CHAPTER 13. Licensing for Profit: Efficiency Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the profit efficiency of custom and self-farming methods of rice production in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the nature and extent of the profitability and profit efficiency of custom and self-farming based on a farm survey in Taiwan. Furthermore, it estimates the stochastic profit frontier to measure the degree of inefficiency and analyze the determinants of these inefficiencies. Findings The profitability and profit efficiency of custom farming are lower than for self-farming, and the differences in profitability are more significant for large rice farmers. The estimation results show that the custom farming area and the farmer’s age decrease efficiency and, regardless of the farming style used, larger farms have higher profit efficiency. Research limitations/implications This study’s findings show that self-farming is more favorable than custom farming for profit efficiency. This study examined this problem by conducting a regression adjustment for explanatory variables, but did not remove all self-selection bias, which may occur between profit efficiency and the choice of farming system. Originality/value Previous studies that measured the efficiency of rice farming often considered cost efficiency by the cost function, and ignored the increased profit from producing high-quality rice. This study used a one-step estimation of the profit frontier function to measure the degree of inefficiency and analyze the determinants of this inefficiency.

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Profit Efficiency among Dairy Farms in the Eastern Region of India

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/19146 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 97-103

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Dairy Farming ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Profit Efficiency ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

For Profit ◽

Maximum Profit ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT The profit efficiency in dairy farming is important to keep the farmer into dairy farming. The estimates of profit efficiency provide policymakers the information to what extent milk production can be expanded by removing the factors responsible for profit inefficiencies. Keeping this in mind the present study was undertaken in the eastern region of India to explore the profit efficiency among dairy farmers and factors affecting it. It was concluded that the mean profit efficiency of the dairy farmers was 0.7215 that is the profit could be increased by 27.85 percent if both technical and allocative inefficiencies were removed. Most of the farmers had their profit efficiencies in the range of 0.66 to 0.75. About 46.26 percent of the overall variation in actual profit from the maximum profit received by dairy farmers was due to differences in farmers’ practices and random factors. The profit efficiencies in the area could be increased by farmers’ education and experience in the business. Thus, the farmers should be periodically educated on appropriate feeding practices, and new technologies in dairying to overcome the inefficiencies.

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Stochastic frontier model for profit efficiency of beef cattle farming during the covid 19 pandemic in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012081

Author(s):

Ida Indrayani ◽

Tevina Edwin

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Labor Cost ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Profit Efficiency ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

For Profit ◽

Cattle Farming

Abstract Study aimed to estimate profit efficiency and determine factors affecting the profit efficiency of beef cattle farming in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province. A survey was conducted in West Pasaman regency at October 2020. Respondents consisting of 60 beef cattle farmers were questioned using structural questionnaires. Stochastic Frontier Analysis was used to estimate profit efficiency and factors influencing profit efficiency of beef farm in West Pasaman Regency. Important factors affecting the profit efficiency of beef cattle farming business in West Pasaman Regency were feed price, cost of veterinary medicine, fixed cost, labor cost and number of cattle affecting significant to beef cattle farming profit. The average level of profit efficiency was 39, 4%. Considering the importance of profit efficiency beef cattle farming there is a need for improving level of farmer’s education and experience in beef cattle farming, but farmers should be of productive age.

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Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1017/s1073110500012961 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 202-203

Author(s):

Robert Chatham

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Public Health System ◽

Municipal Hospital ◽

The Public ◽

Public Benefit ◽

For Profit ◽

Benefit Corporation ◽

The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

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Antitrust: U.S. Supreme Court Affirms FTC Jurisdiction but Vacates Scope of Analysis on CDA Policy

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1017/s1073110500012912 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 197-198

Author(s):

Joseph R. Zakhary

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Federal Trade Commission ◽

Ninth Circuit ◽

Court Of Appeals ◽

For Profit ◽

Rule Of Reason ◽

Antitrust Analysis ◽

Business Financing ◽

The U.S

In California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S. Ct. 1604 (1999), the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that a nonprofit affiliation of dentists violated section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), 15 U.S.C.A. § 45 (1998), which prohibits unfair competition. The Court examined two issues: (1) the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) jurisdiction over the California Dental Association (CDA); and (2) the proper scope of antitrust analysis. The Court unanimously held that CDA was subject to FTC's jurisdiction, but split 5-4 in its finding that the district court's use of abbreviated rule-of-reason analysis was inappropriate.CDA is a voluntary, nonprofit association of local dental societies. It boasts approximately 19,000 members, who constitute roughly threequarters of the dentists practicing in California. Although a nonprofit, CDA includes for-profit subsidiaries that financially benefit CDA members. CDA gives its members access to insurance and business financing, and lobbies and litigates on their behalf. Members also benefit from CDA marketing and public relations campaigns.

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Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 206-217

Author(s):

Jianyuan Ni ◽

Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽

Jiang Zhang ◽

Yueqing Li ◽

Vinaya Manchaiah

Keyword(s):

Nonprofit Organizations ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

For Profit ◽

Common Reference ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Twitter Users ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Share Information

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

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