scholarly journals Influence of inoculation with Lactobacillus on fermentation, production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol as well as Maize silage aerobic stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Marek Selwet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
L1 And L2

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the influence of a commercial bacterial inoculant (L1) and a preparation (L2) containing three Lactobacillus strains capable of producing 1,2-propanediol and short-chain fatty acids on maize silage aerobic stability improvement. The research showed that during 90-day ensilage, the applied preparations significantly reduced the content of DM, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), pH and DM recovery (P < 0.05). The concentration of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) in the inoculated samples increased significantly (P < 0.05). 1,2-Propandiol and 1-propanol were not found in control silages (without additives). The addition of L1 and L2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentration of these substances. The L1 and L2 mixtures significantly extended (P < 0.05) the silage aerobic stability.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Inulin on Intestinal Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kanako Omori ◽  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Nakayama ◽  
Yijin Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Constipation is a common condition that occurs in many people worldwide. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as the first-line drug for chronic constipation in Japan, dietary fiber intake is also recommended. Dietary fiber is fermented by microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are involved in regulating systemic physiological functions and circadian rhythm. We examined the effect of combining MgO and the water-soluble dietary fiber, inulin, on cecal SCFA concentration and microbiota in mice. We also examined the MgO administration timing effect on cecal SCFAs. The cecal SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbiota was determined using next-generation sequencing. Inulin intake decreased cecal pH and increased cecal SCFA concentrations while combining MgO increased the cecal pH lowered by inulin and decreased the cecal SCFA concentrations elevated by inulin. When inulin and MgO were combined, significant changes in the microbiota composition were observed compared with inulin alone. The MgO effect on the cecal acetic acid concentration was less when administered at ZT12 than at ZT0. In conclusion, this study suggests that MgO affects cecal SCFA and microbiota during inulin feeding, and the effect on acetic acid concentration is time-dependent.

scholarly journals Effects of biological and chemical additives on fermentation progress in maize silage

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tyrolová ◽  
L. Bartoň ◽  
R. Loučka
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Chemical Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Group B ◽  
Additive Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bacterial and chemical additives on the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and on fermentation indicators in whole maize silage at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 90 days of fermentation. Maize forage was harvested at approximately 34% dry matter (DM) and treated with (1) no additive (control; C); (2) bacterial inoculant (2 g/t of forage; B) containing the homofermentative LAB Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Pediococcus pentosaceus (1.5 × 10<sup>11</sup> cfu/g of inoculant); and (3) chemical additive (4 l/t of forage; CH) containing formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate, and benzoic acid. Both treatments decreased pH of silage at day 1 of ensiling (P &lt; 0.05), and the lowest value of 4.34 was observed in the CH-treated silage. All silages were well fermented and had pH &lt; 4.0 by day 10 of fermentation. The concentration of lactic acid and the lactic acid : acetic acid ratio increased over time in all treatment groups, and the highest values were 87.5 and 3.62 g/kg of DM, respectively, observed for group B at day 90 (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were higher (P &lt; 0.05) for CH compared to C and B at days 3, 5, 10, and 90 of fermentation. The CH silage had fewer LAB (P &lt; 0.05) than did either C or B silages regardless of the days of fermentation. Both additives used in the present study improved fermentation dynamics of the whole crop maize silage.

Intake, digestibility and aerobic stability of barley silage inoculated with mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
L. B. Selinger ◽  
L. R. McMahon ◽  
H. D. Bae ◽  
T. J. Lysyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of ensiling barley treated with two bacterial inoculants containing mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium (1.0 × 105 cfu g−1 as fed silage) on the nutritional value and aerobic stability of barley silage was examined. Inoculants differed in the strains they contained and were originally selected by Pioneer Hi-Bred International for use with corn or alfalfa silage, SILA-BAC® (1174), or with grass silage (X2637). Concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were higher (P < 0.05) in inoculated than in control silages. Although inoculants appeared to increase the numbers of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) at ensiling, post-ensiling numbers (cfu g−1) of yeasts and molds were lower (P < 0.05) in inoculated than in control silages. Lactic acid concentrations and pH were similar among the silages and variations m the growth of yeast and mold populations could not be explained by differences in the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) among silages. Inoculation of barley silage with either inoculant increased (P < 0.01) the average daily gain of lambs. A digestibility experiment with 12 growing ram lambs showed that inoculants did not alter (P > 0.05) DM intake, feed efficiency or the digestion of DM, organic matter, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Nitrogen intake and retention were greater (P < 0.05) in lambs fed silage inoculated with 1174 as compared with control silage. Yeast populations were increased (P < 0.05) in control and 1174 after 2 d of exposure to air but it required 13 d for a similar yeast population to be established in X2637 silage. Increases in the mold populations within the silages were noted after 2, 5 and 13 d of exposure to air for control, 1174 and X2637, respectively. The temperature of control silage increased (P < 0.05) 2 d after exposure to air, whereas increases in temperature were delayed for 4 d in 1174 and 8 d in X2637. Temperatures rose as high as 30 °C in control silage, but did not exceed 24 °C in inoculated silages during the 13 d period. Key words: Barley silage, inoculant, digestion, aerobic stability, sheep, gain

scholarly journals Ensiling corn silage with different levels of a multi-species lactic acid bacteria inoculant

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadzadeh ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Aerobic Stability

