scholarly journals Abdominal Ultrasonography in Cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
K. Munday ◽  
P. Mudron
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Cattle

Abstract The main goal of this study was to design and propose specific abdominal zones that would contain the gastrointestinal organs in healthy cattle when scanned with trans-abdominal ultrasound. The second goal was to measure the intestinal wall thicknesses of the cranial duodenum, jejunum and colon and to compare healthy cattle intestinal wall thicknesses with pathological cases. All of the six healthy cattle had organs located in the zones proposed. Three of the four pathological cases had organs outside of the zones proposed. The six healthy cattle had an average cranial duodenum wall thickness of 2.45 mm, an average jejunum wall thickness of 1.90 mm and an average colon wall thickness of 3.02 mm. Of the pathological cases, three out of four had intestinal walls that were thicker than that of the average values for the healthy cattle. The thickest intestinal walls were found in the paratuberculosis positive cow. This cow had a cranial duodenum wall thickness of 9.5 mm, a jejunum wall thickness of 4.9 mm and a colon wall thickness of 10.0 mm. In conclusion, trans-abdominal ultrasonography has the potential to be an ideal diagnostic tool for the investigation of the bovine gastrointestinal tract and gastrointestinal disorders such as abscesses, peritonitis and displacement of the abomasum. Trans-abdominal ultrasound also has the potential to be a non-painful, non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of proliferative intestinal inflammations in cattle.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case report and a review of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Benatti ◽  
Carla Sacchetti ◽  
Antonio Pedrazzi ◽  
Claudio Gollini ◽  
Federica Vecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Peritoneal Effusion ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders

Background: Despite its uncommon occurrence, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is one of the most important primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. These are defined as disorders that selectively affect the gastrointestinal tract with eosinophil-rich inflammation in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia. The disorders include eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilic colitis. Aim of the study: This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment of primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders with particular attention to primary eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Clinical case: We report a case of a 32-years-old woman that was admitted to our Hospital complaining of abdominal pain, ascites and diarrhea. Laboratory investigations showed a white cell count of 15.1 thousands/mm3 with eosinophilia; other laboratory studies were within the normal limits. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated peritoneal effusion and cytological analysis revealed a prevalence of eosinophils in the ascites. The multiple endoscopic biopsies were normal. However, the clinical history, and the laboratory, radiological and endoscopic findings gave a firm diagnosis of the serosal form of primary eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Discussion: This is a rare, benign condition, pathologically characterized by an important eosinophilic infiltration of the wall of the digestive tract and presents a constellation of symptoms that are related to the degree and area of the gastrointestinal tract affected. Primary eosinophilic gastroenteritis encompasses multiple disease entities subcategorized into three types on the basis of the level of histologic involvement: mucosal, muscolaris and serosal forms. Every layer of the gastrointestinal tract can be involved, so that endoscopic biopsy can be normal in patients with the muscolaris subtype, serosal subtype, or both.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Biopsies and Histopathological Findings in Diagnosing Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rychlik ◽  
Ewa Kaczmar
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mucosal Biopsy ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Guided Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Nowadays, endoscopic examination is a diagnostic tool gaining popularity in the management of gastrointestinal disorders in dogs and cats. Direct accessibility of the lumen of gastrointestinal tract combined with the mucosal biopsy provides a great diagnostic potential. Using endoscopy and endoscopically guided biopsy, one can conduct both macro- and microscopic assessment of lesions and perform many specialist adjunct examinations. Histopathological examination of mucosal biopsy specimens collected from the stomach and intestines allows us to distinguish between types of inflammations and to diagnose ulcerative, polypoid, and cancerous lesions.

scholarly journals Mesenterialis actinomycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Adrienn Biró ◽  
László Ternyik ◽  
Katalin Heckel ◽  
István Bálint ◽  
Zsolt Káposztás
Keyword(s):  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Retroperitoneal Mass ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Histology Result ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
Colon Transversum

