A cost-benefit analysis of the individual mandate in the health coverage system of the USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yesilbas ◽  
Yusuf Ustun
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Individual Mandate ◽  
The Individual

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

scholarly journals International Technical Standards: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hebner
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

The growing globalization of industry is stimulating a growing emphasis on international standards. Standards are important because they provide significant economic benefit. They are also costly and much of the benefit is broad-based, i.e. it does not accrue preferentially to those who incur the cost. Finally, there is a highly disaggregated international standards system and at least two very different basic philosophies as to how standard systems should operate. The effect of the individual cost-benefit analysis by organizations may produce a hybrid system that produces both global standards in which each country participates in the development as well as less costly technical and consortium standards.

Presurgical Routine Screening

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-780
Author(s):  
ALAN COHEN ◽  
CAROL BURK
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Laboratory Screening ◽  
The Individual

In Reply.— Doctors Lackmann and Töllner provide additional data supporting our finding that the discovery of clinically important coagulation disorders during routine preoperative laboratory screening is infrequent. However, these investigators are troubled, as are we, by the problem of determining the appropriate use of screening tests when the disorder is rare and the tests are imperfect, but the consequence of failing to recognize the disorder may be grave. Even the most elaborate cost-benefit analysis may be of little comfort in approaching the individual patient and concerned parents.

Prices and clinical benefit of cancer drugs in the USA and Europe: a cost–benefit analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin N Vokinger ◽  
Thomas J Hwang ◽  
Thomas Grischott ◽  
Sophie Reichert ◽  
Ariadna Tibau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
The Usa

The Concept of Cost in the Economic Evaluation of Health Care: A Theoretical Inquiry

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Full Economic Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe costs included in economic evaluations of health care vary from study to study. Based on the theory of cost-benefit analysis, the costs that should be included in an economic evaluation are those not already included in the measurement of willingness to pay (net willingness to pay above any treatment costs paid by the individual) in a cost-benefit analysis or in the easurement of effectiveness in a cost-effectiveness analysis. These costs can be defined as the onsumption externality of the treatment (the change in production minus consumption for those included in the treatment program). For a full economic evaluation, the consequences for those included in the treatment program and a caring externality (altruism) should also be added.

scholarly journals The origin of cost–benefit analysis: a comparative view of France and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Rainer Marggraf
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), as a common instrument in the decision making process on how to allocate financial resources, has been widely used in various research areas and in almost all of countries over the world. However, the origin and the historical development of CBA has long been subject to neglect. We attempt to fill this gap and clarify the origin and the early development of CBA. Methods A comparative analysis is used to investigate the origin and the early development of CBA in France and the USA. The comparison is focused on two questions: (1) which criteria should be applied to decide whether or not a project should be carried out, and (2) with which procedure these criteria can be used for real projects. Results The origin of CBA can be dated back to the work of Saint-Pierre in France in 1708. Dupuit introduces the concept of consumer’s surplus that founds the economic basis of CBA. These works are not taken seriously in France and do not draw attention from other countries. Hence, until the 1930s, the principle of CBA is newly proposed in the US and the Green Book marks the mature of CBA. Conclusions The early development of CBA in France and the US is independent from the aspects of historical background, personnel, approaches and standardization. This study could help researchers of various disciplines be sure about the history of CBA when they perform this analysis in their research areas.

Developing a Methodology for Comparing the Energy Efficiency of Hydraulic and Traction Elevators

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Bos ◽  
Robert Dell ◽  
Brad Nemeth ◽  
C. S. Wei ◽  
William Foley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Energy Equations

Traction elevators are hoisted by wire rope cables and hydraulic elevators are pushed by pressurized hydraulic fluid. Previous work published in IMEC2013-66663 presented methodologies for only traction elevator energy analysis. Many of the elevators in the USA are hydraulic. An objective and inclusive measurement methodology is needed for comparing energy efficiency of these two elevator systems for a valid cost benefit analysis. In this paper, the necessary requirements for a workable system for energy analysis are presented along with case study results. The previously presented elevator energy equations have evolved from simple kilogram-meters to watt-seconds for a more conventional energy analysis.

MODELING THE DYNAMIC ROUTE CHOICE OF PEDESTRIANS TO ASSESS THE CRITICALITY OF BUILDING EVACUATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1250029 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMEL ULRICH KEMLOH WAGOUM ◽  
ARMIN SEYFRIED ◽  
STEFAN HOLL
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Quickest Path ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Route

In this paper we propose an event-driven way finding algorithm for pedestrians in a graph-based structure. The motivation of each pedestrian is to leave the facility. The events used to redirect pedestrians include the identification of a jam situation and/or identification of a better route than the present. The modeled strategies are the shortest path (local and global); they are combined with a quickest path approach, which is based on an observation principle, i.e. pedestrians take their decisions based on the observed environment and are routed dynamically in the network using an appropriate cost benefit analysis function. The influences of the different strategies on the evacuation time, the individual times spent in jam, the jam size evolution, and the overall jam size itself are investigated. The response of the system to broken escape routes is also analyzed. A good and plausible dynamic response in the route choice behavior of the pedestrians is achieved.

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