A multi-species lactic acid bacterial inoculant (Lactisil maize, LM) was applied to whole-crop corn at different maturities in laboratory silos, to evaluate its effects on biochemical characteristics and aerobic stability. The corn crop was harvested at hard dough (HD, 253.1 g/DM kg), one-third milkline (ML, 293.7 g/DM kg) and one-third milkline with a killing frost (MLF, 297.6 g/DM kg). Crops were chopped to a 2.5-cm theoretical cut length, subsampled and treated with two levels of inoculant (LB1 = 1.5 × 105 cfu/g forage, LB2 = 3 × 105 cfu/g forage) or untreated (WO). The chemical composition of MLF crops was very similar to that of ML crops. However, lower (P < 0.01) numbers of lactic acid bacteria and higher numbers of yeast were enumerated in MLF than in ML crops. Higher percentages of DM and neutral detergent fibre and higher pH, but lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein were measured in ML and MLF crops than in HD crops. Application of the inoculant increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of volatile fatty acids, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in silages. Lactic acid concentration increased (P < 0.01) in HD treatments with an increasing level of inoculant. In contrast, the highest (P < 0.01) lactic acid concentration was measured in LB1 treatment compared with WO and LB2 in ML and MLF silages. Silages prepared from ML and MLF crops had higher (P < 0.01) lactic and acetic acid concentrations but lower (P < 0.01) butyric acid concentrations than did those prepared from HD. The pH in LB1 and LB2 silages was higher (P < 0.01) than that measured in WO silages. Aerobic stability was not influenced by inoculant treatment but low-DM silages were more (P < 0.01) resistant to spoilage. Frost-killed corn crops had a good potential to produce well fermented silage. Using LM resulted in silages with slightly higher fermentation products but it failed to improve aerobic stability of silage after 120 days of ensiling. These results indicated that inoculation of corn crops with LM for a short-duration ensilage period cannot enhance aerobic stability of silages due to insufficient acetic acid production from lactic acid conversion.

scholarly journals Improvement of Fermentation Quality in the Fermented Total Mixed Ration with Oat Silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Zhu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Spoilage Yeast ◽  
Fermentation Quality

The use of the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) is a promising approach for the preservation of homogeneous feed, but changes during fermentation and links with the bacterial community of FTMR are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of adding oat silage (OS) to the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) in terms of fermentation, chemical composition, and the bacterial community. The fermentation quality of FTMR with 22% OS was greatly improved, as demonstrated by decreases in the butyric acid concentration, a lower lactic acid/acetic acid ratio, a larger population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and quicker spoilage yeast death. Further examination of the effects of various ensiling days on nutritive values showed stable crude protein and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) contents. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammonia–nitrogen (NH3–N) were increased following all FTMR treatments after 15 d, while the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was decreased. More heterofermentative LAB, such as Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Lentilactobacillus brevis, and Companilactobacillus versmoldensis were found after adding 11% and 22% OS. Moreover, the addition of 22% OS caused a marked increase in both bacterial richness and diversity, dominated by the Lactobacillus genus complex. Among species of the Lactobacillus genus complex, the occurrence of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis was positively correlated with lactic acid, NPN, and NH3–N concentrations, suggesting its potential role in altering the fermentation profiles.

scholarly journals Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Napier grass ensiled with citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Xuxiong Tao ◽  
Chongwen Ji ◽  
Sifan Chen ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Quality

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding citric acid residue (CAR) with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus; syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Sumu No. 2 at ensiling on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the resulting silage. Treatments included: Control (Napier grass forage without additives); and Napier grass inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and L. buchneri) at 1 × 106 cfu/gfresh weight (FW) forage (LAB) or 36 g citric acid residue/kg FW forage (CAR) or a mixture of CAR and LAB (CL). Forty-five days after ensiling the silages were tested for chemical and microbial composition and an aerobic stability test was conducted. The addition of CAR with or without LAB increased the DM and lactic acid concentrations in silage and decreased pH plus acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), neutral detergent fiber and cellulose concentrations relative to Control. The pH in LAB silage was lower than in Control, while lactic acid concentration was higher. During the first 2 days of aerobic exposure, all additives increased the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lactic acid concentrations and decreased pH plus NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations. Moreover, CL silages had the highest WSC and the lowest NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations during aerobic exposure. However, all additives failed to improve the aerobic stability of the silage. While CAR with or without LAB inoculant improved the fermentation quality of silage made from Napier grass, more studies are warranted to identify additives which can improve aerobic stability of the silage after opening.

scholarly journals Nutritional reserves of Vochysiaceae seeds: chemical diversity and potential economic uses

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. S Mayworm ◽  
Marcos S Buckeridge ◽  
Ursula M. L Marquez ◽  
Antonio Salatino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Extractive Reserves ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Contents of proteins, carbohydrates and oil of seeds of 57 individuals of Vochysiaceae, involving one species of Callisthene, six of Qualea, one of Salvertia and eight of Vochysia were determined. The main nutritional reserves of Vochysiaceae seeds are proteins (20% in average) and oils (21. 6%). Mean of carbohydrate contents was 5. 8%. Callisthene showed the lowest protein content (16. 9%), while Q. cordata was the species with the highest content (30% in average). The contents of ethanol soluble carbohydrates were much higher than those of water soluble carbohydrates. Oil contents lay above 20% for most species (30. 4% in V. pygmaea and V. pyramidalis seeds). The predominant fatty acids are lauric (Q. grandiflora), oleic (Qualea and Salvertia) or acids with longer carbon chains (Salvertia and a group of Vochysia species). The distribution of Vochysiaceae fatty acids suggests for seeds of some species an exploitation as food sources (predominance of oleic acid), for other species an alternative to cocoa butter (high contents or predominance of stearic acid) or the production of lubricants, surfactants, detergents, cosmetics and plastic (predominance of acids with C20 or C22 chains) or biodiesel (predominance of monounsaturated acids). The possibility of exploitation of Vochysiaceae products in a cultivation regimen and in extractive reserves is discussed.

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