scholarly journals Bio-concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) along eastern coast of the Red Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Amin Bashir ◽  
Amr El-Maradny ◽  
Mohsen El-Sherbiny ◽  
Rasiq K. T., Mohammed Orif
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Grey Mangrove

AbstractThere are numerous sources of chemical pollutants which can impact the mangrove ecosystem through adjacent waters, industrial and sewage discharges and air depositions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are semi volatile ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutants detected in all environmental compartments. In the monitoring framework for the mangrove ecosystem along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia, nine mangrove stands were examined for the accumulation of PAHs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean values detected for total PAHs in sediments, roots and leaf were 2.98, 8.57 and 23.43 ng/g respectively. The trend of the total PAHs concentration in all sites showed the descending order: leaf > roots > sediments. Beside the sandy nature of the sediments, the presences of all stands in remote areas fare from the direct anthropogenic effects lead to these relative low values. PAH bio-concentration factors for leaf are two to three magnitudes higher than that in roots, suggesting atmosphere deposition /leaf uptake mechanism in addition to the sediment/root mechanism. The diagnostic ratios revealed that the sources of PAHs are mainly pyrogenic.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Corminboeuf ◽  
Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano ◽  
Richard St-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

<p>The concentrations of 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 16 parent and 7 alkylated PAHs) in 113 surface marine sediment samples, 13 on-land sediment samples and 8 subsampled push cores retrieved from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) were calculated. PAHs were extracted via accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sums of the concentrations 16 PAHs in the surface sediments ranged from 7.8 to 247.7 ng g<sup>-1</sup> (dry weight [dw]) basis). The PAH inputs to the sediments have remained constant during the last century and agree with the results obtained for the surface sediments. Diagnostic ratios indicated that the PAHs in the CAA mainly originate from natural petrogenic sources, with some pyrogenic sources. Temporal trends did not indicate major source shifts and largely indicated petrogenic inputs. Overall, the sediments retrieved from the CAA have low PAH concentrations that are mainly natural.</p>

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafunmilayo O. Olayinka ◽  
Adetomi Adeola Adewusi ◽  
Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi ◽  
Adeyinka Adedeji Aladesida
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic contaminants and pose health risks to humans and the ecosystem due to their persistence in the environment. Objectives. This study determined the concentrations of PAHs in sediment, two species of fish (Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini), crabs (Callinectes amnicola) and shrimps (Penaeus notialis) around the Atlas Cove jetty, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from fish, shrimp, and crabs that were purchased from local fishermen. Sediments were collected at five locations impacted by ship movement and cargo offloading around the Atlas Cove jetty during the period of June to August 2016, using standard methods. Potential toxicity of PAHs in the sediments on the surrounding aquatic organisms was assessed. The PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Human health risk assessment was calculated from biota using dietary daily intake and carcinogenic potencies of individual PAH concentrations. Results. A total of 17 PAH congeners were detected in sediment samples and ten were detected in biota samples. Concentrations of total PAHs obtained in sediment and fish samples ranged from 2.15 - 36.46 mg/kg and 11.89 - 71.06 mg/kg, respectively. The total PAHs concentration pattern follow the order of P. notialis &gt; C. amnicola &gt; P. jubelini (whole) &gt; D. africana (whole) &gt; D. africana (fillet) &gt; P. jubelini (fillet) &gt; sediment. Concentrations of total PAHs were higher in whole fish than in fillet samples (muscle) in both fish species. High values of PAHs were recorded in the dietary intake (0.10 - 2.33 mg/kg body weight/day) of the organisms. Toxic equivalent quotient values (0.01 to 0.10 mg/kg) were observed to be higher than the screening values (0.0014 to 0.0599 mg/kg). In the muscle of Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini, splitting and atrophy of the muscle bundles were observed. Conclusions. The concentrations of PAHs in analyzed sediment and organisms were higher than the maximum permissible limit of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Most of the detected PAHs were of petrogenic origin, which is an indication that anthropogenic activities were influencing PAH concentrations. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Corminboeuf ◽  
Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano ◽  
Richard St-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

