The role of sex and gender in search behavior for political information on the internet

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Heike Kessler ◽  
Klara Langmann
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Online Search Behavior

AbstractPrevious studies have emphasized a person’s biological sex as a factor which influences online search behavior. This study aims to investigate how people (N = 44 students) search online for political information (N = 220 search tasks) and if gendered online search exists. We examined online search behavior via eye tracking while the participants searched for information about political party positions on the Internet. A content analysis of the eye tracking data followed and was evaluated with a special focus on the role of biological sex and social gender, and the relationship of both factors with other variables, such as self-reported prior political knowledge, political interest, and Internet skills (via an online survey). The results accord with previous studies in that the sex influences the online search process. However, this relationship was partially mediated by self-reported political interest and prior knowledge. This outcome calls for a more critical use of the sex variable in reference to political online search behavior, and the inclusion of sex and gender related variables.

Biological Sex, Gender, and Public Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari M. van Anders ◽  
Zach C. Schudson ◽  
Emma C. Abed ◽  
William J. Beischel ◽  
Emily R. Dibble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
And Gender

Policy debates have focused on who can participate in or access single-sex activities or services. This article describes how science of the biology of sex is relevant to three major policy areas: parenting (including leaves), sports, and public spaces. We focus on what scientists know about sex and gender (and gender/sex, where gender and sex are intertwined), and the role of various biological factors, including hormones such as testosterone and estradiol as well as genetics, gonads, genitals, and more. The policies under debate often use “biological sex,” but this fails to account for scientific understandings of sex and gender, misrepresents sex as single-faceted and binary, and overlooks scientific consensus about the importance of gender and identity.

scholarly journals Online Search Behavior Related to the COVID-19 Vaccine: An Infodemiology Study (Preprint)

10.2196/32127 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence An ◽  
Daniel Russell ◽  
Rada Mihalcea ◽  
Elizabeth Bacon ◽  
Scott Huffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Search Behavior ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Online Search Behavior

scholarly journals Breaking the Binary

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Mercer-Mapstone ◽  
Sarah Bajan ◽  
Kasia Banas ◽  
Arthur Morphett ◽  
Kristine McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Student Cohorts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Partnership Approach

The need to make higher education curricula gender-inclusive is increasingly pressing as student cohorts diversify. We adopted a student-staff partnership approach to design, integrate, and evaluate a module that taught first-year science students the difference between biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation in the context of genetics concepts at an Australian university. This module aimed to break the binary in misconceptions of both sex and gender, emphasising that both exist on separate spectra. Data triangulation was used to evaluate students’ attitudes towards the module and their learning of module concepts. Students’ attitudes were positive overall, and evaluation of students’ learning indicated that the majority of students understood and retained key concepts, while also identifying common misconceptions. Perhaps the most important finding was that students who identified as belonging to a minority group had significantly more positive attitudes towards the module than non-minority students. This finding supports previous research that has found inclusive curricula have greater benefit for students from minority backgrounds, indicating the importance of making such curriculum enhancements. Our results speak to both the co-creation process and students’ learning outcomes, providing valuable insights for practitioners both within science and beyond.

Ageing and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bonding Capital

This chapter begins by considering the distinction between sex and gender. The latter constitutes the source of the social division between men and women considered as social beings. It serves as both a reflection of division and inequality and a source of difference and identity. The chapter then explores the framing of this division in terms of patriarchy and the inequalities that are organised by and structured within the relations of work and of social reproduction. It focuses next upon the consequences of such a division, first in terms of both financial assets and resources and then in terms of social relational capital, drawing upon Putnam’s distinction between bridging and bonding capital. It then considers other sources of difference that become more salient in later life, in terms of health illness and longevity. The chapter ends with the role of gender in representing later life, and the role of later life in representing gender. It concludes by distinguishing between gender as a structure shaping third age culture, and gender as a constituent in the social imaginary of the fourth age.

scholarly journals Sex and Gender Disparities in Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bellenghi ◽  
Rossella Puglisi ◽  
Giada Pontecorvi ◽  
Alessandra De Feo ◽  
Alessandra Carè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
System A ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anatomic Localization

Worldwide, the total incidence of cutaneous melanoma is higher in men than in women, with some differences related to ethnicity and age and, above all, sex and gender. Differences exist in respect to the anatomic localization of melanoma, in that it is more frequent on the trunk in men and on the lower limbs in women. A debated issue is if—and to what extent—melanoma development can be attributed to gender-specific behaviors or to biologically intrinsic differences. In the search for factors responsible for the divergences, a pivotal role of sex hormones has been observed, although conflicting results indicate the involvement of other mechanisms. The presence on the X chromosome of numerous miRNAs and coding genes playing immunological roles represents another important factor, whose relevance can be even increased by the incomplete X chromosome random inactivation. Considering the known advantages of the female immune system, a different cancer immune surveillance efficacy was suggested to explain some sex disparities. Indeed, the complexity of this picture emerged when the recently developed immunotherapies unexpectedly showed better improvements in men than in women. Altogether, these data support the necessity of further studies, which consider enrolling a balanced number of men and women in clinical trials to better understand the differences and obtain actual gender-equitable healthcare.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document