Wild boar density drives Metastrongylus infection in earthworm

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Nagy ◽  
Ágnes Csivincsik ◽  
László Sugár
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Larval Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Earthworm Populations

AbstractLarvae of Metastrongylus spp. lungworms infect wild boar (Sus scrofa) definitive hosts through earthworms (Lumbricidae). We compared the abundance and Metastrongylus spp. larval infection measures of earthworms between two areas (both in Zselic, Hungary, 2012) characterized by markedly different wild boar population densities. Estimated wild boar density was 0.03 animal/ha in free range area and 1.03 animal/ha in enclosure. The mean abundance of earthworm populations (mostly Allolobophora, Aporrectodea, and Lumbricus spp.) was assessed by analysing 140-140 soil samples. The assesment of Metastrongylus spp. larval infection measures was based on cca 100-100 earthworms derived from the two areas. The abundance of earthworms and their Metastrongylus spp. larval infection measures (prevalence and mean intensity) were significantly lower in the free range than in the enclosure. Furthermore, using a finer scale within the enclosure, we compared wild boar feeding sites (n = 30) to other sites (n = 75). Earthworm populations were significantly more abundant and carried significantly more prevalent and more abundant larval lungworm infections at the former sites. These results suggest that high wild boar density and forage supplementation in enclosures increase both the abundance and the larval Metastrongylus infections of earthworms

scholarly journals Pets becoming established in the wild: free–living Vietnamese potbellied pigs in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
M. Delibes–Mateos ◽  
◽  
A. Delibes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Free Living ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Adequate Management

Vietnamese potbellied (VPB) pigs (Sus scrofa) are a common pet in North America and Europe, but their recent decrease in popularity has increased their abandonment. Our main aim was to identify potential cases of free–living VPB pigs in Spain through an in–depth Google search. We identified 42 cases of free–living VPB pigs distributed throughout the country. The number of free–living VPB pigs reported increased by year but the species abundance still seems to be low. Signs of VPB pig reproduction and possible hybrids between VPB pigs and wild boar or feral pigs have been also reported. Free–living VPB pigs could erode the gene pool of the Spanish wild boar population and exacerbate the damage (e.g. crop damage or spread of diseases) already caused by wild board. Urgent evaluation and adequate management of wild VPB pig sightings is needed to prevent their establishment in natural habitats.

Health profile of free‐range wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) subpopulations hunted in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rodrigo Torres Severo ◽  
Rafael André Werlang ◽  
Ana Paula Mori ◽  
Kelen Regina Ascoli Baldi ◽  
Ricardo Evandro Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Santa Catarina State

From individual to collective vigilance in wild boar (Sus scrofa)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1632-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Quenette ◽  
Jean-François Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Variability ◽  
Proximate Causation ◽  
Vigilance Behaviour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Vigilance behaviour of captive wild boars at feeding points was investigated using films. Results show that individual vigilance decreased with increasing group size, especially between solitary individuals and groups of 2. Moreover, the collective vigilance was, whatever the group size, below the individual vigilance in solitary animals. The study of the motor variability of vigilance behaviour allows three types of movement to be distinguished. The mean durations of each type vary largely, but are almost constant whatever the group size. On the other hand, the relative proportions of the vigilance acts change according to group size. Although previous studies of vigilance are in keeping with the functional approach of behaviour, these data are interpreted in terms of proximate causation. A mechanism based on allelomimesis is proposed to explain the results.

scholarly journals Genetic Population Structure of Sus scrofa in Lithuania before the African Swine Fever Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Griciuvienė ◽  
Žygimantas Janeliūnas ◽  
Vaclovas Jurgelevičius ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Ecological Features

Abstract Background: Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed ungulate whose success can be attributed to a variety of ecological features. The genetic variation and population structure of wild boar population in Lithuania before the spread of African swine fever has not yet been thoroughly studied. To characterize the amount of genetic variation and population structure of wild boar in Lithuania before the African swine fever outbreak, we genotyped and analyzed microsatellite loci for a total of 96 wild boar specimens from nine locations. Results: In the present study, individuals were genetically typed at fifteen microsatellite loci using multiplex PCR amplification. Our data showed that that 85% of the genetic variation originated from individuals, indicating a high gene exchange between the nine subpopulations of wild boar in Lithuania. Bayesian-based clustering analysis in STRUCTURE identified two inferred genetic clusters and each of the 9 subpopulations had more than 1 cluster. A factorial correspondence analysis confirmed homogeneity and no genetic differentiation between subpopulations of S.scrofa in Lithuania.Conclusions: Our results reveal that wild boar subpopulations of Lithuania before the African swine fever outbreak were still not distinguished and admixed. This study highlights the potential contribution for the future study understanding the detailed structure of wild boar population in Lithuania after African swine fever outbreak.

