scholarly journals Occurence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Wheat from Europe – A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Stanciu ◽  
Roxana Banc ◽  
Anamaria Cozma ◽  
Lorena Filip ◽  
Doina Miere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The World

AbstractThe quality of cereals is very important for both human and animal nutrition. Fusarium mycotoxins include a great number of compounds. Trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins are the major Fusarium mycotoxins occurring in cereal grains, animal feeds and forages. Conditions that predispose to mycotoxin production by Fusarium species include humidity, temperature, aeration and substrate type. Even if a great number of fungal metabolites have been designated as mycotoxins, a small number are known to have significant animal/human health and economic significance. For this, the world-wide impact of mycotoxins on human and animal health is likely underestimated and the future in this area is to identify additional specific biomarkers and group of biomarkers that can be used to establish the exposition of human and animals to individual mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Mastanjević ◽  
Jasmina Lukinac ◽  
Marko Jukić ◽  
Bojan Šarkanj ◽  
Vinko Krstanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
By Products

Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in animal nutrition. The real problem is their harmful metabolites—toxins that, due to their thermostable properties, can easily be transferred to malting and brewing by-products. Besides fungal metabolites, other toxins originating from plants can be harmful to animal health. Precise and accurate analytical techniques broadened the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms and plants that can pose a threat to animal health. Multi-(myco)toxin analyses are advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial and plant toxins in malting and brewing by-products used for animal feed.

Course Information on the World Wide Web

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Inglis
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Australian Universities

A comparative study was made of the ways in which Australian universities are disseminating information about their courses over the World Wide Web. The study examined the quantity and quality of the information provided, the forms in which information is presented, and means of access to the information. The results of the survey indicated that while the majority of universities are now publishing at least some information over the World Wide Web, both the quantity and quality of information is variable. Implications for further development of institutional course information databases are discussed.

Web Application Quality

2003 ◽  
pp. 231-258
Author(s):  
Filippo Ricca ◽  
Paolo Tonella
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
The World ◽  
White Box Testing ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The World Wide Web has become an interesting opportunity for companies to deliver services and products at distance. Correspondingly, the quality of Web applications, responsible for the related transactions, has become a crucial factor. It can be improved by properly modeling the application during its design, but if the whole life cycle is considered, the availability of a consistent model of the application is fundamental also during maintenance and testing. In this chapter, the problem of recovering a model of a Web application from the implementation is faced. Algorithms are provided to obtain it even in presence of a highly dynamic structure. Based upon such a model, several static analysis techniques, among which reaching definitions and slicing, are considered, as well as some restructuring techniques. White box testing exploits the model in that the related coverage levels are based on it, while statistical testing assumes that transitions in the model are labeled with the conditional probabilities of being traversed.

How to Improve the Quality of Democracy? Experiences with Participatory Innovations at the Local Level in Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Geissel
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
End Of History ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Analysis

Despite the world-wide triumph of democracy, the quest for an optimal politike has not yet reached the “end of history.” It turns out that representative democracies do not necessarily satisfy citizenries. These malaises are regarded as causes for concern and political actors increasingly pin their hopes on participatory innovations as re-legitimizing responses. But do they work? Germany is an especially interesting case for empirical research. Analysis of the variety of participatory innovations utilized at the local level in Germany—often varying considerably among the different Bundesländer—provides preliminary insights. The German case shows overall that participatory innovations have the potential to cure some of the current malaises of representative democracy. Participatory innovations, however, are certainly no fast-track cure. The useful implementation of participatory innovations requires comprehensive consideration, caution, and, (up to now limited) knowledge about possibilities and pitfalls.

Quality of information available on the World Wide Web for patients undergoing thyroidectomy: review

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Muthukumarasamy ◽  
Z Osmani ◽  
A Sharpe ◽  
R J A England
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Internet Health Information ◽  
Flesch Reading Ease ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Ease Score

AbstractIntroduction:This study aimed to assess the quality of information available on the World Wide Web for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.Methods:The first 50 web-links generated by internet searches using the five most popular search engines and the key word ‘thyroidectomy’ were evaluated using the Lida website validation instrument (assessing accessibility, usability and reliability) and the Flesch Reading Ease Score.Results:We evaluated 103 of a possible 250 websites. Mean scores (ranges) were: Lida accessibility, 48/63 (27–59); Lida usability, 36/54 (21–50); Lida reliability, 21/51 (4–38); and Flesch Reading Ease, 43.9 (2.6–77.6).Conclusion:The quality of internet health information regarding thyroidectomy is variable. High ranking and popularity are not good indicators of website quality. Overall, none of the websites assessed achieved high Lida scores. In order to prevent the dissemination of inaccurate or commercially motivated information, we recommend independent labelling of medical information available on the World Wide Web.

Local community detection based on modularity metric G

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (33) ◽  
pp. 1550215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyou Xia ◽  
Xiangying Gao ◽  
Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Detection Problem ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Community Detection

In complex network analysis, the local community detection problem is getting more and more attention. Because of the difficulty to get complete information of the network, such as the World Wide Web, the local community detection has been proposed by researcher. That is, we can detect a community from a certain source vertex with limited knowledge of an entire graph. The previous methods of local community detection now are more or less inadequate in some places. In this paper, we have proposed a new local modularity metric [Formula: see text] and based on it, a two-phase algorithm is proposed. The method we have taken is a greedy addition algorithm which means adding vertices into the community until [Formula: see text] does not increase. Compared with the previous methods, when our method is calculating the modularity metric, the range of vertices what we considered may affect the quality of the community detection wider. The results of experiments show that whether in computer-generated random graph or in the real networks, our method can effectively solve the problem of the local community detection.

What about the 'other' Fusarium mycotoxins?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jestoi ◽  
M. Kokkonen ◽  
S. Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Natural Toxins ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Very High

Most Fusarium species are capable of producing mycotoxins that may cause adverse effects on human or animal health. The most commonly studied Fusarium mycotoxins include trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins. However, it seems that nearly all of the most prevalent Fusarium species infecting grains are also capable of producing other toxic metabolites. The existing studies, although exiguous, have clearly demonstrated that other toxic metabolites of Fusarium spp. are also present in our foods and feeds, occasionally at very high levels. It is apparent that since mycotoxins, including these 'other' metabolites, are natural toxins, they cannot be completely eliminated from food and feed chains. However, scientific studies are needed to determine their true significance. Thus, the mechanism and level of toxicity as well as presence and concentration levels will have to be fully clarified. In this paper, we briefly review the prevalence of the dominant Fusarium species contaminating maize and small-grain cereals worldwide, and the current knowledge on the biological activity as well as the natural occurrence of their selected less-known toxic metabolites. Additionally, the significance of these 'other' Fusarium mycotoxins is discussed.

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