<p>The concentrations of 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 16 parent and 7 alkylated PAHs) in 113 surface marine sediment samples, 13 on-land sediment samples and 8 subsampled push cores retrieved from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) were calculated. PAHs were extracted via accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sums of the concentrations 16 PAHs in the surface sediments ranged from 7.8 to 247.7 ng g<sup>-1</sup> (dry weight [dw]) basis). The PAH inputs to the sediments have remained constant during the last century and agree with the results obtained for the surface sediments. Diagnostic ratios indicated that the PAHs in the CAA mainly originate from natural petrogenic sources, with some pyrogenic sources. Temporal trends did not indicate major source shifts and largely indicated petrogenic inputs. Overall, the sediments retrieved from the CAA have low PAH concentrations that are mainly natural.</p>

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine and coarse particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Time

<p>About 140 samplings of fine and coarse particles were gathered during the year 2006 in Kozani that represent an urban area surrounded by opencast coal mining. A low volume dichotomus sampler has been used to trap suspended particles. The filters used were teflon, which are ideal for analysis in the determination of PAHs. The determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been carried out by the use of the analytic technique of large volume injection and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (LVI - GC/MS). The extraction of substances has been made in a two stage procedure, firstly with agitation in a magnetic shaker and secondly by the use of ultrasonic bath. This technique has given high recoveries of PAHs, in short time intervals. The mean daily concentrations of fine particles varied from 4 to 48 μg m-3 and annual mean was 16 μg m-3. The mean daily concentrations of coarse particles respectively varied from 2 to 67 μg m-3 with 23 μg m-3 annual mean concentration. The ΣPAH concentrations for fine samples were 4.80 ± 7.06 ng m-3 and for coarse samples were 1.36 ± 1.59 ng m-3. The mean B[a]Py concentration for fine particles was 0.38 ng m-3. Finally, diagnostic ratios were used to characterize and identify PAHs emission source in this study.</p>

Bio-accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) along Arabian Gulf, Saudi Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Orif ◽  
Amr El-Maradny
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Grey Mangrove

AbstractThe Arabian Gulf is considered as one of the most important sources for the crude oil all over the world. Due to the vast oil exploration and exploitation, huge amounts of organic pollutants infiltrate to the gulf. An important class of organic pollutants is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). One of the marine habitats in Arabian Gulf area is the mangrove stands, that are undoubtedly impacted by all anthropogenic factors like oil industries and sewage discharge. In the monitoring framework for mangrove ecosystem along Saudi coasts, nine mangrove stands were examined for the accumulation of PAHs in the Arabian Gulf coast. PAHs were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The mean values detected for total PAHs in mangrove sediments, roots and leaf were 105.39, 680.0 and 282.4 ng/g, respectively. The trend of total PAHs concentrations in all sites showed the descending order: roots > leaf > sediments. Despite the sandy nature and low organic carbon contents of the mangrove sediments, moderate values of PAHs were detected in the major sites. PAH bio-accumulation factors for roots are higher than that in leaf. The diagnostic ratios revealed that the sources of PAHs are mainly pyrogenic, except for Damam and Damam Port that were found to be petrogenic.

scholarly journals Concentrations of PAHs (Polycyclicaromatic Hydrocarbons) Pollutant in Sediment of The Banten Bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khozanah Munawir ◽  
Deny Yogaswara
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ppm Level ◽  
Petrochemical Industries

