scholarly journals Genetic Population Structure of Sus scrofa in Lithuania before the African Swine Fever Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Griciuvienė ◽  
Žygimantas Janeliūnas ◽  
Vaclovas Jurgelevičius ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Ecological Features

Abstract Background: Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed ungulate whose success can be attributed to a variety of ecological features. The genetic variation and population structure of wild boar population in Lithuania before the spread of African swine fever has not yet been thoroughly studied. To characterize the amount of genetic variation and population structure of wild boar in Lithuania before the African swine fever outbreak, we genotyped and analyzed microsatellite loci for a total of 96 wild boar specimens from nine locations. Results: In the present study, individuals were genetically typed at fifteen microsatellite loci using multiplex PCR amplification. Our data showed that that 85% of the genetic variation originated from individuals, indicating a high gene exchange between the nine subpopulations of wild boar in Lithuania. Bayesian-based clustering analysis in STRUCTURE identified two inferred genetic clusters and each of the 9 subpopulations had more than 1 cluster. A factorial correspondence analysis confirmed homogeneity and no genetic differentiation between subpopulations of S.scrofa in Lithuania.Conclusions: Our results reveal that wild boar subpopulations of Lithuania before the African swine fever outbreak were still not distinguished and admixed. This study highlights the potential contribution for the future study understanding the detailed structure of wild boar population in Lithuania after African swine fever outbreak.

scholarly journals The effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Griciuvienė ◽  
Žygimantas Janeliūnas ◽  
Vaclovas Jurgelevičius ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Ecological Features

Abstract Background Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed ungulate whose success can be attributed to a variety of ecological features. The genetic variation and population structure of Lithuania’s wild boar population have not yet been thoroughly studied. The purposes of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity of S. scrofa and assess the effects of habitat fragmentation on the population structure of wild boar in Lithuania. A total of 96 S. scrofa individuals collected from different regions of Lithuania were genotyped using fifteen microsatellite loci. Results The microsatellite analysis of the wild boars indicated high levels of genetic diversity within the population. Microsatellite markers showed evidence of a single panmictic wild boar population in Lithuania according to STRUCTURE’s highest average likelihood, which was K = 1. This was supported by pairwise Fst values and AMOVA, which indicated no differentiation between the four sampling areas. The results of the Mantel test revealed a weak isolation by distance and geographic diversity gradients that persisted between locations. Motorway fencing and heavy traffic were not an effective barrier to wild boar movement. Conclusions There was limited evidence of population genetic structure among the wild boar, supporting the presence of a single population across the study area and indicating that there may be no barriers hindering wild boar dispersal across the landscape. The widespread wild boar population in Lithuania, the high level of genetic variation observed within subpopulations, and the low level of variation identified between subpopulations suggest migration and gene flow between locations. The results of this study should provide valuable information in future for understanding and comparing the detailed structure of wild boar population in Lithuania following the outbreak of African swine fever.

scholarly journals Using data from collective hunts to estimate the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population density in north-eastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Bobek ◽  
Jakub Furtek ◽  
Marta Wojciuch-Płoskonka
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Success Index

AbstractThe spread of the African swine fever through wild boar population has caused major losses in the pig industry. Therefore, to decrease the population density of wild boar in Poland, the culling of these animals has been dramatically increased. However, the effect of depopulation is unknown because there are no methods that could be used throughout the country to estimate the number of wild boar. Thus, during two hunting seasons an attempt was made to estimate the number of wild boar using data from collective hunts. The forested area of 21 hunting districts (351.5 km2) was divided into five sampling inventory blocks (SIBs), which were used for the statistical analysis of the population density, the harvest rate and results of collective hunts. The average population density obtained by a driving census amounted to 8.19 ± 1.12 and 10.09 ± 1.06 (x̅ ± SE), animals/km2, which indicates that 2879 and 3547 wild boar were living in the study area in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons respectively. The number of wild boars bagged per one hunting plot was adopted as the harvest success index (HBI). In SIBs the HBI value fluctuated in the range of 0.55 to 1.87 individuals/hunting plot and the population density ranged from 6.46 to 12.18 wild boars/km2. The non-linear regression showed a positive relationship between the HBI index and the population density. The discussion covers the possibility of using collective hunts to estimate the number of wild boar in Poland and in the European Union.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Three African Swine Fever Viruses of Genotypes IV and XX from Zaire and South Africa, Isolated from a Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), a Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), and a European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ndlovu ◽  
A.-L. Williamson ◽  
L. Heath ◽  
O. Carulei
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Phacochoerus Africanus

ABSTRACT We report here the genome sequences of three African swine fever virus isolates obtained from a domestic pig (Zaire [Zaire]), a warthog (RSA/W1/1999 [South Africa]), and a European wild boar (RSA/2/2004 [South Africa]) belonging to genotypes IV, XX, and XX, respectively. This report increases the number of genotype XX, wild boar, and warthog reference sequences available.