Összefoglaló. Egy 46 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, akinél láz és görcsös hasi fájdalom miatt kezdődött kivizsgálás. A hasi ultrahangvizsgálat során a colon transversum területén megvastagodott falú konglomerátum volt látható. A kolonoszkópia során organikus eltérés nem igazolódott. A hasi komputertomográfiás vizsgálat retroperitonealis térfoglalást írt le, ezért onkológiai bizottság javaslata alapján műtét mellett döntöttünk. Egy hónappal a panaszok jelentkezése után megtörtént a műtét, melynek során úgy tűnt, hogy egy megközelítőleg 5 × 8 centiméteres, a vékonybélből kiinduló, a colon ascendenst és a sigmabelet is érintő, daganatnak imponáló terimét találtunk. Jobb oldali hemicolectomiát végeztünk, és reszekáltuk a sigmabélfal részletét. A szövettani vizsgálat malignitást nem igazolt, hanem a bélfallal összefüggést nem mutató, mesenterialis actinomycosist írt le. A hasi, mesenterialis actinomycosis ritka kórkép, mégis fontos, hogy gondoljunk rá mint differenciáldiagnosztikai lehetőségre, így a beteg a lehető leghamarabb megkaphatja a megfelelő kezelést. Esettanulmányunk bemutatásával a kórkép ismeretének fontosságára szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 116–119. Summary. We present the case of a 46-year-old female, who presented with fever and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a thickened-walled conglomerate near the transvers colon. Colonoscopy did not show any organic abnormality. Abdominal computed tomography described a retroperitoneal mass, so we decided on surgery based on the multidisciplinary team decision. One month after the onset of symptoms, laparotomy was performed, and it seemed that we found an approximately 5 × 8 centimetre tumour attached to the small intestine involving the ascending and sigmoid colon. We performed right hemicolectomy and sigmoid colon wall resection. Histology result showed mesenteric actinomycosis with no connection to the intestinal wall, no malignancy was revealed. Although the abdominal, mesenteric actinomycosis is a rare disease, it is important to think of it as a differential diagnostic option, so the patient can get proper treatment and cured sooner. Our aim with presenting this case report is to highlight the significance of this disease. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 116–119.

scholarly journals Examination of Entire Gastrointestinal Tract: A Perspective of Mouth to Anus (M2A) Capsule Endoscopy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyung Nam ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Yun-Jeong Lim
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Entire Gastrointestinal Tract

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the only non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables the direct visualization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Even though CE was initially developed for small-bowel investigation, its clinical application is expanding, and technological advances continue. The final iteration of CE will be a mouth to anus (M2A) capsule that investigates the entire GI tract by the ingestion of a single capsule. This narrative review describes the current developmental status of CE and discusses the possibility of realizing an M2A capsule and what needs to be overcome in the future.

Feline abdominal ultrasonography: What’s normal? What’s abnormal? The normal gastrointestinal tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046
Author(s):  
Sally Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up

Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. B-mode ultrasonography is likely the most widely used modality for imaging the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in cats, providing information on intestinal wall thickness and the presence or absence of intestinal dilation and peristalsis, among other factors. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variations and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasonographic examination and appearance of the normal GI tract; the diseased GI tract is addressed in an accompanying article in this issue of JFMS. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review describes where findings contrast with those typically seen in dogs. It is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Ultrasound Versus Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography As A Diagnostic Tool For Patients With Dilated Common Bile Duct Of Undetermined Etiology Detected By Abdominal Ultrasound

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E M B Helal ◽  
A M A Hassan ◽  
H A F Faheem ◽  
M A A A Fayed
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography

