»das thier friszt, der mensch iszt«

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-329
Author(s):  
Julia Griebel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Early New High German

Abstract Contemporary German shows a rigid lexical segregation between humans and animals (e. g. stillen/säugen ›suckle/breastfeed‹, corpse/carcass ›Leiche/Kadaver‹). This was not the case historically but only evolved in Early New High German and the beginning of the New High German period. This article lays out the emergence of the lexical boundary between humans and animals using the three lexical pairs essen/fressen ›eat [human]/eat [animal]‹, trinken/saufen ›drink [human]/drink [animal]‹ and schwanger/trächtig ›pregnant [human]/pregnant [animal]‹ on the basis of extensive corpus and dictionary studies, and pursues the question why the segregation between human and animals emerged at all and why this happened in the 18th century.

ACIDIC URINARY METABOLITES OF PROGESTERONE: STUDIES ON THE PREGNANT RABBIT

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. ALLEN ◽  
G. H. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Pregnant Rabbit ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARY Indirect evidence is presented which suggests that the same acidic metabolites are obtained from the hydrolysed urine of the pregnant rabbit as from the non-pregnant animal injected with labelled progesterone. The acidic urinary metabolites were characterized by conversion with borohydridebismuthate to neutral aldehydes, which were then chromatographed on SE-30 and QF-1. In four rabbits the urinary excretion of the aldehydogenic metabolites and of pregnanediol, before and after mating, was parallel; the highest values were obtained in the 24 hr. after the coital stimulus.

scholarly journals Nominalization and argument structure in Early New High German

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Demske
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
German Language ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Lexical Decomposition ◽  
Early New High German ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Syntactic Behavior ◽  
Different Parts

Recent work on argument selection couched in a lexical decomposition approach (Ehrich & Rapp 2000) postulates different linking properties for verbs and nouns, challenging current views on argument inheritance. In this paper, I show that the different behavior with respect to verbal and nominal linking observed for Present-Day German does not carry over to ung-nominals in Early New High German. Deverbal nouns and corresponding verbs rather behave alike with respect to argument linking. I shall argue that this change is motivated by the growing rift between ung-nominals and their verbal bases both focussing on different parts oftheir lexicosemantic structure in Present-Day German. Evidence for the verb-like behavior of ung-nominals in Early New High German comes from the regular meaning relation between verbs and corresponding derived nouns, the actional properties of event-denoting nouns, and the patterning of ung-nominals with nominalized infinitives. Even their syntactic behavior reflects the verbal character of ung-nominals during that period of the German language. The diachronic facts can be accounted for in a straightforward way once we adopt a lexical decomposition approach to argument selection.  

Possibilities and limitations of the localization of Middle and Early New High German sources using the example of the 'Sibyllenweissagung' (Bern, Burgerbibl., Cod. 537) Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Lokalisierung mittel- und frühneuhochdeutscher Quellen am Beispiel der 'Sibyllenweissagung' (Bern, Burgerbibl., Cod. 537)

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-393
Author(s):  
Eva Büthe-Scheider
Keyword(s):  
Special Regard ◽  
Early New High German

We improve the geolinguistic classification of a text witness of the 'Sibyllenweissagung', examine previous localizations of this example and discuss the methods of linguistic localizations with special regard to texts handed down in copial form. We provide evidence that in addition to the exclusive localization features, the local usances of writing also play an important role. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die sprachliche Einordnung eines Textzeugen der 'Sibyllenweissagung' präzisiert. Dabei werden bisherige sprachräumliche Zuschreibungen überprüft und Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Lokalisierung von kopial überlieferten Texten methodisch diskutiert und ausgelotet. Es zeigt sich, dass neben den aufzuspürenden Exklusivmerkmalen, die eine Lokalisierung erlauben, auch dem jeweils gültigen Schreibusus eine wichtige Rolle zukommt.