1742 Studing of population structure of European wild boar (Sus scrofa) and its subspecies, inhabiting Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 848-849
Author(s):  
A. A. Traspov ◽  
O. V. Kostyunina ◽  
I. A. Domsky ◽  
A. V. Ekonomov ◽  
A. A. Sermyagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
European Wild Boar

scholarly journals Pets becoming established in the wild: free–living Vietnamese potbellied pigs in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
M. Delibes–Mateos ◽  
◽  
A. Delibes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Free Living ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Adequate Management

Vietnamese potbellied (VPB) pigs (Sus scrofa) are a common pet in North America and Europe, but their recent decrease in popularity has increased their abandonment. Our main aim was to identify potential cases of free–living VPB pigs in Spain through an in–depth Google search. We identified 42 cases of free–living VPB pigs distributed throughout the country. The number of free–living VPB pigs reported increased by year but the species abundance still seems to be low. Signs of VPB pig reproduction and possible hybrids between VPB pigs and wild boar or feral pigs have been also reported. Free–living VPB pigs could erode the gene pool of the Spanish wild boar population and exacerbate the damage (e.g. crop damage or spread of diseases) already caused by wild board. Urgent evaluation and adequate management of wild VPB pig sightings is needed to prevent their establishment in natural habitats.

scholarly journals Damage caused by red deer (Cervus elaphus) & wild boar (Sus scrofa) in forest hunting grounds in Serbia

2009 ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Gacic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Hunting Management ◽  
Hunting Ground

The systematic study and assessment of the damage by big game in forest hunting grounds in Serbia was infrequent, although the damage was evident. The objective of this paper is to identify the rates and types of damage by red deer and wild boar at three localities: (1) fenced part of the hunting ground 'Crni Lug' (Srem), (2) fenced part of the hunting ground 'Podunavsko Loviste Plavna' (Southwestern Backa), and (3) fenced rearing centre 'Lomnicka Reka' (Mt. Veliki Jastrebac). The damage was not recorded on locality (1). The damage on locality (2) (new polar plantations) and locality (3) (beech forests) was caused by red deer. The main causes of the damage were excessive density and disturbed population structure (sex and age), nonharmonised forest and hunting management, shortage of natural food, especially of pasture areas.

scholarly journals Emergence of African Swine Fever in Poland (2014–2021). Successes and Failures in Disease Eradication

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Woźniakowski ◽  
Zygmunt Pejsak ◽  
Artur Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Pig Production

African swine fever (ASF) in Poland has been a major concern for pig production for the last seven years. The main constrains in ASF eradication in Poland are due to the high density of wild boar in ASF-affected areas of the country. Other factors, responsible for long-distance ASF spread to new regions of the country, are mainly related to human-mediated activity and lack of awareness of the potential disease threat to pig production. In the case of pig holdings, the only effective measure of ASF prevention is strict implementation of biosecurity rules. Despite many efforts to implement these measures, the disease occurred in a number of voivodeships, poviats and counties of Poland, primarily in eastern Poland; however, starting from 2019, also in the western part of the country. Further recommendations to eradicate ASF in Poland or at least to minimize the economic loss caused by ASF in pig production include effective wild boar population management strategies along with the implementation of strict biosecurity measures. The observations from the last seven years of ASF epizootic in Poland clearly indicate that the disease could not have been effectively controlled in wild boar population and could only be restricted in domestic pig population following severe biosecurity rules. As for ASF spread control in wild boar population, the measures applied in other EU countries include active wild boar carcass search and disposal along with sanitary and reduction hunting. These measures have also been shown non-effective. The only solution for future sustainable pig production in Poland seems to be strict collaboration between pig producers, veterinary inspection, and hunting associations.

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