An M protein coiled coil unfurls and exposes its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37

Surface-associated, coiled-coil M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) disable human immunity through interaction with select proteins. However, coiled coils lack features typical of protein-protein interaction sites, and it is therefore challenging to understand how M proteins achieve specific binding, for example, with the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, which results in its neutralization. The crystal structure of a complex of LL-37 with M87 protein, an antigenic variant from a strain that is an emerging threat, revealed a novel interaction mode. The M87 coiled coil unfurled and asymmetrically exposed its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37. A single LL-37 molecule bound M87 in the crystal, but in solution recruited additional LL-37 molecules, consistent with a protein trap neutralization mechanism. The interaction mode visualized crystallographically was verified to contribute significantly to LL-37 resistance in an M87 Strep A strain, and was identified to be conserved in a number of other M protein types that are prevalent in human populations. Our results provide specific detail for therapeutic inhibition of LL-37 neutralization by M proteins.

The Relationship Between Parent and Adolescent Autobiographical Memory Specificity

<p>The ways we remember our past have been demonstrated to have important implications regarding our psychological functioning (Waters, 2014). Research suggests parents scaffold early remembering skills which can shape the amount of specific detail children can recall from their autobiographical memories (Autobiographical Memory Specificity; AMS) (Reese & Fivush, 1993; Reese, Haden, & Fivush, 1993; Valentino et al., 2014). The current study investigated whether parents and their adolescent children display similar patterns of AMS. In addition, previous literature has predominately utilised only one measure of AMS – the Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986). A critique of this measure and an argument for adopting a new measure of AMS is provided. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between parent and adolescent rumination which has been shown to share an important relationship with AMS (Williams et al., 2007) and, like AMS, is suggested to be socialised early in the life span (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyuboirsky, 2008). Sixty-seven parent-adolescent dyads were recruited, and measures of AMS and rumination were administered. A significant positive relationship between parent and adolescent rumination was found, however, the relationships between parent and adolescent AMS were non-significant. Implications regarding existing theory, limitations, and ideas for future research are discussed.</p>

The Relationship Between Parent and Adolescent Autobiographical Memory Specificity

<p>The ways we remember our past have been demonstrated to have important implications regarding our psychological functioning (Waters, 2014). Research suggests parents scaffold early remembering skills which can shape the amount of specific detail children can recall from their autobiographical memories (Autobiographical Memory Specificity; AMS) (Reese & Fivush, 1993; Reese, Haden, & Fivush, 1993; Valentino et al., 2014). The current study investigated whether parents and their adolescent children display similar patterns of AMS. In addition, previous literature has predominately utilised only one measure of AMS – the Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986). A critique of this measure and an argument for adopting a new measure of AMS is provided. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between parent and adolescent rumination which has been shown to share an important relationship with AMS (Williams et al., 2007) and, like AMS, is suggested to be socialised early in the life span (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyuboirsky, 2008). Sixty-seven parent-adolescent dyads were recruited, and measures of AMS and rumination were administered. A significant positive relationship between parent and adolescent rumination was found, however, the relationships between parent and adolescent AMS were non-significant. Implications regarding existing theory, limitations, and ideas for future research are discussed.</p>

Implementasi Kode Etik Jurnalistik pada Rubrik Berkonten Islami

In this digital era, all information and communication technology emhanched faster all the time. This issue gives a big chance on communication practice become more effective than before. Hence, to full the tight competition on digital era such as online media, the researcher wanted to investigate about applying ethic of journalist code in the online media and in journalist understanding to the ethic journalist code. The researcher used qualitative descriptive method which oriented on the field research and literature. On the other side, the qualitative research also directs into the finding of basic theory which is emphasized the process over the result. It also limits the research with the focus which has criteria on finding the trustwothiness dta. Based on the result on the research about applying ethic of journalist code in the Islamic rubrik OASE at Depok POS.com, online media in Depok POS always apply the ethic of journalist code with colaborate on that ethic such as the way which always used in the field by journalist and the ethic of journalist understanding are the specific detail and detail things which manage about how should the media worker such as journalist, editor, chief of reporter, news achor and every profession which can called a journalist can behave on ethic of journalist code. Further, ethic of journalist code is the basic of journalist thought.