Abstract Background Common bile duct dilatation could result from various etiologies: choledochocholithiasis, common bile duct stricture, cholangiocarcinoma, periampullary diverticulum, pancreatic head mass, Oddi sphincter dysfunction and papillary stenosis, etc. A dilated common bile duct could denote a hidden pathological biliary condition; on the other hand it occurs in cases with advanced age or postcholecystectomy status in the absence of pathological affection. Objective The aim of this study is to compare between the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography as a diagnostic tool for patients with dilated common bile duct in whom abdominal ultrasonography could not demonstrate the cause of dilation. Methods This study was conducted on eighty (80) patients who underwent EUS and ERCP to compare between the accuracy of both as a diagnostic tool in whom TUS couldn’t demonstrate the cause of CBD dilatation, the study was performed as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data at TBRI (Theodor Bilharz Research Institute) after approval was obtained from the ethics and indications committee of TBRI. The study protocol was approved by the medical ethics committee of Ain Shams University and TBRI. Results In the current research study it was revealed that among 80 study subjects there were 24 cases having stone (30%), 26 cases having stricture(32.5%), benign cases were only 2 (2.5%), prominent CBD with no obstruction were4 cases (5%). Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasound is a complementary imaging modality after transabdominal ultrasound for assessment of CBD dilatation and have a crucial role in the benign and malignant periampullary tumors diagnosis additional research studies are required to be performed in a multicentric fashion considering racial and ethnic differences.

scholarly journals The intensity of mesenterial blood flow and the degree of intestinal maturity in newborns at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
T.K. Znamenska ◽  
O.V. Vorobiоva ◽  
A.A. Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Premature Babies

Background. In recent years, the use of abdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns has spread. At the initial stages of the disease, intestinal wall thickness, echogenicity and perfusion increase due to intestinal inflammation and mucosal edema. With the progression of NEC, thinning of the intestinal wall, lack of perfusion and peristalsis prevail and warn of the risk of intestinal perforation. This is the evidence of the diagnostic advantage of ultrasound in assessing the progression of NEC. The article presents some results of our own experience of using abdominal ultrasound to diagnose NEC in premature babies. The purpose was to assess the degree of intestinal maturity and the relationship between Doppler indices of intestinal perfusion and vascular resistance in the superior mesenteric arterial bed in premature newborns on day 1–5 of life who are at risk of developing NEC. Materials and methods. The authors examined 34 randomly selected premature babies with low and very low body weight and gestational age from 28 to 36 weeks who were born to mothers with complications of pregnancy. Maximum systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and mean blood flow velocity were assessed at ≥ 5 consecutive heartbeats. Based on these indicators, the pulse index was calculated. Results. After the study on days 1–5 of life the newborns were divided retrospectively into groups depending on clinical diagnoses at the end of the early neonatal period. Babies born with severe asphyxia, with high vascular resistance in the superior mesenteric artery on day 1–5 of life, as well as with a bowel wall thickness of less than 1.6 mm, have an increased risk of developing NEC. Conclusions. The revealed high vascular resistance in the superior mesenteric artery on day 1–5 of life in premature infants with very low body weight and with a high risk of developing NEC will help make correct clinical decisions on ma­nagement and treatment, including the initiation of enteral nutrition and expanding its volume.

scholarly journals Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The adrenal glands

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Diagnostic Work

Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the adrenal glands can provide important information pertaining to several conditions including hyperaldosteronism and hyperadrenocorticism. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings, such as adrenal mineralisation, and clinically significant pathological changes can be challenging. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased adrenal glands. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

scholarly journals Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases: Review and Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahreema Jawairia ◽  
Ghulamullah Shahzad ◽  
Paul Mustacchia
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are a progressively more frequent diverse group of intestinal diseases. The intention of this paper is to present the newest developments in the care of patients with EGIDs and to sum up a rising literature defining the clinical features and mechanistic elements of eosinophils and their intricate associations with the gastrointestinal tract. Clinicians ought to stay sensitive to EGIDs as a diagnostic likelihood for patients with general gastrointestinal symptoms. Further research is warranted to establish various methods leading to dysfunction coupled with eosinophilic gastrointestinal inflammation.

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