scholarly journals Trans - Pacific Economic Integration Processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Dejana Gajinov
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

AbstractAsia-Pacific (AP) region is the world’s most important region today from the viewpoint of long-term economic growth. It is also the extremely important cite of rivalries or partnerships - or both - between China and the United States. The strong expansion of trade, investment and other economic ties within the AP region has stimulated the process of economic integration. The network of bilateral and regional free trade agreements has increased dramatically in recent years, linking virtually all major trading countries in the region, with one exception: either the US or China have not become members of the free trade arrangements involving the other country. The paper examines the scope, principles and characteristics of economic relations and cooperation in the AP region. The issue of whether Asian efforts for regional integration have been compatible with an open multilateral trading system at the global level is also addressed. The paper also assesses changes in the dynamics of regional integration and its future prospects. In this sense, in the Asia Pacific there are now two tracks which lead to the formation of a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP): Asian, based on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and trans-pacific, based on Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).

Comparing the Economic Impact of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyo Cheong ◽  
Jose Tongzon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

Several initiatives have emerged for regional economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region. The United States has led the negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, and ASEAN countries have recently started to promote the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. This paper estimates the net economic impact of these initiatives by eliminating the overlapping portions of free trade agreement–related economic gains through the use of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. The paper analyzes the economic and political feasibility of these two initiatives and assesses their economic impacts. Finally, the paper provides implications for economic integration in East Asia based on a quantitative assessment.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF US POLICY ON ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE THIRD DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
K. O. Chudinova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
The Impact

The Trump administration’s economic policy has led to increased uncertainty, disruption to global value chains, decline in trade in the Asia-Pacific region. Amid the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, revising NAFTA, imposing tariffs, decoupling from the Chinese economy, Japan, China and other economies in the Asia Pacific are trying to develop new mechanisms to increase stability in the region and protect their production networks. One way to improve the situation is to conclude intra-regional and inter-regional free trade agreements, the number of which is increasing. At present, there are two competing mega-FTA projects of China and Japan – the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. The United States is with moderate success developing its own format of a free and open Indo-Pacific, which is partly a counterbalance to the RCEP. The US also concludes bilateral agreements, such as first phases of trade deals with Japan and China. However, winning the negotiating table, the United States can seriously lose in competitiveness, as regional integration develops further and often without the participation of America.

The Emerging Regional Economic Integration Architecture in East Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siow Yue Chia
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Integration Architecture ◽  
Economic Integration Agreements ◽  
Economic Partnership

This paper examines regional market integration through production networks and free trade agreements in East Asia and their attendant challenges and issues. It examines progress in the ASEAN Economic Community and in various ASEAN+1 free trade and economic integration agreements. It argues that there is a strong case for a region-wide agreement to maximize economic synergy and resolve emerging problems, including market fragmentation and the “noodle bowl” effect. It explores three possible paths to region-wide integration, namely, the East Asia Free Trade Area (encompassing ASEAN+3 [the People's Republic of China, Japan, and Korea]), the Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (encompassing ASEAN+3 countries and Australia—New Zealand and India) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, currently involving nine negotiating countries in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The paper explores the economic and political benefits and challenges of forming these three regionwide agreements.

China’s Trade Faces Mounting Difficulties in 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Sarah Y TONG
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
External Demand ◽  
Trade Frictions ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ◽  
Trade Remedies

Dismal trade performance contributed to China’s recent growth deceleration. In 2017, China’s trade will likely be impacted by persistent weak external demand, rising trade remedies by importing countries and intense competition from other developing countries. Trade frictions between China and the United States may intensify. To sustain trade development, the Chinese government has modified its policy orientations and is accelerating regional trade talks such as the Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

Integration Potential of Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
E. Arapova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Asian Regionalism

During the 2014 APEC summit the participating countries agreed to move towards a region-wide economic integration and approved China-backed roadmap to promote the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). The paper examines prospects for economic integration in the Asia-Pacific in the framework of 21 APEC participating members. It aims to measure the “integration potential” of the FTAAP on the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the actual statistic data, to explore key obstacles hampering economic integration in the region. The research comes from the theory of convergence and concept of proximity. They suppose that the higher is the degree of homogeneity in economic development and regulatory regimes of the integrating countries the higher is their “integration potential”. The objective of the author’s analysis is to measure the “integration potential” of APEC countries in four directions: trade liberalization, free movement of investments, monetary and banking integration, free division of labor. Initial estimates of the FTAAP prospects base on the merchandize trade complementarity indices and coefficients of variation analysis. Besides, the research uses hierarchical cluster analysis that helps to classify countries in different groups according to similarity of their economic typologies. This methodology allows to reveal the favorable algorithm of regional economic integration in the framework of the “hybrid approach” (or “open regionalism” adopted for APEC countries in 1989) which encourages the countries to enter into free trade agreements on a bilateral basis or to make offers to the APEC membership as a whole. Final conclusions are based on the results of authors’ calculations with consideration for contemporary trends of the member countries’ economic development and long-term strategies of economic growth. Acknowledgements. The research was supported by the Russian Fund for Humanities, project no. 15-07-00026 “East Asian regionalism in the context of diversifi cation of economic growth model”.

