scholarly journals Phenotyping Root System Architecture of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Grown Under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shady A. Mottaleb ◽  
Essam Darwish ◽  
Menna Mostafa ◽  
Gehan Safwat
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Main Root

Abstract Soil salinity causes an annual deep negative impact to the global agricultural economy. In this study, the effects of salinity on early seedling physiology of two Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivars differing in their salinity tolerance were examined. Also the potential use of a low cost mini-rhizotron system to measure variation in root system architecture (RSA) traits existing in both cultivars was assessed. Salt tolerant cotton cultivar ‘Giza 90’ produced significantly higher root and shoot biomass, accumulated lower Na+/K+ ratio through a higher Na+ exclusion from both roots and leaves as well as synthesized higher proline contents compared to salt sensitive ‘Giza 45’ cultivar. Measuring RSA in mini-rhizotrons containing solid MS nutrient medium as substrate proved to be more precise and efficient than peat moss/sand mixture. We report superior values of main root growth rate, total root system size, main root length, higher number of lateral roots and average lateral root length in ‘Giza 90’ under salinity. Higher lateral root density and length together with higher root tissue tolerance of Na+ ions in ‘Giza 90’ give it an advantage to be used as donor genotype for desirable root traits to other elite cultivars.

scholarly journals AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALISED PROTEIN 18 as a Novel Modulator of Root System Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Šírl ◽  
Tereza Šnajdrová ◽  
Dolores Gutiérrez-Alanís ◽  
Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽  
Jean Phillipe Vielle-Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation

The AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN (AHL) gene family encodes embryophyte-specific nuclear proteins with DNA binding activity. They modulate gene expression and affect various developmental processes in plants. We identify AHL18 (At3G60870) as a developmental modulator of root system architecture and growth. AHL18 regulates the length of the proliferation domain and number of dividing cells in the root apical meristem and thereby, cell production. Both primary root growth and lateral root development respond according to AHL18 transcription level. The ahl18 knock-out plants show reduced root systems due to a shorter primary root and a lower number of lateral roots. This change results from a higher number of arrested and non-developing lateral root primordia (LRP) rather than from decreased initiation. Overexpression of AHL18 results in a more extensive root system, longer primary roots, and increased density of lateral root initiation events. Formation of lateral roots is affected during the initiation of LRP and later development. AHL18 regulate root apical meristem activity, lateral root initiation and emergence, which is in accord with localization of its expression.

scholarly journals Plasticity of the Root System Architecture and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters Are Important for Maintaining Bottle Gourd Responses under Water Deficit

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Dinoclaudio Zacarias Rafael ◽  
Osvin Arriagada ◽  
Guillermo Toro ◽  
Jacob Mashilo ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bottle Gourd

The evaluation of root system architecture (RSA) development and the physiological responses of crop plants grown under water-limited conditions are of great importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term variation of the morphological and physiological plasticity of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes under water deficit, evaluating the changes in the relationship between the root system architecture and leaf physiological responses. Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in rhizoboxes under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Significant genotype-water regime interactions were observed for several RSA traits and physiological parameters. Biplot analyses confirmed that the drought-tolerant genotypes (BG-48 and GC) showed a high net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates with a smaller length, and a reduced root length density of second-order lateral roots, whereas the genotypes BG-67 and Osorno were identified as drought-sensitive and showed greater values for average root length and the density of second-order lateral roots. Consequently, a reduced length and density of lateral roots in bottle gourd should constitute a response to water deficit. The root traits studied here can be used to evaluate bottle gourd performance under novel water management strategies and as criteria for breeding selection.

scholarly journals Analysis of Root System Architecture Affected by Swarming Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Songyang Li ◽  
Wenqi Yu ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Miao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Swarming Behavior

AbstractThe root system architecture (RSA) displays complex morphological characteristics because of diverse root growth behaviors. Recent studies have revealed that swarming behavior among roots is particularly important for RSA to adapt to environmental stimuli. However, few models are proposed to simulate RSA based on swarming behavior of roots. To analyze plasticity of RSA affected by swarming behavior, we propose viewing it as a swarm of single roots. A swarming behavior model is proposed by considering repulsion, alignment, and preference of individual single roots. Then, the swarming behavior model is integrated into a simple and generic RSA model (called ArchiSimple). Lastly, characteristics of RSA affected by swarming behavior model and non-swarming behavior model are compared and analyzed under three different virtual soil sets. The characteristics of RSA (such as primary root length, lateral root length, lateral roots, and resource uptake) are significantly promoted by swarming behavior. Root system distributions can also be greatly affected by swarming behavior. These results show that root foraging and exploration in soil can be regarded as collective behavior of individual single root.

scholarly journals A split supply of bio-organic and chemical fertilizer synergistically affects root system architecture and improves above-ground growth in pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalong Kang ◽  
Xiangrui An ◽  
Yanwei Ma ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Wenli Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Root Tissue Density

