy ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research World

In this article, the author tells the story of her search for appropriate tools to conceptualise policy work. She had set out to explore the relationship between the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Australia's education policy, but early interview data forced her to reconsider her research question. The plethora of available models of policy did not satisfactorily accommodate her growing understanding of the messiness and complexity of policy work. On the basis of interviews with 18 policy actors, including former OECD officials, PISA analysts and bureaucrats, as well as documentary analysis of government reports and ministerial media releases, she suggests that the concept of ‘assemblage’ provides the tools to better understand the messy processes of policy work. The relationship between PISA and national policy is of interest to many scholars in Europe, making this study widely relevant. An article that argues for the unsettling of tidy accounts of knowledge making in policy can hardly afford to obscure the untidiness of its own assemblage. Accordingly, this article is somewhat unconventional in its presentation, and attempts to take the reader into the messiness of the research world as well as the policy world. Implicit in this presentation is the suggestion that both policy work and research work are ongoing attempts to find order and coherence through the cobbling together of a variety of resources.

scholarly journals Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as a common treatable mechanism in chronic respiratory disorders and for conditions different from pulmonary emphysema? A commentary on the new European Respiratory Society statement

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Aliberti ◽  
Andrea Gramegna ◽  
Marco Confalonieri ◽  
Angelo Corsico ◽  
Luca Richeldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Main Body ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Background: The European Respiratory Society recently published an important statement reviewing available evidence on diagnosis and treatment of lung disease associated to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). Several issues on this topic still remain unresolved and subject of interpretation according to different standard procedures and healthcare systems worldwide. The purpose of this commentary is to offer a critical contribution to most of these controversial issues in light of an Italian perspective for the management of this disease. Main body: The clinical spectrum of AATD lung disease might include different manifestations and the traditional paradigm of a younger emphysematous patient has been revealing insufficient. Targeting with appropriate testing only COPD patients might be considered a limited approach leading to underestimation of the real prevalence of the disease. Several reports have suggested the association between AATD and other chronic respiratory conditions, as asthma and bronchiectasis. A deeper evaluation of clinical, radiological, microbiological and functional variables is, therefore, needed in order to investigate different phenotypes in AATD patients. In addition, a new line of translational research in AATD might focus on the development of personalized therapeutic regimens taking into account the patient clinical profile and needs. Conclusions: Over the past years, AATD has been interpreted as a common mechanism of inflammatory disequilibrium and tissue damage across different conditions. Future research is gradually pointing toward this new paradigm by expanding the evidence of the role of AAT as a potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drug in conditions different from pulmonary emphysema.

scholarly journals Contributions from Taoist Stories to the Ecological-Spiritual Crisis of Contemporary Mankind

Hallazgos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Arlés Gómez Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Far East ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Work Done

This article presents the results of work done by the research group Science- Spirituality, whose third phase is called The Concept of Natural Harmony in Regards to the Man-nature Relationship: A Dialogue between Western and Eastern Cultures. This phase is an attempt to borrow from emerging Western epistemologies together with Far East traditions,<br />primarily the ancient Chinese Taoist tradition. Taking as a starting point the contemporary mankind crisis which has been proclaimed by philosophy, science and culture and regarding that which thinkers and scientists alike, such as Husserl and Prigogine have concluded, the limitations of modern-thinking are highlighted and a thorough revision of this thinking has been proposed. This revision must be done based on<br />the sense of humanity and on the dialogue between sciences and other cultures. In this case: Far Eastern culture.<br />This research work is built upon the idea of examining our perception concerning Taoist culture, assuming that this culture is reflected in its narratives and fables and that they offer an opportunity to gain new insights and meanings regarding the world and some of the issues faced by contemporary humankind. Thus, the category crisis becomes particularly<br />important since it is understood as a challenge or opportunity in an increasingly globalized and technology-oriented world marked by problems such as inequality, exclusion, paradoxes and the contradictions of the human being, including himself, others and furthermore a permanent critical relationship to nature from which he or she has been disconnected<br />in a physical, spiritual and energetic way (Guenon, 2010, 34).

scholarly journals W czasie wiersza. "Posłańcy" Stanisława Grochowiaka

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Helena Hejman
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Reading Experiment ◽  
The Relationship

This paper – presenting a close reading of Stanisław Grochowiak’s poem Posłańcy [The Messengers] – proposes reflections on the “time of the poem”. It deals with the issue of experiencing different temporalities while reading (when and where you are while experiencing written words; what is the relationship between the reader's "real" and "fictional" – immersed in the process of reading – lives), and proposes a depiction of pace moderations in the analyzed work – of its own, differential dynamics. The problem of time and velocity is the starting point for a hermeneutic interpretation, or rather hermeneutic exercises (inspired by Raymond Queneau's Exercises in Style): a conceptual, anthropological and semiotic reading experiment carried out on Grochowiak's poem. This essay is an attempt to pave a few paths for understanding The Messengers and their messages. Following in the footsteps of the title characters (with the help of associations and seemingly trivial observations) becomes a cognitive and imaginative adventure, a revolve around an ineffable, dark mystery of the poem (perhaps of all poems and their messengers).

scholarly journals Convolutional Extreme Learning Machines: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Richard Rodrigues ◽  
Sebastião Rogério ◽  
Judith Kelner ◽  
Djamel Sadok ◽  
Patricia Takako Endo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Research Area ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Learning Machine

Many works have recently identified the need to combine deep learning with extreme learning to strike a performance balance with accuracy especially in the domain of multimedia applications. Considering this new paradigm, namely convolutional extreme learning machine (CELM), we present a systematic review that investigates alternative deep learning architectures that use extreme learning machine (ELM) for a faster training to solve problems based on image analysis. We detail each of the architectures found in the literature, application scenarios, benchmark datasets, main results, advantages, and present the open challenges for CELM. We follow a well structured methodology and establish relevant research questions that guide our findings. We hope that the observation and classification of such works can leverage the CELM research area providing a good starting point to cope with some of the current problems in the image-based computer vision analysis.

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