4. Probing the Compositional Relevance of Cultural Difference: Key Tendencies of East Asian New Music Since the 1950s

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-235
Episteme ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsun Kim ◽  
Yuan Yuan

AbstractIn “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” (NEI), Weinberg, Nichols and Stich famously argue from empirical data that East Asians and Westerners have different intuitions about Gettier-style cases. We attempted to replicate their study about the Gettier Car Case. Our study used the same methods and case taken verbatim, but sampled an East Asian population 2.5 times greater than NEI's 23 participants. We found no evidence supporting the existence of cross-cultural difference about the intuition concerning the case. Taken together with the failures of both of the existing replication studies (Nagel et al. 2013; Seyedsayamdost 2014), our data provide strong evidence that the purported cross-cultural difference in intuitions about Gettier-style cases does not exist.


Tempo ◽  
1991 ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Lewis Foreman

The simplistic commentator would sometimes have it that, compared to elsewhere in Europe, British music–making between the wars was insular and inward–looking. This is not strictly true; and it very much depended on where you were. While in some quarters there was a strong conviction of the superiority of the British music that had emerged since Elgar, there was also widespread and increasing interest in what was happening on the Continent, as exemplified in the activities of Arthur Bliss, Eugene Goossens and later Constant Lambert and Frank Bridge, and the journalism of Havergal Brian. It was, of course, true that the new composers presented by the Diaghilev ballet attracted a wide following, not only for the brilliance of the ballets themselves but also for their high quality of orchestral performance, at a time when British orchestras were not renowned for their performance standards. Many British composers of the time were also performed abroad, far more than might now be realized, and the new music from Europe was heard in London. Particularly after the inception of the ISCM Festivals in 1922, with British musicians playing a leading role in their organization, an awareness of the latest trends in Europe was widely felt in UK musical circles — though certain idioms, particularly those of the Second Viennese School and some works of Bartók, would not become accepted by the wider public until the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, Sir Henry Wood and Sir Adrian Boult, in particular, performed new music in all styles.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Neidhöfer

A central figure at the Darmstadt Summer Courses for New Music in the 1950s, Bruno Maderna (1920–73) pioneered a type of serialism that was as deeply rooted in the contrapuntal tradition of the past, as it was committed to the exploration of new avenues in musical expression. This article investigates the serial arrays that lie at the core of his works written between 1951 and 1956. The constructive principles behind Maderna’s tone rows are explained, as are the ways in which he subjected them to order permutations that he represented graphically in matrices, tabulating order positions and pitch-class space. The article further examines how Maderna’s matrices served as the source for his rhythmic language. With evidence from the sketch materials and other sources, the analyses show how Maderna designed his serial arrays in response to what he considered to have been the shortcomings of the twelve-tone technique.


2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Charles Hayford

AbstractThe Editor's Introduction to Part One of this two-part theme issue described the articles and offered thoughts on ways of looking at film in American-East Asian relations. This essay, the Introduction to Part Two, weighs the rewards and problems of using fiction film to represent history and other cultures. The dilemma inherent in fiction is that if we portray the past and foreign cultures as being "just like us," we gain immediacy and connection, but at the cost of ignoring cultural difference and historical change. On the other hand, if we respect the "strangeness of the past," we gain authenticity, analytic truth, and responsibility but invite sterility, academic solipsism, and isolation from the public. The essay concludes with a list of questions on how to learn about art, politics, and business when we compare film cultures and national projects across the Pacific.


2019 ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Jennifer Iverson

WDR composers drew from several sources in creating their electronic timbral utopia, including John Cage’s early works. His compelling prepared piano pieces provided a model for the new sounds of early electronic music by Schaeffer, Stockhausen, and Eimert. Furthermore, Cage’s square-root form provided a model for Stockhausen’s and Koenig’s handling of duration in their early tape music, especially because Cage embraced a proportional approach to pitch–time relationships. Although Cage and Tudor’s 1954 European tour to Donaueschingen and Cologne was partly a scandal, the pair were valued as celebrities by power brokers in the European milieu. Cage became more of a provocateur in the later 1950s, growing distant from the younger avant-garde composers. Tudor, however, remained exceptionally important as a nodal figure in the new music network, whose prodigious and consistent performances knit together the American and European avant-garde scenes in the 1950s and 1960s.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiubao Sun ◽  
Chunzai Wang ◽  
Guoyu Ren

Abstract Since the 1950s, the East Asian diurnal temperature range (DTR) defined as the difference between the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperatures (Tmin) has gradually decreased. Precipitation changes have often been cited as a primary cause of the change. However, the East Asian DTR change before 1950 and its relationship with precipitation remain unclear. Here, we mainly use a newly developed China Meteorological Administration-Land Surface Air Temperature dataset v1.1 to examine the climatological patterns and long-term trends of the DTR in East Asia from 1901 to 2018, and its relationship with precipitation. 1951–2018 mean annual DTR averaged over East Asia is approximately 10.0°C. East Asian DTR changes during 1901–2018 show two distinct characteristics. First, the DTR decrease significantly by about 0.60 ℃ during 1901–2018, and the decrease rate in the second half of the 20th century (by ~ 0.53 ℃) is significantly larger than that over the rest of the Northern Hemisphere and the global land due to rapid urbanization over East Asia. Second, before the 1950s, the DTR in East Asia shows a significant non-linear increase, while there are substantial differences in different latitude zones. The middle and high latitudes show the fluctuating rise and decline, respectively. Additionally, we find that the spatial pattern of long-term DTR change shows a significant negative correlation with mean precipitation patterns except in arid and semi-arid areas during 1901–2018. Besides, the decreasing trend of DTR is gradually become smaller from arid regions to humid regions during 1901–2018, mainly due to the difference between Tmax and Tmin warming rate is gradually become smaller.


Author(s):  
Dustin Garlitz

John Zorn is an American avant-garde saxophonist and composer. Zorn performs on alto saxophone and is one of the leading figures in New York City’s "Downtown music" scene. Zorn has recorded on major record labels and releases music on his own independent experimental record label, Tzadik. His piano-less jazz quartet Masada, using instrumentation first made popular in 1959 by avant-garde jazz alto saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman, was considered one of the leading small bands in jazz in the 1990s and 2000s and has recorded dozens of his compositions on many volumes of album releases. Zorn has focused on East Asian influences in new music, especially traditional Japanese influences. These influences were evident in his work as early as the early 1980s. He has also spent time producing albums by contemporary Japanese noise or sound artists and has performed and recorded with them on those musical releases as well. He has devoted time in his artistic career to composing music for independent films and, more notably, has released many volumes of film-inspired musical works, mostly on his own record label.


Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.


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