Association of SLC1A2 and SLC17A7 polymorphisms with major depressive disorder in a Thai population

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with high prevalence and high risk of suicide. Genetic variation of glutamate transporters may associate with MDD and suicide attempt.ObjectivesTo evaluate polymorphisms of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 gene (SLC1A2; rs752949, rs1885343, rs4755404, and rs4354668) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 gene (SLC17A7; rs1043558, rs2946848, and rs11669017) in patients with MDD with and without suicide attempt, and determine the association of these polymorphisms with age of onset and severity of MDD.MethodsDNA was extracted from blood taken from patients with MDD (n = 100; including nonsuicidal [n = 50] and suicidal [n = 50] subgroups) and controls (n = 100). Genotyping was conducted using TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.ResultsWe found a significant difference in SLC17A7 rs2946848 genotype distribution between patients in the MDD and control groups (P = 0.016). Moreover, significant differences in SLC1A2 rs752949 (P = 0.022) and SLC17A7 rs2946848 (P = 0.026) genotype distributions were observed between patients in the nonsuicidal MDD and suicidal MDD groups. SLC1A2 rs1885343 A allele carriers showed significantly lower age of onset than GG genotype (P = 0.049). Furthermore, the severity of MDD indicated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score of G allele carriers of SLC1A2 rs4755404 was significantly greater than the CC genotype (P = 0.013).ConclusionsPolymorphisms of SLC1A2 and SLC17A7 may contribute to the risk of MDD and/or suicide attempt. An association of an SLC1A2 polymorphism with the severity of MDD was apparent.

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Theta burst stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01441-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Voigt ◽

Andrew F. Leuchter ◽

Linda L. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

High Frequency Stimulation ◽

Theta Burst Stimulation ◽

Burst Stimulation ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Theta Burst

AbstractPatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may be refractory to or have contraindications that preclude treatment with antidepressant pharmacotherapies. Alternative therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) continue to evolve, and include theta burst stimulation (TBS), which has advantages over conventional rTMS. The aim of this study was to identify and meta-analyze efficacy data from all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating TBS as a treatment for MDD. Published reports of RCTs (January 1, 2010 to October 23, 2020) were identified via systematic searches in computerized databases, followed by review of individual reports for inclusion. Inclusion criteria included primary diagnosis of MDD ≥ 1 week duration of therapy with ≥10 sessions, and treatment with any form of TBS. The Cochrane GRADE methodology and PRISMA criteria were used for evaluation of individual trials. Data from ten RCTs were included, representing 667 patients. Of these, 8 RCTs compared TBS to sham treatment and one compared TBS to standard rTMS (i.e., high frequency stimulation over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [HFL]). Quality of evidence assessment yielded high confidence in the finding of TBS being superior to sham on response measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) (RR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.27 to 4.55; P = 0.007; I2 = 40%). Comparison of HRSD response rates for TBS versus rTMS produced no statistically significant difference (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.23; P = 0.80; I2 = 0%). The incidence of adverse events between TBS and rTMS was not statistically different. The findings of a positive effect of TBS vs. sham, and noninferiority of TBS vs. standard HFL rTMS support the continued development of TBS to treat depression.

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Sexual Function during Bupropion or Paroxetine Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370605100405 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 234-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Sidney H Kennedy ◽

