scholarly journals Psychoeducational programs in psychiatry – possibilities and limitations of their application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Majewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Modern Process ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Psychoeducational Programs ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Psychoeducation is currently used in many areas of life, including psychiatry. It is difficult to imagine the modern process of treating people with mental disorders without the use of psychoeducation as a necessary, permanent element of this process, in addition to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Psychoeducational programs are used primarily in the treatment of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and those suffering from bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). These programs are not only directed to the patient, but they are also addressed to their family members and friends. The article presents the possibilities of using selected psychoeducational programs, including the PEGASUS program, the Barcelona Psychoeducation Program and the Krakow Program for People with BPAD, as well as limitations of their application. The goals of these programs, their structure and effectiveness were also presented.

scholarly journals Cumulative incidence of mental disorders among offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura T. Niemi ◽  
Jaana M. Suvisaari ◽  
Jari K. Haukka ◽  
Gunnel Wrede ◽  
Jouko K. Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundThe Helsinki High-Risk Study follows up all women born between 1916 and 1948 and treated for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in psychiatric hospitals in Helsinki, their offspring born between 1960 and 1964, and controls.AimsTo determine the cumulative incidence of adulthood Axis I disorders among offspring.MethodUsing all hospital and out-patient treatment records we rediagnosed parents and offspring according to DSM– IV-TR criteria. Offspring were grouped by mother's diagnosis (schizophrenia n = 104, schizoaffective disorder n=20, other schizophrenia-spectrum disorder n=30, and affective disorder n=25) and compared with a control group (n = 176). The cumulative incidences of Axis I disorders among offspring were calculated.ResultsThe cumulative incidences of any psychotic disorder were 13.5%, 10.0%, 10.0%, 4.0% and 1.1% among offspring of mothers with schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder, other schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, affective disorders and controls, respectively. The corresponding figures for schizophrenia were 6.7%, 5.0%, 6.7%, 0% and 0.6%, and for any mental disorder 23.1%, 20.0%, 20.0%, 12.0% and 6.9%.ConclusionsOffspring of mothers with a psychotic disorder have heightened risk of developing a wide range of severe mental disorders.

Awareness of illness moderates self-assessment of psychotic symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110574
Author(s):  
Luis Martinez Agulleiro ◽  
Renato de Filippis ◽  
Stella Rosson ◽  
Bhagyashree Patil ◽  
Lara Prizgint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

Objective: Self-reports or patient-reported outcome measures are seldom used in psychosis due to concerns about the ability of patients to accurately report their symptomatology, particularly in cases of low awareness of illness. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of insight on the accuracy of self-reported psychotic symptoms using a computerized adaptive testing tool (CAT-Psychosis). Methods: A secondary analysis of data drawn from the CAT-Psychosis development and validation study was performed. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorders were administered by clinicians. Patients completed the self-reported version of the CAT-Psychosis. Patients were median-split regarding their insight level to compare the correlation between the two psychosis severity measures. A subgroup sensitivity analysis was performed only on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results: A total of 159 patients with a psychotic disorder who completed both CAT-Psychosis and Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorders were included. For the whole sample, CAT-Psychosis scores showed convergent validity with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ratings ( r = 0.517, 95% confidence interval = [0.392, 0.622], p < 0.001). Insight was found to moderate this correlation (β = –0.511, p = 0.005), yet agreement between both measures remained statistically significant for both high ( r = 0.621, 95% confidence interval = [0.476, 0.733], p < 0.001) and low insight patients ( r = 0.408, 95% confidence interval = [0.187, 0.589], p < 0.001), while psychosis severity was comparable between these groups (for Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: U = 3057, z = –0.129, p = 0.897; disorganization: U = 2986.5, z = –0.274, p = 0.784 and for CAT-Psychosis: U = 2800.5, z = –1.022, p = 0.307). Subgroup of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders showed very similar results. Conclusions: Insight moderates the correlation between self-reported and clinician-rated severity of psychosis, yet CAT-Psychosis remains valid in patients with both high and low awareness of illness.

Attributions for Hallucinations in Bipolar Affective Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hammersley ◽  
Katherine Taylor ◽  
John McGovern ◽  
Peter Kinderman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Attributions for hallucinations in the “schizophrenia” spectrum disorders have been subject to extensive investigation; however, in comparison very little is known about attributions for hallucinations in the bipolar disorders spectrum. Aims: This preliminary study is an attempt to investigate attributions for hallucinations in bipolar disorder with regard to prevalence, modality and mood state. Method: Forty participants were recruited from a larger randomized control trial into CBT for bipolar disorder and asked to provide information related to attributions for hallucinations both in and out of episode. Data was collected using a specially designed instrument based on the Belief about Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ). Results: Just under half of the participants reported experiencing true hallucinations during their illness. Participants tended to report visual hallucinations in mania and auditory hallucinations in depression. The vast majority of participants attributed hallucinations to illness when out of episode, and unlike in previously reported analyses of attributions for hallucinations in the schizophrenia spectrum, malevolent/omnipotent attributions were comparatively rare. Conclusions: Attributions for hallucinations in bipolar disorder may be clinically distinct from attributions previously observed in the schizophrenia spectrum, and CBT aimed at reducing the distress associated with these attributions may have to be tailored accordingly.