Highly similar and competing visual scenes lead to diminished object but not spatial detail in memory drawings

Drawings of scenes made from memory can be highly detailed and spatially accurate, with little information not found in the observed stimuli. While prior work has focused on studying memory for distinct scenes, less is known about the specific detail recalled when episodes are highly similar and competing. Here, participants (N=30) were asked to study and recall eight complex scene images using a drawing task. Importantly, four of these images were exemplars of different scene categories, while the other four images were from the same scene category. The resulting 213 drawings were judged by 1,764 online scorers for a comprehensive set of measures, including scene and object diagnosticity, spatial information, and fixation and pen movement behavior. We observed that competition in memory resulted in diminished object detail, with drawings and objects that were less diagnostic of their original image. However, repeated exemplars of a category did not result in differences in spatial memory accuracy, and there were no differences in fixations during study or pen movements during recall. These results reveal that while drawings for distinct categories of scenes can be highly detailed and accurate, drawings for scenes from repeated categories, creating competition in memory, show reduced object detail.

Controller design for underwater robotic vehicle based on improved whale optimization algorithm

This paper presents the impact of introducing a two-controller on the linearized autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for vertical motion control. These controllers are presented to overcome the sensor noise of the AUV control model that effect on the tolerance and stability of the depth motion control. Linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is cascaded with AUV model to adapt the tolerance and the stability of the system and compared with FOPID established by the improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) to identify which controlling method can make the system more harmonize and tolerable. The developed algorithm is based on improving the original WOA by reshaping a specific detail on WOA to earn a warranty that the new IWOA will have values for the update position lower than the identified lower-bound (LB), and upper-bound (UB). Furthermore, the algorithm is examined by a set of test functions that include (unimodal, multimodal and fixed dimension multimodal functions). The privileges of applying IWOA are reducing the executing time and obtaining the semi-optimal objective function as compared with the original WOA algorithm and other popular swarm-intelligence optimization algorithms.

The Impact of the Prince Edward Island School Library Policy on the Development of School Library Programs Across Prince Edward Island

In Canada's smallest province, Prince Edward Island (PEI), the PEI School Library Policy and its supporting documents have guided the development of school library programs since 1989. With a great number of educational changes as a back-drop, this study explored the impact that policy has had on school library programs in PEI. The researchers designed a comprehensive Survey of School Library Resource Centres that probed five key areas: facilities, resources, personnel, programs and services in the 66 schools across PEI. Following the completion of the Survey, 48 principals and teacher-librarians were interviewed for an hour each. 64 of the 66 schools took part and the Survey data and the interview data were analyzed using exploratory data analysis that resulted in dozens of visual and numerical summaries. Data was reported under each of the five major areas probed and 25 Actions were recommended. The study yielded specific detail on the status of school library facilities and resources, and provided a comprehensive look at staffing procedures and problems. The educational concepts of resource-based learning, cooperative planning and information skills that are embedded in the Policy have been well-accepted across the system. New documentation is needed to update learning outcomes and to provide direction for integrating new technologies and the concept of information literacy. Future directions for professional development for teacher-librarians, principals and classroom teachers were outlined and specific needs were identified in the areas of staffing, rebuilding school library collections and connecting technology initiatives and resource-based learning.

Temporal Regularity May Not Improve Memory for Item-Specific Detail

Regularities in event timing allow for the allocation of attention to critical time-points when an event is most likely to occur, leading to improved visual perception. Results from recent studies indicate that similar benefits may extend to memory for scenes and objects. Here, we investigated whether benefits of temporal regularity are evident when detailed, item-specific representations are necessary for successful recognition memory performance. In Experiments 1 and 2, pictures of objects were presented with either predictable or randomized event timing, in separate encoding blocks. In the test phase, old and new objects were presented, intermixed with perceptually similar exemplars of encoded objects. In Experiment 3 we attempted to replicate previously reported memory enhancements for scenes. In contrast to predictions, temporal regularity did not affect response times (RT) or improve recognition memory accuracy in any of our experiments. These results suggest that any effects of temporal expectation on memory are subtle and may be sensitive to minor changes in task parameters. In sum, indirect upregulation of attention through imposed temporal structure may not be sufficient to have downstream effects on memory performance.

