What Do We Mean by Negative Partisanship?

The Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
Yphtach Lelkes
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Negative partisanship is one of the most popular explanations for current levels of dysfunction in American politics. Yet, the term is used inconsistently in both academic research and the popular press. It is sometimes referred to as negative affect towards the out-party that is a more important predictor of political behavior than positive affect towards the in-party. It is also sometimes referred to as a negational identity, wherein identification with one party is founded upon not being identified with the other party. In this essay, I first review the two definitions of negative partisanship and their preponderance in the mass public. Counter some reports, disdain is not more prevalent than warmth. Next, I discuss new evidence which shows that partisan disdain and negational partisanship are mutually exclusive concepts. Finally, in a reanalysis of published work, I reexamine the evidence that purportedly shows that negative partisanship is a better explanation for political behavior than positive partisanship.

Cognitive Therapy and the Facilitation of Affect: Two Case Illustrations

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory F. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
First Case ◽  
Thinking Processes

Cognitive therapy, as conducted by Aaron T. Beck and his associates, is known for effectively teaching clients to modify the kinds of dysfunctional thinking processes that are associated with depression and a number of other disorders. On the other hand, cognitive therapy has developed a reputation for paying too little attention to emotionality and its expression thereof as part of treatment. In spite of this popular viewpoint, it is argued here that cognitive therapy is very much concerned with the appropriate experiencing of affect. Two brief case illustrations are presented that highlight the role of emotion enhancement as an important, congruent component of cognitive therapy. The first case demonstrates the facilitation of positive affect in therapy, while the second case example suggests that the augmentation of negative affect may also be appropriate during the course of cognitive therapy.

Cognitive Complexity and Affective Value of Literary Stimuli

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Koenig ◽  
Dale Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Score ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
English Students ◽  
Similar Complex

31 undergraduate English students were asked to evaluate each of the 8 novels they had read on 8 bipolar adjective scales. The top four novels ranked by a student were considered to be novels with positive affect, the other four negative affect. Complexity scores were computed for the two groups of novels using the same method as scoring cognitive complexity for persons. Since it was felt that negative novels do not pose the same kind of threat as do live people, vigilance would not be as much of a factor for careful perception, and the complexity score for both sets of novels should be about the same. If justifying one's dislike for persons results in a more complex perception of these persons, a similar complex perception should be noted in responding to novels one does not like. The results showed that Ss gave more complex rating of the novels eliciting negative affect than those of positive affect, which supports justification as an explanation of complex perception of stimuli with negative affect.

Factor Analysis of Data on the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory from Married Couples

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Jacob ◽  
Candice Feiring ◽  
Carol Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empathic Understanding

The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory was administered to 264 husbands and 259 wives and the data were factor analyzed separately for males, females, and total sample. The inventory's five subscales (Level of Regard, Empathic Understanding, Congruence, Unconditionality of Regard, and Willingness To Be Known) did not emerge as factors. Instead, two general factors were identified, one related to positive affect and attitudes and the other to negative affect and indifference. Findings were briefly discussed in terms of the work of Bradburn and others.

scholarly journals Gambaran Emosi dan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Bahu

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Kati ◽  
Hendri Opod ◽  
Cicilia Pali
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety

Abstract: Anxiety and poor emotional management may trigger the occurence of hypertension. In reverse, hypertension is able to cause uncontrolled anxiety and emotion. This study was aimed to determine the emotional and anxiety level of patients with hypertension at Puskesmas Bahu (Primary Heath Center). This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used to measure the anxiety level, and Positive Affect-Negative Affect Schedule was used to determine the emotion overview of hypertensive patients. Subjects of this study were all hypertensive patients who came to Pukesmas Bahu during the period of October to November 2017. There were 78 patients as respondents involved in this study; 49 (62.8%) females and 29 (37.2%) males. The results showed that 4 (5.1%) respondents had dominant negative affect, while the other 74 (94.9%) respondents had dominant positive affect. Dealing with the anxiety level, there were 23 (29.5%) respondents with mild anxiety level, 21 (26.9%) respondents with severe anxiety level, 20 (25.6%) respondents with moderate anxiety level, 10 (12.8%) respondents had no anxiety, and the other 4 (5.1%) respondents had very severe anxiety. Conclusion: Most hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Bahu had dominant positive affect frequently associated with mild anxiety.Keywords: emotion, anxiety, affect, hypertensionAbstrak: Kecemasan dan manajemen emosi yang buruk dapat mencetuskan terjadinya hipertensi. Hipertensi juga dapat menyebabkan kecemasan dan emosi menjadi tidak terkendali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran emosi dan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Bahu. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan dan Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule digunakan untuk mengetahui gambaran emosi pasien hipertensi. Subyek penelitian ialah seluruh pasien hipertensi yang datang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Bahu pada periode Oktober sampai November 2017. Terdapat 78 responden dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 49 orang (62,8%) perempuan dan 29 orang (37,2%) laki-laki. Gambaran emosi yang didapatkan ialah sebanyak 4 responden (5,1%) memiliki afek negatif yang dominan sedangkan 74 responden (94,9%) memiliki afek positif yang dominan. Gambaran tingkat kecemasan yang didapatkan ialah kecemasan ringan sebanyak 23 orang (29,5%), kecemasan berat 21 orang (26,9%), kecemasan sedang 20 orang (25,6%), tidak ada kecemasan sebanyak 10 orang (12,8%), dan kecemasan berat sekali sebanyak 4 orang (5,1%). Simpulan: Sebagian besar pasien dengan hipertensi di Puskesmas Bahu memiliki afek positif yang dominan dan tersering disertai kecemasan ringan.Kata kunci: emosi, kecemasan, afek, hipertensi

scholarly journals Singing and Accompaniment Support the Processing of Song Lyrics and Change the Lyrics' Meaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Yke Schotanus
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
A Cappella ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Emotional Meaning ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Song Lyrics

