A mural tomb of the Northern Qi Dynasty at Shuiquanliang in Shuozhou, Shanxi

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanxi Provincial Institute Of Arch ◽  
Shanxi Museum ◽  
Shuozhou Municipal Department Of Cu ◽  
Chongfu Temple Cultural Relics Admi
Keyword(s):  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village ◽  
Grave Goods

AbstractFrom June to August 2008, a joint archaeological team excavated a mural tomb at Shuiquanliang Village in Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. The tomb is situated about 1.5km west of the village. In the tomb, grave goods such as pottery figurines, pottery models and glazed ceramic vessels as well as many well-preserved murals were found. The tomb structure, murals, and tomb furnishings suggest that the tomb was built in the late Northern Qi Dynasty; the occupant of the tomb may have been the military commander of Shuozhou City. This excavation is very important for the study of the history and culture of Shuozhou area in the Northern Qi Dynasty.

RADIOCARBON DATING OF A LATE ANTIQUE NECROPOLIS FROM FELANITX (MALLORCA, BALEARIC ISLANDS)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
C Mas Florit ◽  
M Á Cau Ontiveros ◽  
M Van Strydonck ◽  
M Boudin ◽  
F Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
The Village ◽  
Grave Goods

ABSTRACT The excavation of a building in the village of Felanitx in the eastern part of the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) has revealed the existence of a small necropolis. The inhumations did not provide grave goods except for a bronze belt buckle for which the typological study suggests a Late Antique chronology. The stratigraphical sequence however seems to suggest a possible evolution of the space across time since some graves are cut by others. In order to obtain an absolute date for the necropolis and to verify if there are chronological differences between the graves, a total of 6 human bones samples have been 14C dated by AMS. The results of the radiocarbon dating confirm a Late Antique chronology (4th to 7th century AD) for the graves but do not suggest a chronological evolution. Despite the fact that the knowledge of the necropolis is still fragmentary, the results are extremely important because they provide an absolute date for a Late Antique necropolis in the Mallorcan rural area.

The Fustat al-‘adala’s relation to the Siyar al-muluk: textual analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-189
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Khismatulin
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Career Ladder ◽  
High Position ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
The Military ◽  
Administrative Center

The bureaucratic system of the Great Saljuqs (431–552/1040–1157) reached the apogee of its development in connection with extensive conquests and the need to effectively manage the conquered territories. This system was later preserved by their Anatolian successors (c. 483–707/1081–1308), along with the methods of climbing the administrative career ladder. Along with the hereditary succession in government appointments, the making of literary forgeries, hidden plagiarism and the deliberate editing of texts written by other people occupied not the last place among these methods in order to obtain a high position at the Saljuqid сourt. These methods clearly characterize both the genre of administrative literature and the authors who worked in it. The structure and content of their compilations in this genre directly depended on the vacancies they applied for. The Fustat al-‘adala organically fits into a number of other texts written in the genre of administrative literature in the Saljuqid era. As shown by the textual analysis in this article, the Fustat al-‘adala’s compiler resorted to hidden plagiarism of voluminous fragments from sources of different genres, as well as to their deliberate editing in order to get a position at the сourt of Muzaffar al-din b. Alp Yurak (d. 691/1292) who was the military commander and ruler of the Chobanids beylik with its administrative center in Kastamonu. One of the basic sources for this compilation was the first redaction of the Siyar al-muluk (Siyasat-nama), which was fabricated by Amir Mu‘izzi about 185 years before and ascribed by him to Nizam al-mulk also with the aim of obtaining a high position at the Saljuqid сourt.