scholarly journals Trade-economic cooperation of Ukraine and China within COVID-19 Pandemic and in post-pandemic time

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Olha Yatsenko ◽  
Tetiana Tsygankova ◽  
Iryna Horbachova ◽  
Oksana Aksyonova ◽  
Valeriia Osadchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Mutual Relations

Modern trends of trade-economic relations of the countries within the COVID-19 pandemic have been systemized in the development of mutual relations in particular economy sectors have been identified. Direct connection between the increase of export volume to China and Ukraine GDP growth has been established in the study based on the correlation-regression analysis. Weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities and threats of mutual relations within the pandemic have been defined. The influence of the world crisis, creating a free trade area, and other factors on foreign trade circulation between Ukraine and China have been studied with the tools of empirical gravity model of international trade. Foreign trade circulation up until 2022 with and without creating a Free Trade Area has been forecast based on the modelled data. Perspective directions of trade-economic relations have been defined; the strategy of extending the trade-economic integration of Ukraine and China within the COVID-19 pandemic and in post-pandemic time within customs tariffs liberalization, intensification of symmetric interdependence and complementarity between the countries, within creating a free trade area, diversifying trade turnovers, overcoming the pandemic, reduction of crisis consequences, and strengthening cooperation in new industries of post-pandemic time has been grounded.

scholarly journals A Solution for Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Collins
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The Eu

Regionalism—the efforts of a group of nations to enhance their economic, political, social, and cultural interaction—can assume various forms, including regional integration/cooperation, market integration, development integration, with the intent of accommodating the changing national, international, and regional environment. Despite the fact that to this day, attempts at integration (in particular, market integration based on the EU model) and regionalist impulses as they currently occur have been entirely unproductive throughout the African continent, regionalism continues to be regarded by African leaders as a reasonable strategy for increasing intra-regional trade and for reversing Africa’s rising marginalization in the world economy. They continue to be assured by the success of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the viability of the European Union’s (EU) model for integration, which begins with a free trade area or preferential trade area and ends with complete economic integration. The EU model features a specific mode of decision making (qualified majority voting), conflict resolution mechanism (role of the European Court of Justice), budgetary arrangements (revenue collection and distribution), and citizen involvement (direct elections to the European Parliament) and takes on increasingly state-like functions. While extremely successful in integrating its constituent member state in Europe, as a model it is limited, given the unique circumstances under which it was established and promoted. As noted by Emil Kirchner: Consideration of the EU as a model for other regional integration settings might be limited, given the unique circumstances in which it was established and promoted. Born out of conflict, the EU benefited from special circumstances in its development, e.g. the Cold War, the United States guarantee and nurturing role, and the industrialised nature of the European economies, which are not found elsewhere.

scholarly journals Markets Matter: The Potential of Intra-Regional Trade in ASEAN and Its Implications for Asian Regionalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurong Chen ◽  
Philippe De Lombaerde ◽  
Ludo Cuyvers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Regionalism ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

This paper attempts to shed new light on further deepening the economic integration process in Southeast Asia using a quantitative assessment of the potential for further developing intra-regional trade. It is evident that ASEAN's export space is expanding faster than the world average and that there is still room for ASEAN countries to further develop the role of their intra-regional trade. To improve its export potential, ASEAN should liberalize trade not only intra-regionally but also globally. It could be in ASEAN's interest to accelerate the pace of regional integration under frameworks that involve the participation of non-ASEAN countries, especially an ASEAN Framework for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

scholarly journals The African Growth and Opportunity Act and the African Continental Free Trade Area

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Davis
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Trading Arrangement

This essay assesses and evaluates the extent to which the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) increased imports from AGOA eligible countries to the United States from 2001 to 2015. The essay then examines how African countries can make the most of the preferences granted under AGOA, arguing that AGOA national utilization strategies have proven successful. In the final part, the essay explores options for future U.S.-Africa trade relations after the AGOA expires in 2025, proposing approaches that would best support African development. In this regard, this essay argues that, since Congress is unlikely to renew AGOA in its current form and since AGOA will likely be replaced with an arrangement requiring some degree of reciprocity, it will be very important for (1) the African Union's Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) to be implemented before any new U.S.-Africa trading arrangement comes into force and (2) for negotiations for any future U.S.-Africa trading arrangement not to mimic the negotiations conducted for the Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union.

Free Trade Area or Common Capital Market? Notes on Mexico-US Economic Integration and Current NAFTA Negotiations

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Ros
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Liberalization ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
Trade And Investment

This Article addresses some of the key issues involved in understanding current trade negotiations between Mexico and the United States, as well as their significance for the process of economic integration in North America. These issues derive from the new setting produced by (a) Mexico's trade and investment liberalization in the 1980s, (b) the incentives which underlie the drive towards integration, as well as (c) those factors which will condition the final content of the current negotiating process.A free trade agreement (FTA) with the United States could be seen as the logical conclusion of the process of trade and investment liberalization carried out by the Mexican government ever since the mid-1980s. At the same time, it also represents a shift in Mexico's initial trade strategy, from multilateralism to bilateralism, or from globalization to regionalization, as a consequence of the global trend, toward the end of the 20th century, to create large regional economic blocs.

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