About One Detail of the Funeral Rite of Ancient Qabala

This article is devoted to the consideration and interpretation of a peculiar detail of the funeral rite observed at the cemeteries of ancient period in the historical region of Qabala - the capital of Caucasian Albania. Attention is focused on ceramic vessels with intentionally made holes, which were revealed in the burials among the grave goods. The vessels with holes were found in the ground burials of Uzuntala and Gushlar cemeteries of the 1st century BCE – 1st century CE, along with skeletons in a contracted position on their sides; as well as in the catacomb burial of Salbir, dating to the I-III centuries CE. In burials nos. 3–7 of Uzuntala, vessels of this type had holes in the center of their bases, and were placed upside down in the grave. In the catacomb burial of Salbir, 1st – 3rd centuries CE, two vases of the same type had large holes on the side of the body. The specific detail of the funeral rite, which is of a particular nature, has been episodically traced in the territory of Azerbaijan since the Bronze Age and continued to exist until the Late Antique period. It allows us to talk of the existence of a ritual that was carried out during the funeral ceremony and reflected some religious ideas associated with the funeral ideology. The authors of the paper suppose that these vessels should, according to prevailing beliefs, symbolize the “exodus of the soul” of the deceased and have no connection with the custom of damage to the inventory.

Information Sources and Training Needs on Medical Marijuana- Preliminary Results from a State-wide Provider Survey

Medical marijuana (MMJ) is legal in the state of Florida for the treatment of specific qualifying medical conditions.1,2 As of July 2020, over 2,450 physicians are authorized to order MMJ, and 360,000 patients are registered in Florida’s MMJ program.3 With this rapid uptake come concerns regarding physicians’ knowledge about MMJ,4–7 and the lack of preparing physicians-in-training to manage MMJ.4,7,8 We conducted a state-wide survey of certified MMJ providers in Florida. The survey was developed by the Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes research team. The aim of the survey was to inform physicians of the mission of the consortium, which is to support and disseminate research. The survey items were developed accordingly, and the survey was pilot tested with a small group of physicians. We identified all physicians licensed to certify patients for MMJ who care currently practicing in the State of Florida (n=1609), to investigate their information sources and training needs regarding MMJ. The survey was disseminated via mail and email, including a $40 incentive for survey completion. Preliminary responses from 51 (5%) providers (mean age 56, 74% male) are summarized here. The sample included providers from 22 Florida counties and represented a broad range of medical specialties. The majority (92%) practiced in both medical marijuana and traditional medical practice. To learn about MMJ, 98% used research articles, 90% used online sources, 86% learned from dispensary staff, 84% learned from discussions with other providers, 72% used books, 65% used conferences, 61% used magazines, and 35% had a personal experience with marijuana. The sources most cited as “very useful” were conferences (51%), research articles (50%), discussions with other providers (47%), and online sources (47%). Topics rated as a high priority for training included drug-MMJ interactions (80%), strategies to help patients reduce their use of opioids or other drugs (80%), information about the selection of doses and CBD: THC ratios (80%), evidence for managing specific medical conditions or symptoms (78%), information about the effect of different phytocannabinoids and terpenes (75%), advantages and disadvantages of specific modes of delivery (71%), general updates on research findings (71%), educational information about the endocannabinoid system (67%), the safety of medical marijuana use (55%), identification and management of cannabis use disorder (51%), and comparison of products available in different dispensaries (49%). The majority of providers either strongly agreed or agreed (77%) that they could provide better care if they knew which products their patients receive at dispensaries. Physicians use a blend of primary research, online sources, and exchanges with colleagues to learn about MMJ. Perceived needs for more pharmacological information and indication-specific detail for treatment regimen were high. Most physicians believe that details on dispensed MMJ would improve patient care.