The Impact of Medical Marijuana Laws and Dispensaries on Self-Reported Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Andreyeva ◽  
Benjamin Ukert
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Risky Health Behaviors ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that medical marijuana laws have harm reduction effects across a variety of outcomes related to risky health behaviors. This study investigates the impact of medical marijuana laws on self-reported health using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1993 to 2013. In our analyses we separately identify the effect of a medical marijuana law and the impact of subsequent active and legally protected dispensaries. Our main results show surprisingly limited improvements in self-reported health after the legalization of medical marijuana and legally protected dispensaries. Subsample analyses reveal strong improvements in health among non-white individuals, those reporting chronic pain, and those with a high school degree, driven predominately by whether or not the state had active and legally protected dispensaries. We also complement the analysis by evaluating the impact on risky health behaviors and find that the aforementioned demographic groups experience large reductions in alcohol consumption after the implementation of a medical marijuana law.

Giving Mom a Break: The Impact of Higher EITC Payments on Maternal Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Evans ◽  
Craig L. Garthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The 1993 expansions of the Earned Income Tax Credit created the first meaningful separation in benefits between families containing two or more children and those with only one child. If income is protective of health, we should see improvements over time in the health for mothers eligible for these higher EITC benefits. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey, we find improvements in self-reported health for affected mothers. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we find reductions in the probability of having risky levels of biomarkers for these same women. (JEL H24, I12, I14, J16)

scholarly journals Do Spatial Boundaries Matter for Exploring the Impact of Community Green Spaces on Health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7529
Author(s):  
Jong Cheol Shin ◽  
Mei-Po Kwan ◽  
Diana S. Grigsby-Toussaint
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Green space exposure is thought to have a positive influence on physical activity behavior and overall health. However, the literature remains equivocal, and green space measurement methods remain complicated. Using data from the Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this study examines the influence of green space on health-related factors, such as exercise, physical health, and mental health. Moreover, we explore the methods for measuring community green space via various spatial boundaries and green space resources. The results show that combining two contextually designated census boundaries and a measure of green space with seasonality were the best spatial conceptualizations for capturing community green space. Moreover, the findings showed a positive influence of green space exposure on health outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of considering geographic contexts of daily human behaviors and green space seasonality in providing a better understanding of the influence of community activity space on environmental exposure measurement. Further, this work contributes to community planning for encouraging health-promoting behaviors.

scholarly journals Marijuana Decriminalization, Medical Marijuana Laws, and Fatal Traffic Crashes in US Cities, 2010–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Cook ◽  
Gregory Leung ◽  
Rhet A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Marijuana Decriminalization ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Us Cities

Objectives. To determine the impact of city-level cannabis decriminalization and medical marijuana laws (MMLs) on fatal traffic crashes in US cities. Methods. Using a census of fatal traffic crashes from the 2010 to 2017 Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we examined MMLs and cannabis decriminalization on fatal crashes by age and sex of driver. We used a Poisson difference-in-differences approach, exploiting temporal and geographic variation in marijuana decriminalization laws. Results. Cities experienced a 13% increase in fatal crashes involving 15- to 24-year-old male drivers following decriminalization (incidence rate ratio = 1.125; 95% confidence interval = 1.014, 1.249). This effect was immediate and strongest on weekend nights. We found no effect on female drivers or older males. Conversely, we found that MMLs were associated with fewer fatal crashes for both males and females, which was most pronounced in 15- to 24-year-old drivers. Conclusions. Unlike MMLs, which are associated with fewer fatal crashes, cities experienced a relative increase in fatal crashes involving young male drivers following marijuana decriminalization. Public Health Implications. MMLs stipulate consumption occurs at home, whereas decriminalization only lessens the penalty for marijuana possession. Therefore, travel incentives of such laws have heterogeneous effects on traffic safety.

scholarly journals Caregivers' Cannabis Use: Does Burden Lead to Blunts?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 511-511
Author(s):  
Kanika Arora
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Research on risky health behaviors among caregivers is limited. In this paper, we examine the association between informal caregiving and marijuana use and whether this association varies by age. Using data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2016-2019), a multivariable logistic regression model compared marijuana use in “caregivers” and “expectant caregivers.” We stratified the analyses by age and also assessed the association between caregiving intensity and marijuana use. Among younger individuals (18-49 years), informal caregiving was associated with higher odds of marijuana use. In this group, higher prevalence of marijuana use was positively associated with care intensity. There was no detectable association between caregiving and marijuana use among older individuals (50 years or older). Health behaviors among caregivers differ by age. Combined exposure to informal caregiving and marijuana in young adulthood may lead to adverse long-term health consequences. Immediate effects of marijuana use may negatively influence care recipient outcomes.