Division and Conflict in the Partisan Resistance

Modern Italy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Dondi
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Power Struggles ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
The Military

The article sheds light on the power struggles at the heart of the Italian Resistance movement. From June 1944, as the movement grew rapidly, the leadership positions, both at national and local level, became ever more important and contested. The most significant roles in the Resistance, such as the national and regional leadership, but also the provincial commands, depended on the military strength of the various formations and on the power of the anti-Fascist parties. The re-formed political parties attempted to occupy important positions in the Resistance movement, hoping that these roles would help them out in any future settlement. In fact the rules of the game turned out to be far more complex and the political role played by any particular party did not determine its future success. The Anglo-Americans' influence over the power balance within the Resistance movement was to be decisive. The Allies managed to orchestrate the appointment of Raffaele Cadorna, who was not looked on favourably by the parties of the left and the Action Party, as military commander. In this way the Allies fostered the growth of moderate military formations frequently linked to Christian Democracy. In order to understand the Resistance in all its complexity, it is therefore necessary to return to the concept of internal conflict. The power struggles were better managed at national rather than local level, where they frequently led to violence.

scholarly journals (P1-67) Collaboration of Military and Civil EMS during Russian Georgian War 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s120-s120
Author(s):  
K. Chikhradze ◽  
T. Kereselidze ◽  
T. Zhorzholiani ◽  
D. Oshkhereli ◽  
Z. Utiashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village

IntroductionDuring 2008 Russian Federation realized major aggression against its direct neighbor, the sovereign republic of Georgia. It was Russia's attempt to crown its long time aggressive politics by force, using military forces. EMS physicians from Tbilisi went to the Gori district on August 8 at first light, 14 brigades were sent. At noontime of August 8, their number was increased up to 40. 6 brigades of disaster medicine experts joined them as well.ResultsDestination site for the beginning was the village Tkviavi, where a military field hospital was assembled and a Military Hospital in Gori. Later 6 brigades were withdrawn towards the village Avnevi. During fighting, wounded victims were evacuated from the battlefield, where initial triage was done. Evacuated victims were brought to the military hospital where the medical triage, emergency medical care and transportation to Gori military hospital or to Tbilisi hospitals was done. A portion of the wounded was directly taken to Gori military hospital and later to different civil hospitals in Tbilisi. Corpses were transported to Gori morgue as well. On August 9, the emergency care brigades and field hospital left Tkviavi and moved to the village Karaleti, then to Gori. On August 12, the occupied territory was totally evacuated by civil and military medical personnel. Although withdrawal of wounded was done on following days. Up to 2232 military and civil persons were assisted by EMS brigades during war period (8–12 August), from them 721 patients were transported among which 120 were severely injured.ConclusionClose collaboration between military and civil EMS gave the system opportunity to work in an organized manner. On the battlefield prepared military rescuers were active taking out wounded victims to the field or front-line hospitals from which civil emergency care brigades transported them to Tbilisi hospitals. Only 3 fatalities occurred during transportation.

scholarly journals AN URARTIAN GRAVE IN AGHAVNADZOR, VAYOTS DZOR, ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Gasparyan ◽  
Roberto Dan ◽  
Priscilla Vitolo ◽  
Artur Petrosyan ◽  
Chiara Zecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Information ◽  
The Village ◽  
Present Poster ◽  
Grave Goods

In 2013 an Urartian tomb has been identified by chance during the construction of a house in the village of Aghavnadzor in Vayots Dzor Region, Armenia. Despite the tomb was heavily damaged, archaeologists were able to dig it and document it before its destruction. The multiple burial showed the contemporary coexistence of inhumation and incineration, according to a funerary practice well known in Urartian times. A good amount of grave goods have been recovered and restored. Most of it shows typical Urartian features with some interesting exceptions that refer to contemporary Assyrian models. The grave has been dated back to the 8th century thanks to 14C. In the present poster, the materials of the grave are presented and discussed. This discovery is particularly important because gives new information on the Urartian occupation of this part of the Armenian Highlands and, in particular, of the Vayots Dzor Region. The tomb will be discussed in the wider frame of the important Urartian evidence already known in the region, like the so-called ‘tomb of Yeghegnadzor’.

