Chapter Twelve. Household Structure and Employment Strategies in a Changing Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 365-390
Keyword(s):  
Household Structure ◽  
Changing Economy

Interdisciplinary Therapy Assessments for the Older Adult

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Lynn Chatfield ◽  
Sandra Christos ◽  
Michael McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Changing Economy

In a changing economy and a changing industry, health care providers need to complete thorough, comprehensive, and efficient assessments that provide both an accurate depiction of the patient's deficits and a blueprint to the path of treatment for older adults. Through standardized testing and observations as well as the goals and evidenced-based treatment plans we have devised, health care providers can maximize outcomes and the functional levels of patients. In this article, we review an interdisciplinary assessment that involves speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and respiratory therapy to work with older adults in health care settings. Using the approach, we will examine the benefits of collaboration between disciplines, an interdisciplinary screening process, and the importance of sharing information from comprehensive discipline-specific evaluations. We also will discuss the importance of having an understanding of the varied scopes of practice, the utilization of outcome measurement tools, and a patient-centered assessment approach to care.

scholarly journals A-164 Influence of Executive Function, Partner Support, and Environmental Structure on Behavioral Weight Management Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-958
Author(s):  
Gettens K ◽  
Gorin A
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors

Abstract Objective Executive functions (EF) are crucial to successful weight management, yet few studies have prospectively explored the influence of social-environmental factors on the EF-weight loss (WL) link. This study examined interactions between EF, partner support, and household structure on weight loss outcomes in a couples-based intervention, grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Method Cohabitating dyads attended weekly weight loss groups (Ncouples = 64), Mage =54.0 ± 9.5, MBMI = 34.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 50% female, 88.8% Caucasian). Weight was measured at baseline and 6 months. The Behavior Rating Index of Executive Functions-Adult assessed 9 EF domains; higher scores indicate greater difficulty. Partner autonomy support (AS) was measured using the Important Other Climate Questionnaire, household structure with the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS), IQ with the WASI-II 2-subscale estimate. Results Multilevel models were specified with MIXED linear function in SPSS to account for dyadic interdependence, controlling for age, education, IQ and group. Moderators (AS and CHAOS) were grand-mean centered. High and low levels were created at +1SD and -1SD. At high levels of AS, Shifting (B = 1.50, p = .01) and Inhibition (B = 2.23, p = .01) were associated with greater 6-month WL. At low levels of AS, Working Memory was associated with greater WL (p < .01). Self-Monitoring was associated with greater WL at high chaos (B = .43, p = .01), but not low chaos (p = 0.1). Conclusions Findings suggest that context matters; recruiting specific EFs may promote more WL for individuals embedded in low support or chaotic home environments. Future interventions should address the complexity of successful weight management, targeting both individual and social-interpersonal factors.

scholarly journals Household structure, maternal characteristics and children’s stunting in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from 35 countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Olanrewaju Oladimeji ◽  
Emmanuel Kolawole Odusina ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit
Keyword(s):  
Birth Interval ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Childhood Stunting

Abstract Background Adequate nutrition in early childhood is a necessity to achieve healthy growth and development, as well as a strong immune system and good cognitive development. The period from conception to infancy is especially vital for optimal physical growth, health and development. In this study we examined the influence of household structure on stunting in children <5 yrs of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Methods Demographic and Health Survey data from birth histories in 35 SSA countries were used in this study. The total sample of children born within the 5 yrs before the surveys (2008 and 2018) was 384 928. Children whose height-for-age z-score throughout was <−2 SDs from the median of the WHO reference population were considered stunted. Percentages and χ2 tests were used to explore prevalence and bivariate associations of stunting. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to stunted children. All statistical tests were conducted at a p<0.05 level of significance. Results More than one-third of children in SSA countries were reportedly stunted. The leading countries include Burundi (55.9%), Madagascar (50.1%), Niger (43.9%) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (42.7%). The percentage of stunted children was higher among males than females and among rural children than their urban counterparts in SSA countries. Children from polygamous families and from mothers who had been in multiple unions had a 5% increase in stunting compared with children from monogamous families and mothers who had only one union (AOR 1.05 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.09]). Furthermore, rural children were 1.23 times as likely to be stunted compared with urban children (AOR 1.23 [95% CI 1.16 to 1.29]). Children having a <24-mo preceding birth interval were 1.32 times as likely to be stunted compared with first births (AOR 1.32 [95% CI 1.26 to 1.38]). In addition, there was a 2% increase in stunted children for every unit increase in the age (mo) of children (AOR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.02]). Multiple-birth children were 2.09 times as likely to be stunted compared with a singleton (AOR 2.09 [95% CI 1.91 to 2.28]). Conclusions The study revealed that more than one-third of children were stunted in SSA countries. Risk factors for childhood stunting were also identified. Effective interventions targeting factors associated with childhood stunting, such as maternal education, advanced maternal age, male sex, child’s age, longer birth interval, multiple-birth polygamy, improved household wealth and history of mothers’ involvement in multiple unions, are required to reduce childhood stunting in the region.

Family Structure and Proto-industrialization in Russia

1980 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Marriage Pattern ◽  
The West ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Family And Household ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Previous Existence

The experience of Russia is examined to establish whether the area underwent a process of proto-industrialization comparable to that found in Western Europe. It is argued that the process did take place in this region, even with unfree labor, and served as the basis for much later industrial development. It is also argued that the Russian case differed a good deal from that found in the West. The major factors operating to make the pattern different include the previous existence of the “non- European” marriage pattern, marked differences in family and household structure, the relative immobility of labor, and the degree to which there were half-peasant, half-manufacturing households that dominated much of manufacture.

Correlates of Extended Household Structure

1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine L. Anderson ◽  
Walter R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Household Structure

Archaeological Evidence of Domestic Sheep in the Namib Desert During the First millennium AD

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kinahan
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Namib Desert ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Changing Economy ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Bones of domestic sheep dated to the early first millennium AD are described from the Dâures massif in the Namib Desert. The remains confirm earlier investigations which inferred the acquisition of livestock from indirect evidence in the rock art, suggesting a fundamental shift in ritual practice at this time. Dating of the sheep remains is in broad agreement with the dating of other finds in the same area and in southern Africa as a whole. The presence of suspected sheep bone artefacts, possibly used for ritual purposes, draws attention to the importance of livestock as more than a component of diet in the changing economy of hunter-gatherer society.

Old Age, Economic Activity, and Living Arrangements in the Early-Twentieth-Century United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-468
Author(s):  
Cheryl Elman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Intergenerational Coresidence ◽  
Second Shift ◽  
Elderly Living

Two major transitions in U.S. household structure involving the living arrangements of the elderly have taken place over the last two centuries. The first transition, around 1820, marked the demise of the colonial household economy and the rise of a privatized household economy (Degler 1980; Demos 1986; Lasch 1977; Ruggles 1987; Rutman 1977; Ryan 1981). The old tended to share households with the nonold after this time, and the prevalence of coresidence peaked at the turn of the twentieth century (Ruggles 1987). The second shift, around the late 1940s, marked a quiet “demographic revolution” in living arrangements (Smith 1986). It brought a rapid decline in intergenerational coresidence and a parallel rise in young adults and the elderly living as primary individuals.

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