scholarly journals Where Have All the Youngsters Gone? The Background and Consequences of Young Adults’ Outmigration from Hungarian Small Towns

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Makkai ◽  
Éva Máté ◽  
Gábor Pirisi ◽  
András Trócsányi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
And Migration ◽  
International Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to the general demographic situation in Hungary and the recent overall crisis of this traditional settlement-type, Hungarian small towns have been facing an intensive shrinking since the last decade. Although natural decrease and migration loss are almost equal factors of population decline, outmigration seems to be a more strategic, critical problem for these settlements. There are hardly any reliable data available about the migrants leaving small towns, but some of them seem to support the wellknown assumption that the young people, who leave these towns are looking for wider horizons and better perspectives. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the outmigration of young adults from small towns, and give estimation about the international aspects of migration, which is hardly ever published in official statistics. The paper also aims at revealing the impact of the intensive migration on the local labour market. A short statistical analysis based on census data and two empirical surveys conducted by the authors are also included. One was carried out with the support of volunteer contributors, former small-town students, who tried to reconstruct the post-secondary school migration of their former classmates. The other survey contains a series of interviews focusing on the consequences of the young adults’ migration on the labour market. The results facilitate the estimation regarding the (weak) capability of small towns to keep their young population, and highlight the problems of local developmental options within the context of demographic shrinkage.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE SITUATION AND IMAGE OF UNIFORMED SERVICES AS EMPLOYERS ON THE POLISH LABOUR MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
DOROTA KUREK
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work And Employment

The progressing globalization process is usually considered in economic, economic, socio-cultural, technical, political, demographic, anthropological and migration aspects. However, only an interdisciplinary approach to globalization allows for its full understanding and showing the real impact on i.a. the situation on the labour market. The indicated dimensions correspond directly to the labour market and the changes that take place on it. Globalization has a huge impact on work and employment, including labour market requirements, as well as changes in the perception of work, the value of work and young people›s approach to it. Factors intensifying globalization processes exert different impact on the image of an organisation as an employer, making some organisations more or less desired employers. The uniformed services are an important employer in Poland, due to the number of employees reaching over 330,000 people. The aim of this article is to show the influence of particular dimensions of globalization on the situation of uniformed services in Poland as employers, as well as on the image of these services. The author of the article analysed only selected uniformed services. This article was prepared, among others, on the basis of o the results of empirical tests carried out in 2019 using the diagnostic survey method.

scholarly journals The impact of Special Economic Zones on local labour markets in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Ambroziak ◽  
Wojciech Dziemianowicz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStudies conducted so far suggest that SEZs are not treated by local authorities as the main mechanism of job creation in a given region. The objective of this paper is to highlight potential mechanisms through which SEZs impact labour markets in poviats (counties) in Poland. To this end we conducted a comparative analysis of changes that had taken place in the labour market over the period 2004–2016 in two groups of poviats with the highest unemployment rate reported in 2004: with and without SEZs. The study does not allow us to unambiguously conclude that SEZs contributed to the improvement of labour market situation in poviats with the highest unemployment rate in Poland. That can be attributed to the fact that SEZs in Poland are highly fragmented as well as to SEZs investors being able to select locations for their investment projects in relatively better developed regions.

scholarly journals Youth Transition: The Influence of the Local Labour Market on Expectations

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S Morrison ◽  
Elizabeth Loeber
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Further Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Student Aspirations ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Economics Literature ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Youth Transition ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Senior Secondary

High levels of unemployment among youth have lead to a heightened focus on the transition from school to post-school activity. Despite a vast literature on youth transition only a few researchers have considered the role of the local labour market. This paper begins by reviewing the relevant education and economics literature. In this New Zealand study we explore the expectations of teenagers near the end of their schooling in two very different locations: Kawerau, a small 'company town’ in the Bay of Plenty experiencing high levels of inactivity, benefit dependency and migration, and Porirua City within Wellington, a high income metropolitan centre, with a robust, diversified local labour market. After controlling for sex, age, ethnicity and academic achievement we compare the expectations which senior secondary school students hold in the two locations in terms of their future education, employment and income. In each case statistically significant differences in student aspirations are identified between the two locations. Contrary to expectations from the education literature on rural youth it is not those students in the small mill town of Kawerau who exhibit the lower expectations - paradoxically their aspirations are noticeably more positive than their metropolitan counterparts. 'Reality checks’ against friends and siblings help detect inflated expectations but do not moderate the different results. The paradox is largely resolved by the economics literature which draws on the theory' of returns to investment in further education to show how local unemployment levels raise the probability youth will choose further schooling over searching for employment. It is this additional schooling which is associated with higher expectations.

Modelling Population Changes in Small English Urban Areas

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Congdon ◽  
J Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Retirement Migration ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
The Impact

Research on urbanisation has been hampered by discrepancies between the administrative boundaries of towns and a meaningful spatial framework of urbanism that recognises both the true extent of the built-up areas of towns and the functional linkages between urban centres and their surrounding hinterland. An ‘urban area’ definition has been recently developed for British census statistics to represent the physical reality of urban boundaries in terms of land that is urban in use, whereas the functional approach to urban definition has been implemented in terms of a set of urban-centred labour-market areas. In this paper the spatial frameworks of physical and functional definitions are combined in order to investigate processes of population growth in small- and medium-sized towns in England between 1971 and 1981. As in other studies, a general tendency to counterurbanisation— higher growth rates for smaller urban areas (physically defined)—is demonstrated. However, a variety of types of ‘counterurbanisation’ also become apparent. In addition to growth of smaller towns in rural areas beyond metropolitan influence, there has been growth of towns in the labour-market areas of newer freestanding urban centres, and also in the decentralised commuter hinterlands of large metropolitan cores. In this paper a number of causal processes which may underlie different types of growth are investigated, setting this investigation within the standard and labour-market regional context of physical urban areas. There is evidence of ‘people-led’ growth in environmentally attractive locations (for example, through retirement migration). However, growth of small- and medium-sized towns also reflects employment decentralisation and deconcentration to freestanding or satellite towns, and the extension of commuter hinterlands linked both to a growth of car commuting and to availability of land for private-sector housing. Government policies encouraging growth are also demonstrated to be significant. Conversely, decline in a minority of small towns often indicates a diminishing employment base or policy restrictions on growth. The impact on modelling growth in urban areas of a diversity of causal processes and locational contexts for growth is considered.

scholarly journals Liberal Arts vs. Applied Programming: The Evolution of University Programs in Manitoba

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Dan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
University Programs ◽  
The Impact

This investigation seeks to develop data to help understand the direction being taken in university programming in Manitoba over a 35-year period in terms of the perception of alleged growth of the labour market orientation of universities. The impact of the political party in power is examined, as are features of the post-secondary program approval process developed by the intermediary agencies responsible for university matters in Manitoba. Findings suggest that new liberal arts, applied, and mixed programs have increased at roughly the same proportions over the 35-year period in question. Evidence is found, however, of a more recent emphasis on applied programming, supporting claims that university programming is increasingly becoming labour market oriented.

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