The Western Zhou cemetery at Dahekou in Yicheng County, Shanxi

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joint Archaeological Team Of Shanxi
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Zhou Dynasty ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Western Zhou Dynasty ◽  
Grave Goods

AbstractSince 2007, the excavations to the Dahekou Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty located in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province have found over 600 burials and 20 chariot-and-horse pits, over 300 burials of which have been excavated. All of these burials were vertical shaft pit tombs in rectangular plan, most of which had waist pits containing dogs, some of which even had recesses on the walls. The burial furniture assemblages were single coffin, one outer coffin and one inner coffin or one outer coffin and two inner coffins. Most of the tomb occupants were in extended supine position; the grave goods of large

scholarly journals Integrazioni multidisciplinari: storia, rilievo e rappresentazioni del castello di Palmariggi in Terra d’Otranto

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Palestini ◽  
Carlos Cacciavillani
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Direct Knowledge ◽  
Defensive Structure ◽  
History Survey ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village

Multidisciplinary integrations: history, survey and representations of the castle of Palmariggi in Terra d’OtrantoThe contribution integrates historical readings, conducted through archive documents and iconographic materials, with surveys and graphical analyzes carried out through direct knowledge of Palmariggi’s historic center in Salento. The imposing Aragonese castle of which today only the two cylindrical towers remain, joined together by a stretch of perimeter masonry, initially presented a quadrangular plan with four corner towers, of which three are cylindrical and one is square and was surrounded by an existing moat, until the middle of the twentieth century, with a wooden drawbridge on the eastern side. The fortress was part of a strategic defensive system, designed to protect the village and the productive Otranto’s land with which it was related. The fortified Palmeriggi’s center represented an important defensive bulwark placed within the network of routes and agricultural activities that led from the hinterland to the port of Otranto, where flourishing trade took place. The research examines the changes undergone by the defensive structure that has had several adaptations made initially in relation to changing military requirements, resulting from the use of firearms, the upgrades that were supposed to curb the repeated looting and the military reprisals against the inhabited coastal and inland centers of Salento peninsula, and later social that led to the expansion of fortified village with Palazzo Vernazza’s (eighteenth century) adjacent construction and the original parade ground’s elimination. Summing up, the contribution in addition to documenting the current situation with integrated surveys, the state of preservation of fortified structure with its village, of which it examines the urban evolution based on the construction, typological and morphological systems, relates to the surrounding territory by comparing the plant of the ancient nucleus with that of neighboring fortified Salento’s centers. Finally, digital study models allow fortified structure’s three-dimensional analysis, its construction techniques, assuming the original shape.

About One Detail of the Funeral Rite of Ancient Qabala

2021 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Jeyhun T. Eminli
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Specific Detail ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Funeral Ceremony ◽  
Grave Goods

This article is devoted to the consideration and interpretation of a peculiar detail of the funeral rite observed at the cemeteries of ancient period in the historical region of Qabala - the capital of Caucasian Albania. Attention is focused on ceramic vessels with intentionally made holes, which were revealed in the burials among the grave goods. The vessels with holes were found in the ground burials of Uzuntala and Gushlar cemeteries of the 1st century BCE – 1st century CE, along with skeletons in a contracted position on their sides; as well as in the catacomb burial of Salbir, dating to the I-III centuries CE. In burials nos. 3–7 of Uzuntala, vessels of this type had holes in the center of their bases, and were placed upside down in the grave. In the catacomb burial of Salbir, 1st – 3rd centuries CE, two vases of the same type had large holes on the side of the body. The specific detail of the funeral rite, which is of a particular nature, has been episodically traced in the territory of Azerbaijan since the Bronze Age and continued to exist until the Late Antique period. It allows us to talk of the existence of a ritual that was carried out during the funeral ceremony and reflected some religious ideas associated with the funeral ideology. The authors of the paper suppose that these vessels should, according to prevailing beliefs, symbolize the “exodus of the soul” of the deceased and have no connection with the custom of damage to the inventory.

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