Kari A Fulton ◽

R Michael Bagby ◽

Andrea L Greene ◽

Nicole L Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

To Receive ◽

Over Time

Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate sexual function (SF) separately in men and women with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and during treatment with bupropion sustained release (SR) or paroxetine. The secondary objectives involved a comparative evaluation of the Sex Effects Scale (Sex FX) and the Investigator-Rated Sexual Desire and Functioning Scale (IRSD-F), as well as a comparison of antidepressant outcomes and an examination of the relation between level of depression and SF over time. Method: There were 141 patients (68 women and 73 men) who met DSM-IV criteria for a current major depressive episode. They were randomly assigned to receive bupropion SR (150 to 300 mg daily) or paroxetine (20 to 40 mg daily) under double-blind trial conditions. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17), Sex FX, and IRSD-F. Results: Prior to treatment, women reported significantly lower SF on both the Sex FX and IRSD-F scales, compared with men. During treatment, there were no significant drug differences on measures of SF over time for women; however, men who were treated with paroxetine reported a worsening of SF, whereas bupropion SR did not significantly alter SF. Both bupropion SR and paroxetine produced clinically and statistically significant reductions in HDRS17 scores as well as comparable rates of response and remission. There was a statistically significant correlation between the 2 measures of SF at all visits. There was also a significant inverse relation between depression and SF in women, but not in men, irrespective of drug. Conclusion: According to the Sex FX scale, a significant difference in antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction was detected in men, but not women, during treatment with bupropion SR or paroxetine.

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Crocus sativus L. versus Citalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Anxious Distress: A Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial

Pharmacopsychiatry ◽

10.1055/s-0042-116159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 152-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. Ghajar ◽

S. Neishabouri ◽

N. Velayati ◽

L. Jahangard ◽

N. Matinnia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

P Value ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale ◽

Crocus Sativus L

Abstract Introduction: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has demonstrated antidepressant effects in clinical studies and extensive anxiolytic effects in experimental animal models. Methods: 66 patients with major depressive disorder accompanied by anxious distress were randomly assigned to receive either saffron (30 mg/day) or citalopram (40 mg/day) for 6 weeks. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were used to assess treatment effect during the trial. Results: 60 participants finished the study. Patients who received either saffron or citalopram showed significant improvement in scores of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (P-value<0.001 in both groups) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (P-value<0.001 in both groups). Comparison of score changes between the 2 trial arms showed no significant difference (P-value=0.984). Frequency of side effects was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Discussion: The present study indicates saffron as a potential efficacious and tolerable treatment for major depressive disorder with anxious distress.

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Association of activation syndrome with life-time hypomanic symptoms and Ghaemi criteria

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.714 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S528-S529

Author(s):

O. Gökçen ◽

S. Özer

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Test Scores ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Time History ◽

Life Time ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Activation Syndrome

ObjectiveActivation syndrome consists of 10 suicides associated symptoms, which is induced by antidepressant treatment. These are anxiety, agitation, manic episodes, sleep disruption, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia and mania/hypomania. This syndrome is reported to be associated with a bipolar disorder diathesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate lifetime hypomanic symptoms with major depressive disorder, who are prescribed antidepressant medication, and to investigate whether there is a relationship between these symptoms and the development of AS.MethodsSixty consecutive outpatients with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder who were naturalistically given antidepressant treatment were examined prospectively. Patients were assessed three times; at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks later. At baseline visit, clinical characteristics of patients including Ghaemi criteria were assessed, life-time history of hypomanic symptoms were assessed with the Hypomania-Checklist-32. In all three interviews, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were applied to detect the symptoms of AS. The patients who present at least one of the 10 symptoms were considered to have AS.ResultsOf the 60 patients 25(41.7%) developed AS. The most prevalent symptoms of AS are insomnia (31.7%), anxiety (25%) and irritability (15%). Significant difference was found between patients with and without AS, with regard to HCL-32 test scores. A moderate correlation between the number of AS symptoms and HCL-32 test scores were determined. AS was found to be significantly more frequent in patients with mere hypersomnia and both increased appetite and hypersomnia those without these symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe findings of this study suggest that certain features of BPS might be associated with the development of AS. Antidepressant treatment of depressive illnesses in this spectrum which are misdiagnosed as unipolar may reveal these symptoms that will complicate the current episode and destabilize the longitudinal course. For this reason, clinicians should evaluate the patients who present antidepressant induced symptoms meticulously and be careful not to overlook the characteristics of BPS.