scholarly journals Hysterical and comorbid mental disorders in outpatient neurological practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Romasenko ◽  
V. V. Vandysh-Bubko ◽  
S. S. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Problems ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders ◽  
Regular Patterns

Introduction. Particular problems in diagnosing hysteria are determined by its inordinate changeability, which explains the traditional ambiguity of ideas concerning its essence and the specific diagnostic problems. As we know, a significant number of patients with conversion and dissociative disorders present at neurological clinics, thus constituting the distinct cohort of “difficult patients”.Study aim. Identifying the current clinical-dynamic regular patterns of hysterical disorders (taking into account the temporal pathological morphosis) for purposes of providing substantiation for their psychopathological essence and the optimal therapeutic-diagnostic tactics in respect of the pertinent cohort of patients.Materials and methods. Between 2016 and 2018 at the “Practical Neurology” Medical Center we have examined 80 patients (71 women and 9 men) aged between 17 and 72. The criteria for inclusion into this group were the presence of hysterical symptoms as the main disorder in the clinical picture, and meeting the criteria for being the so-called «difficult patient», which are well-known in clinical practice. After having excluded the presence of organic neurological pathology, and taking into account the specifics of their current complaints (which correspond to conversion and somatoform disorders), the patients have been seen by a psychiatrist on condition of having obtained their informed consent. The examination was carried out by means of collecting anamnestic data from patients and people closely involved with them. Disorders were diagnosed in accordance with the ICD-10 criteria and with the use of the brief scale for assessing the mental status of MMSE (Mini-mental State Examination). Statistical processing of obtained data has been carried out with the use of Statistica 10. rus software. Comparative study of frequencies has been carried out with the F-test – φ* criterion; differences with р <0.05 were seen as reliable.Results. Hysterical disorders in the examined patients have been differentiated within four clusters: 1) motor disorder (n = 24 (30 %)); 2) sensory disorders (n = 29 (36.2 %)); 3) somatoform disorders (n =5 (6.3 %)); and 4) dissociative disorders (n = 22 (27.5 %)). Comorbid mental disorders in the examinees were represented by: 1) affective disorders F30–39 (n = 42 (52.5 %)); 2) schizophrenia  spectrum disorders F20–29 (n = 20 (25 %)); 3) personality disorders F60–69 (n = 14 (17.5 %)); 4) organic mental disorders F00–09 (n = 3 (3.75 %)); 5) posttraumatic stress disorder F43 (n = 1 (1.3 %)). Hysterical disorders manifest high comorbidity with other mental disorders, above all, – the affective ones, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and the pathology of personality. The nature of comorbid pathology determines the clinical-dynamic regular patterns of hysterical syndromes, the diagnostic problems of prime concern, and the tactics of therapy. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary approach contributes to improving the effectiveness of therapeutic-diagnostic assistance provided to patients with hysterical and comorbid mental disorders.

Selfhood and Its Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 464-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Parnas ◽  
Mads Gram Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Narrative Self ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Different Levels

This article explores some of the major views of selfhood in modern philosophical and psychopathological literature, including the distinction between minimal-experiential and narrative-personal self, and it presents a simplified classification of how different levels of selfhood can be disturbed in different mental disorders. It proposes that schizophrenia spectrum disorders primarily involve a trait-like disturbance of the minimal-experiential self, which also may affect the coherence and stability of the narrative-personal self. Melancholia may involve some state-like disturbances of the minimal-experiential self, but with largely intact ipseity, and these disturbances appear here to be secondary to disorders of mood, temporality, and embodiment. Personality disorders outside the schizophrenia spectrum involve disturbances of the personal-narrative self and here the minimal-experiential self is never at stake. Finally, it offers some critical reflections on the epidemic-like rise of diagnoses such as dissociative disorders and depersonalization.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) on Russian sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Rychkova ◽  
A.B. Kholmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Anhedonia ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Socially Relevant

Anhedonia (or hypohedonia) reflects a missing or reduced ability to experience pleasure. Interest in the concept of clinical psychology and psychopathology is due to the high significance of violations of ability to experience pleasure as a predictor of serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, chemical dependency. For under- standing the psychological deficits of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders is of particular importance to social anhedonia, reflecting the reduced ability to experience interest and pleasure from interactions with socially relevant stimuli and partners, and is implicated in disorders of social cognition, to social exclusion of patients. Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) was designed to assess the severity of social anhedonia, tested in many countries, widely used in studies of schizophrenia. The problem of estimating the psychometric characteristics of the test RSAS, including the validity of the technique has become part of the project for the study of social cognition in mental disorders (grant funds of the Russian Science Foundation, Project № 14-18-03461). This article presents the results of the evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of RSAS and the applicability of the methodology for the Russian sample. The study was performed by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14- 18-03461) at the Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation.

Screening Adolescents for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cornblatt ◽  
M. Obuchowski ◽  
S. Roberts ◽  
S. Pollack ◽  
L. Erienmeyer-Kimling
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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