The usage and spread of sentence-internal capitalization in Early New High German: A multifactorial approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Barteld ◽  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
Renata Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Witch Trials ◽  
Early New High German ◽  
Multifactorial Approach

AbstractSentence-internal capitalization of nouns is a characteristic of written Standard German. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have been identified as the crucial period for the development of this graphemic convention. Previous studies have shown that animacy played a major role in the spread of sentence-internal capitalization. On the basis of the transregional SiGS-corpus consisting of 18 protocols of witch trials (hand-)written between 1588 and 1630, we propose word frequency as an additional factor and test for its interaction with animacy. Our data reveal that the proportion of capitalized words denoting humans and animate concepts increases rapidly, while the capitalization of lexemes referring to concrete and abstract concepts remains stable at a lower level. A binomial mixed-effects model shows a highly significant effect of frequency and a significant interaction between frequency and animacy. In sum, our data show how cognitive, pragmatic, and usage factors conspire in the gradual emergence of a graphemic convention. We therefore argue that the previously neglected graphemic dimension can add important insights to an empirically based theory of the language-cognition interface.

Collagen solubility and tensile properties of the rat uterine cervix in late pregnancy: effects of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin F2α

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hillier ◽  
R. M. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Prostaglandin F

The collagen concentration in rat uterine cervix was less on day 18 of pregnancy than in the non-pregnant animal but did not diminish further as pregnancy proceeded. The solubility of cervical collagen in warm acetic acid (0·5 mol/l) was increased on day 22 compared with days 19, 20 and 21 of pregnancy, and there was a positive correlation of increasing solubility with the tissue rate of creep (a measure of reducing stiffness of the cervix). Treatment of rats subcutaneously with arachidonic acid or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on day 18 of pregnancy decreased the stiffness of the tissue when assessed on day 19 and this was accompanied by increased solubility in cold saline (0·45 mol/l), cold acetic acid and warm acetic acid and a reduction in collagen concentration. These results suggest that collagen properties rather than concentration are important in determining the stiffness of the rat uterine cervix at term and that exogenous PGF2αand arachidonic acid cause biochemical changes in collagen structure unlike those seen at term in untreated animals.

“Non-coordinating UND” in Middle and Early New High German

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Jana Oppermann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Head Element ◽  
Early New High German

Abstract Even though it has been noted quite early that the conjunction UND may also serve as a relative/equative particle or even a subjunction in MHG and ENHG, corpus-based empirical studies are lacking so far. Based on new empirical data, I show that non-coordinating UND originated in the UG dialect area during the 12th century, subsequently spreading to the CG dialect area and reaching the peak of its use in the 14th century. In contrast to recent literature, I argue that the non-coordinating use of the conjunction originated from semantically and syntactically ambiguous constructions of the form UND-XP-VFIN. I also propose that the earliest instances of the phenomenon are (adverbial) relative constructions and that the temporal and the equative function developed via reanalysis of adverbial relative clauses with a temporal/modal head element.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POTASH ADMINISTRATION ON THE BODY WEIGHT OF PREGNANT WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
VIDONA WB ◽  
ADUEMA WADIONI ◽  
AKUNNEH-WARISO C ◽  
AMAH AK
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: Potash known as potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a mixture of salt with other components, including impurities which coexist in mineral and salt is highly consumed in various forms by pregnant women. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of potash on the weight index of pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 25 albino Wistar rat with weights ranging from 180 to 300 g were used and allocated into five groups of five animals each (four females and one male) designated as Groups A, B, C, D, and E. The experimental Groups B, C, D, and E were administered through oral route different doses of potash of 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, after pregnancy was detected by checking for mucus plug in the vagina. Group A served as the control group and was administered distilled water only. The animals were allowed for 1 week for acclimatization under normal temperature (270–300°C), which they were being fed with normal feed (grower’s mash) and water ad libitum for 1 week. Results: The result showed a significant (p˂0.05) reduction in weight with the highest level seen with the 1200 mg/kg group when compared to the control. Conclusion: Therefore, the effect of potash alters the physical activity and decreases weight, by implication may induce growth retardation of the Wistar rats which is not healthy for a pregnant animal.

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