A growing body of evidence indicates that music can support the processing of language. Some of its beneficial effects may even occur after one exposure. Accompaniment can also have an impact: in a-cappella singing, silences and out-of-key notes may confuse listeners, while accompaniment avoids silences and elucidates both rhythm and harmony, thereby supporting music-processing and concentration. These hypotheses were tested in two experiments. In a classroom setting, 271 pupils (M = 15.7 years old, SD = 0.9), listened to five out of 24 tracks (four songs in six different conditions) and completed a questionnaire after each one. As expected, the instrumental interludes between sung or spoken phrases in accompanied versions were rated less distracting than the silences that replace them in unaccompanied ones. Furthermore, perceived arousal, emotion, valence, and purity of singing were rated more positively in accompanied versions. Singing, on the other hand, supports the perceived intelligibility and comprehensibility of the lyrics. Finally, the music makes repetitions of words and phrases more meaningful and changes the lyrics' emotional meaning, wereby some aspects of sadness are associated with negative affect while other aspects of sadness are associated with positive affect. These results were by and large replicated in a better randomized laboratory experiment among 24 adults (M = 24.4; SD = 4.8).

I'll Know What You're Like When I See How You Feel

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Ames ◽  
Gita V. Johar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
New Evidence

Accumulating evidence suggests that targets' displays of emotion shape perceivers' impression of those targets. Prior research has highlighted generalization effects, such as an angry display prompting an impression of hostility. In two studies, we went beyond generalization to examine the interaction of displays and behaviors, finding new evidence of augmenting effects (behavior-correspondent inferences are stronger when behavior is accompanied by positive affect) and discounting effects (such inferences are weaker when behavior is accompanied by negative affect). Thus, the same display can have different effects on impressions depending on the behavior it accompanies. We found evidence that these effects are mediated by ascribed intentions and that they have a boundary: When behaviors and affective displays are repeated, the augmenting and discounting power of displays appears to wane.

There Is No Empirical Evidence for Critical Positivity Ratios: Comment on Fredrickson (2013)

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
American Psychologist ◽  
Positivity Ratio ◽  
Nonlinear Relation

Fredrickson and Losada ( American Psychologist, 2005, 60, 678-686) theorized that a ratio of positive affect to negative affect (positivity ratio) of 2.9013 acts as a critical minimum for well-being. Recently, Brown, Sokal, and Friedman ( American Psychologist, 2013, 68, 801-813) convincingly demonstrated that the mathematical work underlying this critical minimum positivity ratio was both flawed and misapplied. This comment addresses Fredrickson’s ( American Psychologist, 2013, 68, 814-822) insistence that, regardless of the incorrect mathematical work, substantial empirical evidence exists both for critical minimum and maximum positivity ratios and, more generally, for a (unspecified) nonlinear relation between the positivity ratio and well-being, by first noting that there was a mismatch between Fredrickson and Losada’s (2005) theory and the data used to test it, then describing the methodological and statistical problems of Fredrickson and Losada’s empirical study (2005), and, finally, examining the other studies that Fredrickson (2013) cited as empirical evidence.

Pesquisas sobre Currículos e Culturas: tensões, movimentos e criações

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Patrícia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Art Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
Do It Yourself

The book Research on Curricula and Cultures: tensions, movements and creations, organized by Marlucy Alves Paraíso and Maria Patrícia Silva, it consists of 17 chapters, one of which is an interesting work by a Canadian scholar who investigates state anti-feminism. The other chapters bring results from 16 researches developed by researchers from the Study and Research Group on Curricula and Cultures (GECC), created and coordinated by Marlucy Alves Paraíso, which has researchers from several Brazilian universities and states. The articles in the book combine the post-critical perspectives used to investigate curricula and cultures in their different nuances, addressing silences, power relations, modes of subjectivation and the movements that prevent their fixity. The book brings research results that discuss the possibilities of creating possibilities at school and in other cultural spaces that also have curricula and develop pedagogies, such as: cyberspace, city, health care programs, teacher training programs, educational policies, etc. In addition, curricula are investigated with emphasis on different practices and aspects: childhood, art, music, dance, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, corporality, politics, with research that also innovates methodologically when operating with openings, experiments, do-it-yourself and compositions in different ways. to research curricula without rigidity, although with the necessary rigor in academic research. O livro reconhece de diferentes modos as possibilidades de conexões entre currículos e culturas, e mostra movimentos capazes de operar transgressões apostando em uma cultura porvir.

The Political Impact of Affective Polarization: How Partisan Animus Shapes COVID-19 Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Druckman ◽  
Samara Klar ◽  
Yanna Krupnikov ◽  
Matthew Levendusky ◽  
John B. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
American Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Citizens Attitudes

Affective polarization is a defining feature of 21st century American politics—partisans harbor considerable dislike and distrust of those from the other party. Does this animus have consequences for citizens’ opinions? Such effects would highlight not only the consequences of polarization, but also shed new light onto how citizens form preferences more generally. Normally, this question is intractable, but the outbreak of the novel coronavirus allows us to answer it. We find that affective polarization powerfully shapes citizens’ attitudes about the pandemic, as well as the actions they have taken in response to it. However, these effects are conditional on the local severity of the outbreak, as the effects decline in areas with high caseloads—threat vitiates partisan reasoning. Our results clarify that closing the divide on important issues requires not just policy discourse but also attempts to reduce inter-partisan hostility.

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