scholarly journals Latino Health Behavior: An Exploratory Analysis of Health Risk and Health Protective Factors in a Community Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gast ◽  
Terry Peak ◽  
Anne Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latino Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Impact

Background. Demographic and cultural factors have been found to affect health behaviors in Latinos in both positive and negative ways, but few studies have examined the impact of culture and adherence to machismo norms on health behaviors in a mixed gender community sample of Latinos. Of particular interest was if positive ( caballerismo) or negative aspects of machismo would affect Latino health behaviors. Methods. A paper survey was given to a community sample of Latinos in northern Utah to explore the variables that affect both health promoting and health risking behaviors in this cross-sectional study (final N = 144 participants). Results. Life satisfaction, self-reported health, health insurance status, language preference, and gender were significantly related to overall health score. Surprisingly, the cultural variables of fatalism, machismo, and caballerismo were nonsignificant in all analyses. Conclusion. Access to health care mediated by health insurance and self-reported health status may be the most effective way to encourage Latinos to engage in protective health behaviors.

scholarly journals Effect of Practicing Health Behaviors on Unmet Needs among Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7977
Author(s):  
Bich-Na Jang ◽  
Hwi-Jun Kim ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Seon-Yeong Woo ◽  
Woo-Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Equation Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
The Impact

With the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, the proportion of unmet needs is increasing. In this study, we investigated the effect of practicing health behaviors on unmet needs among patients with chronic diseases, using data from the Korea Health Panel Survey conducted between 2014–2017. Participants (n = 4069) aged 19 or older, with at least one chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or arthrosis) and with existing follow up data were selected. Health behaviors combined three variables: not presently smoking, not belonging to high-risk drinking group, and indulging in moderate- or high-intensity exercise. Those who met all three criteria were classified as the practicing health behaviors group. Generalized Estimating Equation analysis was performed to consider correlated data within a subject. Of the participants, 23.9% practiced health behaviors. Participants who did not practice health behaviors were significantly more likely to have unmet needs compared with those who did (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39). Further research would be needed to verify the impact of practicing health behavior on unmet needs.

scholarly journals Risky Health Behaviors Among Mothers-to-Be: The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther K. Chung ◽  
Laila Nurmohamed ◽  
Leny Mathew ◽  
Irma T. Elo ◽  
James C. Coyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Risky Health Behaviors ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact

Economic Freedom, Race, and Health Disparities

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Hall ◽  
Brad R. Humphreys ◽  
Jane E. Ruseski
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Race And Health ◽  
The Impact

The social determinants of health include the communities in which people reside. Associated with geographic areas are public policies that influence a variety of economic and social outcomes. The group of public policies associated with economic freedom have been found to be positively related to a number of economic and social outcomes. In this article, we investigate the impact of economic freedom on self-reported health and racial health disparities. We use propensity score matching to construct a control group of whites who can be compared to blacks in the 2007, 2009, and 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. After accounting for confounding variables and possible selection, we find evidence that economic freedom is associated with lower levels of self-reported health for the population overall. After allowing for the effects of economic freedom to differ by race, we find that higher levels of economic freedom mitigate the observed gap in health status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and the Impact of COVID-19 on the HIV Care Continuum, Economic Security, Risky Health Behaviors, and Mental Health Among HIV-Infected Individuals in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Matsumoto ◽  
Moeko Nagai ◽  
Dieu An Dang Luong ◽  
Hoai Dung Thi Nguyen ◽  
Dung Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risky Health Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated social responses may uniquely affect people living with HIV (PLHIV). SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and a cross-sectional survey on COVID-19’s socio-behavioral impacts were conducted among a large PLHIV cohort in Hanoi, Vietnam. We examined anonymous antibody test results for 1243 PLHIV (99.8%) from whom plasma was obtained and completed surveys were collected in June/July 2020, just after the end of the first COVID-19 outbreak and nationwide lockdown. Three participants (0.2%) tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. HIV treatment was generally maintained without antiretroviral therapy interruption, but COVID-19 had substantial impacts on economic security and risky health behaviors among PLHIV, which may have amplified psychological stress. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of COVID-19’s impacts on PLHIV and for efforts to mitigate these impacts.

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