Banten Bay is end of stream for a few rivers from Banten mainland where many manufactures and petrochemical industries are built. This may give environmental pressure of water quality of the bay due to pollutant input, such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study is to identify those pollutants and determine their total concentration and distribution in sediments. Surface sediment samples were collected in four zones: inner coastline within the bay, middle bay, coastline off the bay and outer of the Bay in April 2016. PAH components were extracted and measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Levels of total PAHs in sediments in inner coastline within the bay ranged between 0.381-2.654 ppm with an average of 1.288 ppm, middle of the bay ranged between 0.747-1.762 ppm with an average of 1.198 ppm, outer of the bay ranged between 0.192-1.394 ppm with an average of 0.921 ppm, and east coast of the bay ranged between 0.191-1.394 ppm and an average of 0.778 ppm. The levels of total PAH contamination is apparently lower than those of PAH threshold in sediments (i.e. 4.5 ppm).Keywords: PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), Banten Bay Teluk Banten merupakan muara dari beberapa sungai di daratan utama Banten yang sebagian besar berupa kawasan industri dan kegiatan lain sekitar laut. Kondisi ini berpotensi memberikan tekanan terhadap kualitas perairan Teluk Banten karena masukan bahan pencemar diantaranya senyawa Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi PAH dan menentukan konsentrasi total dan distribusinya di sedimen. Pengambilan sampel sedimen permukaan pada April 2016 diempat zona: zona pantai bagian dalam teluk, bagian tengah teluk, pantai bagian luar teluk, dan bagian luar teluk. Konsentrasi PAH diukur menggunakan alat kromatografi gas spektrometer massa (GCMS). Konsentrasi total PAH dalam sedimen pantai bagian dalam berkisar antara 0,381-2,654 ppm dengan rata-rata sebesar 1,288 ppm. Bagian tengah teluk berkisar antara 0,747-1,762 ppm dengan rata-rata sebesar 1,198 ppm, bagian luar teluk antara 0,192-1,394 ppm dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,921 ppm dan pantai bagian timur teluk antara 0,191-1,394 ppm dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,778 ppm. Level pencemaran total PAH di perairan Teluk Banten dalam sedimen mengindikasikan masih lebih rendah dari standar bakumutu PAH dalam sedimen yaitu 4,5 ppm.Kata kunci: PAH (Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon), Teluk Banten

Characterization of PM2.5- and PM10-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Rural Areas in Beijing during the Winter

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1479-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ling Dong ◽  
Da Meng Liu ◽  
Shao Peng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were here investigated in airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) samples collected in urban (including residential, commercial, industrial, and traffic zones) and rural areas in and around Beijing from December 2005 to January 2006. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto fine- (PM2.5) and coarse- (PM10) grained samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean total PAH concentrations were 30.1 and 80.1 ng/m3 in PM2.5, and 44.1 and 99.8 ng/m3 in PM10 in urban and rural areas, respectively. PAHs were mostly adsorbed on small inhalable particles (>50%) with four to six rings, which dominated both fractions. Strong correlations between PM-associated extractable organic matter (EOM) and particulate PAHs were found, especially in PM2.5, indicating that PM-PAHs concentrations were strongly influenced by PM-associated EOM. Of the different functional areas studied, the total PAH concentrations in both fractions were highest in industrial and rural areas and lowest in traffic zones. This may have been the result of the different emission sources and more efficient energy structures that occur during the winter. Distribution profiles and diagnostic ratios revealed that coal combustion was the major source of PM2.5- and PM10- associated PAHs. Additional sources of PAHs may include vehicle emissions, natural gas combustion and wood burning. BaP-based toxic equivalence factor (BaPeq), BaP-equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE) and a sum of five carcinogenic PAHs showed that the industrial and rural areas were the most vulnerable to PAHs.

scholarly journals Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water and Sediments of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Edward ◽  
Deny Yogaswara ◽  
Khozanah ◽  
Ita Wulandari ◽  
Dede Falahudin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Fifteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the sediments and brackish water of Citarum Irrigation System (CIS), Pakis Jaya, Karawang Regency. The samples were analyzed with liquid-liquid extraction for brackish water and Soxhlet Extraction for sediments. The final concentration of PAHs was determined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the origins of PAHs were identified through diagnostic ratios method. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 1782 to 2386.88 ng/L in water and from 113 to 405 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments. The concentration of total PAHs in sediment was lower than the SQG effects range-low (3442 ng/g). High molecular weight of PAHs dominated both in sediments and water. The origins of PAHs in the sediment and water-based on diagnostic ratios were from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources including petroleum, petroleum combustion, and combustion of organic materials. Overall, environmental conditions in the Citarum irrigation system and its river mouth was moderate level of PAHs contamination.

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