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) – reservoir host of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Reiterová ◽  
Silvia Špilovská ◽  
Lucia Blaňarová ◽  
Markéta Derdáková ◽  
Andrea Čobádiová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Foodborne Infections

AbstractIn Central Europe the wild boar population is permanently growing and consequently Cf foodborne infections. In this study serological and molecular detection of

scholarly journals Impact of forest management on wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in south Lithuania

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Barkauskas ◽  
Loreta Griciuvienė ◽  
Olgirda Belova ◽  
Nomeda Bratčikovienė
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
In The Wild

We assessed the effect of the investigated felling types on the abundance of the wild boar population in south Lithuania. The study was carried out in the southern part of Prienai forest, Punia pine forest, and Kalviai forest, all located in southern Lithuania. The data on the number of the wild boar population and the hunting dynamics were gathered from six hunting seasons, from 2008 to 2014. Our results highlighted that some types of felling had negative effects on the density of the wild boar population in south Lithuania. We observed that changes in the wild boar population were not only affected by the felling of the current year, but also by that of the previous year. Further analysis of data collected over a larger area is needed to check these findings.

scholarly journals The effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Griciuvienė ◽  
Žygimantas Janeliūnas ◽  
Vaclovas Jurgelevičius ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Ecological Features

Abstract Background Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed ungulate whose success can be attributed to a variety of ecological features. The genetic variation and population structure of Lithuania’s wild boar population have not yet been thoroughly studied. The purposes of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity of S. scrofa and assess the effects of habitat fragmentation on the population structure of wild boar in Lithuania. A total of 96 S. scrofa individuals collected from different regions of Lithuania were genotyped using fifteen microsatellite loci. Results The microsatellite analysis of the wild boars indicated high levels of genetic diversity within the population. Microsatellite markers showed evidence of a single panmictic wild boar population in Lithuania according to STRUCTURE’s highest average likelihood, which was K = 1. This was supported by pairwise Fst values and AMOVA, which indicated no differentiation between the four sampling areas. The results of the Mantel test revealed a weak isolation by distance and geographic diversity gradients that persisted between locations. Motorway fencing and heavy traffic were not an effective barrier to wild boar movement. Conclusions There was limited evidence of population genetic structure among the wild boar, supporting the presence of a single population across the study area and indicating that there may be no barriers hindering wild boar dispersal across the landscape. The widespread wild boar population in Lithuania, the high level of genetic variation observed within subpopulations, and the low level of variation identified between subpopulations suggest migration and gene flow between locations. The results of this study should provide valuable information in future for understanding and comparing the detailed structure of wild boar population in Lithuania following the outbreak of African swine fever.

Estimating Population Densities of Root Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., from Soil Samples Using Dual Active and Passive Assays

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. MacGuidwin ◽  
Breann E. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root lesion nematodes are versatile parasites that move freely between root and soil habitats. Most laboratories conduct separate assays for soil or root tissue, using time-of-year as the selecting factor. We used a dual assay that simultaneously extracts nematodes from soil and root fragments in soil samples to identify the value of soil versus root tests using 920 research samples collected 1 April to 15 May, and 853 clinic samples collected year round. Nematodes were recovered from both soil and root fragments regardless of the time of year or origin of the sample. When the data were summarized by cohort, the mean percentage of nematodes recovered from root fragments was 65% for the research samples, 59% for clinic samples submitted 1 March to 15 June, 56% for clinic samples submitted 16 June to 31 July, and 49% for clinic samples submitted after 1 August. Both the incidence and population density of root lesion nematodes was underestimated if only the soil or only the root fraction was considered, indicating the need for testing methods that consider both habitats. The variability among samples for the distribution of nematodes between root and soil habitats was high, negating the option of running one assay and using a constant scaling factor to account for the other. Accepted for publication 30 October 2012. Published 20 November 2012.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Central European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) population and domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) breeds based on a microsatellite DNA locus

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-830
Author(s):  
E. A. Snegin ◽  
V. M. Makeeva ◽  
A. P. Kaledin ◽  
A. M. Ostapchuk ◽  
I. D. Alazneli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Large White ◽  
Central European ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
In The Wild

The results of studies of the genetic structure of the Central European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) population and four breeds of domestic pigs (Duroc, Yorkshire, Large White and Landrace) bred in the Central Black Earth region of Russia are presented in this work. Based on 12 microsatellite loci, a significant ( p <0.05) decrease in the level of genetic variability in bred breeds was shown. The expected heterozygosity and Shannon index were as follows: in the wild boar, Ho = 0.763 ± 0.026, I = 1.717 ± 0.091; in the Duroc breed, Ho = 0.569 ± 0.068, I = 1.191 ± 0.157; in the Landrace, Ho = 0.618 ± 0.062, I = 1.201 ± 0.147; in the Large White, Ho = 0.680 ± 0.029, I = 1.362 ± 0.074; and in the Yorkshire, Ho = 0.642 ± 0.065, I = 1.287 ± 0.156. The results of checking genotypic Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium based on the G-test of maximum likelihood demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of loci in the wild boar population were in the state of said equilibrium. By contrast, in pig breed populations, some loci demonstrated a significant deviation from the indicated equilibrium. In addition, the Yorkshire, Large White, and Landrace populations had loci, for which the hypothesis of neutrality was reliably rejected based on the results of the Ewens–Watterson test. The revealed private alleles, characteristic of the wild boar and breeds, can later be used to identify them. The ordination of the centroids of different herds in the space of the first two principal coordinates based on the matrix of pairwise estimates of Nei’s genetic distances showed that the most distant populations are the Duroc and Boar breeds, and the most genetically close are the Yorkshire and Landrace breeds. The closest to the wild boar population was the Large White breed. The assessment of the effective size, carried out using the method based on the linkage disequilibrium and the molecular coancestry method, showed that in all studied groups, including the wild boar population, the effective size was less than 100 individuals. The low effective size of the wild boar population (Ne = 21.8, Neb = 4.0) is probably caused by the death and shooting of animals due to Pestis africana suum.

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