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Bioresonance therapy may treat depression

Journal of Medicine and Life ◽

10.25122/jml-2021-0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 238-242

Author(s):

Daniela Muresan ◽

◽

Andreea Salcudean ◽

Daniela Claudia Sabau ◽

Cristina Raluca Bodo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Pharmacological Treatment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Healing Process ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Bioresonance Therapy

The aim of the study was to evaluate if bioresonance therapy can offer quantifiable results in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder and with mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes by decreasing the level of depression due to the application of bioresonance therapy as independently or complementary treatment. The study included 140 patients suffering from depression, divided into three groups. The first group (40 patients) received solely bioresonance therapy, the second group (40 patients) received pharmacological treatment with antidepressants combined with bioresonance therapy, and the third group (60 patients) received solely pharmacological treatment with antidepressants. The assessment of depression was made using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, with 17 items, at the beginning of the bioresonance treatment and the end of the five weeks of treatment, aiming to decrease the level of depression. The study identified the existence of a statistically significant difference for the treatment methods applied to the analyzed groups (p=0.0001), and we found that the therapy accelerates the healing process in patients with depressive disorders. Improvement was observed for the analyzed groups, with a decrease of the mean values between the initial and final phase of the level of depression, of delta for Hamilton score of 3.1, 3.8 and 2.3, respectively. We concluded that the bioresonance therapy could be useful in the treatment of recurrent major depressive disorder with moderate depressive episodes independently or as a complementary therapy to antidepressants.

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Antipsychotic Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-457941/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akira Nishi ◽

Kyosuke Sawada ◽

Hiroyuki Uchida ◽

Masaru Mimura ◽

Hiroyoshi Takeuchi

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Depression Severity ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract No clinical guidelines currently recommend antipsychotic monotherapy (APM) for major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of APM versus placebo in patients with MDD, no meta-analysis has examined this topic. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and Embase to identify relevant RCTs and performed a meta-analysis to compare the following outcomes between APM and placebo: study discontinuation due to all causes, lack of efficacy, and adverse events, changes in total scores on depression severity scales (e.g., Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) and in the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S) score, and individual adverse event rates. A total of 13 identified studies with 14 comparisons involving 3,197 participants that met the eligibility criteria were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference was found in study discontinuation due to all causes between the APM and placebo groups. However, there were significant differences in study discontinuation due to lack of efficacy in favor of the APM group and study discontinuation due to adverse events in favor of the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the APM group was significantly superior in relation to score reduction on the depression severity scales and CGI-S and inferior in relation to 8 of 23 individual adverse events. APM could be a useful treatment option for the acute phase of MDD, although clinicians should be aware of an increased risk of some adverse events.

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Efficacy of Gemfibrozil as an Adjunct to Sertraline in Major Depressive Disorder, A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.18502/ijps.v16i1.5379 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atefeh Zandifar ◽

Rahim Badrfam ◽

Ahmad Shamabadi ◽

Shakiba Jalilevand ◽

Shayan Pourmirbabaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

P Value ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is predicted to be the first cause of burden of disease. The antidepressant activity of gemfibrozil has been recently considered. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of gemfibrozil as a sertraline adjunct in treating patients with MDD. Method: A total of 46 patients with MDD based on the DSM-V criteria with a minimum score of 22 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were randomized to receive either 300 mg daily gemfibrozil or placebo in addition to 100 mg sertraline for 8 weeks in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Patients were evaluated for response to treatment using the HAM-D score at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 8. Results: Forty-five patients completed the study and took part in all follow-up visits. Repeated measure ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed a significant difference for time×treatment interaction on within-subjects HAM-D scores [p–value= 0.026]. A significant difference was seen in time [p–value < 0.001]. The test of between-subject effects also showed a significant effect of treatment on HAM-D scores at weeks 2, 4, and 8 [p–value = 0.07]. Using KaplanMeier estimate curves, time to remission periods were significantly different between the 2 trial arms [Log-Rank p–value = 0.003]. Conclusion: Gemfibrozil is an effective adjunctive treatment in MDD and can be used to reduce depression symptoms.