Abstract Background: Root system architecture (RSA) is highly plastic, responding to nutrient availability and the heterogeneity of the soil environment. However, the linkage of root morphology to anatomy and root nutrient, and its implication for root function at the heterogeneous application of bio-organic and chemical fertilizer have not yet been defined, especially for pear trees.Results: In this study, a split-root experiment was conducted using 1-year old ‘Cuiguan’ trees. No fertilizer (NF), chemical fertilizer (CF), and bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) were paired to test six combinations: NF-NF, NF-CF, NF-BIO, CF-CF, BIO-BIO, and BIO-CF. Root morphological, anatomical traits and root nutrient concentrations, and their relationships were determined. Trees receiving BIO had significantly higher lateral root numbers, activity, total lateral root length, and specific root length than trees receiving no BIO, while the effects on root tissue density were the direct opposite. Compared with CF-CF treatment, root xylem thickness, stele diameter, vessel diameter, and number of vessels all increased in response to BIO-CF treatment. Root growth was synergistically promoted in BIO-CF, with increased special root length and root nitrogen concentration, but root tissue density and the carbon:nitrogen ratio were reduced. Intriguingly, the synergistic effect resulted in greater trunk girth without sacrificing height, compared to trees receiving CF or BIO alone.Conclusions: The combination of BIO and CF improves root traits and tree growth, suggesting that using bio-organic fertilizer as a supplement to reduce the application rate of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to orchard ecosystems.

scholarly journals At-Hook Motif Nuclear Localised Protein 18 as a Novel Modulator of Root System Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Širl ◽  
Tereza Šnajdrová ◽  
Dolores Gutiérrez-Alanís ◽  
Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽  
Jean Phillipe Vielle-Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation

The At-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized Protein (AHL) gene family encodes embryophyte-specific nuclear proteins with DNA binding activity. They modulate gene expression and affect various developmental processes in plants. We identify AHL18 (At3G60870) as a developmental modulator of root system architecture and growth. AHL18 is involved in regulation of the length of the proliferation domain and number of dividing cells in the root apical meristem and thereby, cell production. Both primary root growth and lateral root development respond according to AHL18 transcription level. The ahl18 knock-out plants show reduced root systems due to a shorter primary root and a lower number of lateral roots. This change results from a higher number of arrested and non-developing lateral root primordia (LRP) rather than from a decreased LRP initiation. The over-expression of AHL18 results in a more extensive root system, longer primary roots, and increased density of lateral root initiation events. AHL18 is thus involved in the formation of lateral roots at both LRP initiation and their later development. We conclude that AHL18 participates in modulation of root system architecture through regulation of root apical meristem activity, lateral root initiation and emergence; these correspond well with expression pattern of AHL18.

scholarly journals Variation in Root System Architecture among the Founder Parents of Two 8-way MAGIC Wheat Populations for Selection in Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2452
Author(s):  
Shree R. Pariyar ◽  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
Jonas Lentz ◽  
Anna Galinski ◽  
Jens Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Root system architecture (RSA) is a target for breeding crops with effective nutrient and water use. Breeding can use populations designed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL). Here we non-invasively phenotype roots and leaves of the 16 foundation parents of two multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations, covering diversity in spring (CSIRO MAGIC) and winter (NIAB MAGIC) wheats. RSA components varied after 16 days in the upgraded, paper-based imaging platform, GrowScreen-PaGe: lateral root length 2.2 fold; total root length, 1.9 fold; and seminal root angle 1.2 fold. RSA components total and lateral root length had the highest root heritabilities (H2) (H2 = 0.4 for CSIRO and NIAB parents) and good repeatability (r = 0.7) in the GrowScreen-PaGe. These can be combined with leaf length (H2 = 0.8 CSIRO; 0.7 NIAB) and number (H2 = 0.6 CSIRO; 0.7 NIAB) to identify root and shoot QTL to breed for wheats with vigorous RSA and shoot growth at establishment, a critical phase for crop productivity. Time resolved phenotyping of MAGIC wheats also revealed parents to cross in future for growth rate traits (fastest: Robigus–NIAB and AC Barrie–CSIRO; slowest Rialto–NIAB and G204 Xiaoyan54–CSIRO) and root: shoot allocation traits (fast growers grew roots, notably laterals, quicker than leaves, compared to slow growers).

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admas Alemu ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Giuseppe Sciara ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Root System Architecture in Diverse Tomato Genotypes during Early Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Alaguero-Cordovilla ◽  
Francisco Gran-Gómez ◽  
Sergio Tormos-Moltó ◽  
José Pérez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Local Soil

Plant roots exploit morphological plasticity to adapt and respond to different soil environments. We characterized the root system architecture of nine wild tomato species and four cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties during early growth in a controlled environment. Additionally, the root system architecture of six near-isogenic lines from the tomato ‘Micro-Tom’ mutant collection was also studied. These lines were affected in key genes of ethylene, abscisic acid, and anthocyanin pathways. We found extensive differences between the studied lines for a number of meaningful morphological traits, such as lateral root distribution, lateral root length or adventitious root development, which might represent adaptations to local soil conditions during speciation and subsequent domestication. Taken together, our results provide a general quantitative framework for comparing root system architecture in tomato seedlings and other related species.

scholarly journals Soybean Root Systems and Sudden Death Syndrome Severity: Taproot and Lateral Root Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing ◽  
Darin M. Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection.

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