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Counterfactual Thinking-Related Emotional Responses in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Zheng ◽

Mei Liao ◽

Bangshan Liu ◽

WenWen Ou ◽

WenTao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Counterfactual Thinking ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To explore the emotional characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT)-related emotion responses in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) via the “counterfactual thinking gambling task (CTGT).”Method: Twenty-five patients with MDD (the MDD group) and twenty-five healthy controls (the HC group) with matched demographic features were included. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. The counterfactual thinking gambling task was applied to assess the situation-focused- and behavior-focused-CT-related emotion responses in the MDD group and the HC group.Results: There was no significant difference in general demographic data between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the HC group, the MDD group experienced higher levels of “disappointment” and lower levels of “joy” in the situation-focused CT paradigm (p < 0.05). However, the experience of “regret” and “relief” in the behavior-focused CT paradigm were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions: MDD is associated with an impaired situation-focused-CT-related emotion responses, and is often accompanied by increased disappointment and decreased joy; however, behavior-focused-CT-related emotion responses are not significantly affected in MDD. This pattern may represent the characteristic CT-related emotion responses of MDD.

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Factor analysis of electroacupuncture and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for major depressive disorder: an 8-week controlled clinical trial

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2017-011412 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Xinjing Yang ◽

Weijun Gong ◽

Xuehong Ma ◽

Sihan Wang ◽

Xueqin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Serotonin Reuptake ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Selective Serotonin ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference

Background: There is evidence supporting electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but its characteristics have not been well investigated. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and characteristics of EA in MDD. Methods: 60 subjects were enrolled—35 in the EA group and 25 in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group based on their preferences—in an 8-week non-randomised controlled clinical trial. The 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) and clinical global impression (CGI) were adopted for clinical assessment. The Columbia suicide severity rating scale and adverse event form were used to measure safety and tolerability. The characteristics of EA and SSRIs were compared by analysing seven factors of the HAMD-24. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of HAMD-24 response rate after intervention (P>0.05). Patients treated with EA demonstrated a significant reduction in CGI scores (P<0.05) with fewer adverse events compared with SSRIs (P<0.01). Although HAMD-24 factor analysis showed both EA and SSRIs could improve factor scores in cognitive impairment, diurnal variation, retardation, sleep disturbance, anxiety/somatisation and feelings of despair, EA showed greater improvement in anxiety/somatisation and feelings of despair than SSRIs (P<0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between EA and SSRIs in the treatment of MDD with respect to our primary outcome. However, as a potential therapy for MDD, EA appeared to result in greater symptom improvement than SSRI treatment with respect to anxiety/somatisation and feelings of despair. The results of this secondary analysis should be interpreted cautiously given the inherent issues of multiple testing.

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Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Ralte Lalthankimi ◽

Padmavathi Nagarajan ◽

Vikas Menon ◽

Jeby Jose Olickal

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Suicidal Behaviors ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Severity Of Depression

Abstract Objectives Mental disorders have a large impact on death by suicide. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and the associated factors. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among individuals aged 18 to 65 years, diagnosed with MDD in the Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Center, Puducherry during March to October 2019. Severity of depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to find the suicidal behaviors. Results For 166 participants in the study, mean (standard deviation) age was 40 (11) years and majority were females (76%). More than one-third (37%) had severe or very severe depression, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts were 83, 24, and 35%, respectively. After adjusting the covariates, the severity of depression and unemployment were significantly associated with suicidal attempts (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR] = 11.4 and 1.9), and very severe depression was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR = 1.6). Among 140 individuals with suicidal ideation, 45 (32%) had an ideation frequency of 2 to 3 times/week, 69 (50%) had ideation for 1 hour, 36 (26%) could control ideation with little difficulty, and 12% had suicidal ideation mostly to end or stop their pain. Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempts were significantly high in MDD patients, and the severity of depression was significantly associated with it. Early identification of high-risk suicidal behavior and implementation of effective preventive interventions are necessary to reduce death by suicide in these groups.

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